| Roger Ascham (15151568), English scholar and writer |
| Joseph, Ritter von Aschbach (18011882), German historian |
| Oscar Asche (18711936), English actor |
| Asclepiades (c. 130c. 40 B.C.), Greek physician |
| Asclepiades (fl. c. 270 B.C.), Epigrammatist and lyric poet, friend of Theocritus |
| Asclepiodotus (fl. First Century A.D.), Greek military writer |
| Graziadio Isaia Ascoli (18291907), Italian philologist |
| Quintus Asconius Pedianus (9 B.C.76 A.D.), Roman grammarian and historian |
| Gasparo Aselli (15811626), Italian physician |
| John Asgill (16591738), English writer |
| Ashā (d. c. 629), Arabian poet |
| Asharī (873?935?), Arabian theologian |
| Edward Gibson, Baron Ashbourne (18371913), Irish lawyer and politician |
| John Ashburnham (16031671), English Royalist |
| Alexander Baring, Baron Ashburton (17741848), English politician and financier |
| Turner Ashby (18241862), American cavalry leader in the Confederate army |
| Asher, a tribe of Israel |
| Asher Ben-Yeḥiel (c. 12501327), Jewish rabbi and codifier |
| Albert Henry Stanley, Baron Ashfield (18741948), British politician and man of business |
| Ashi (352427), Jewish amora, the first editor of the Talmud |
| Sebi Ashkenazi (16561718), rabbi of Amsterdam |
| Sir William James Ashley (18601927), English economist |
| Elias Ashmole (16171692), English antiquarian |
| Jehudi Ashmun (17941828), American missionary |
| Ashurbanipal (fl. 668627 B.C.), the grand monarque of Assyria |
| Lena Ashwell (18721957), English actress |
| Robert Aske (d. 1537), English rebel |
| Anne Askewe (c. 15201546), English Protestant martyr |
| George Ranken Askwith (18611942), English lawyer and civil servant |
| Aṣmaī (740c. 828), Arabian scholar |
| Asmoneus, great-grandfather of Mattathias, the father of Judas Maccabaeus |
| Adam Asnyk (18381897), Polish dramatic author |
| Aśoka (fl. 259 B.C.), a famous Buddhist Emperor of India |
| Aspasia (Fifth Century B.C.), Athenian courtesan |
| Aspasius (fl. First Century A.D.?), Greek peripatetic philosopher |
| Aemilius Asper (Second Century), Latin grammarian |
| Hans Asper (14991571), Swiss painter |
| Herbert Henry Asquith (18521928), English statesman |
| Ottavio Assarotti (17531829), founder of schools for the education of deaf-mutes in Italy |
| Jan Asselijn (16101652), Dutch painter |
| Assemani, name of a Syrian Maronite family of famous orientalists |
| Asser (d. c. 910), English Bishop, and author of a life of Alfred the Great |
| Alfred Assollant (18271886), French journalist and novelist |
| Georg Anton Friedrich Ast (17781841), German philosopher and philologist |
| Mary Astell (16681731), English author |
| Asterius (d. c. 341), Sophist and teacher of rhetoric in Galatia |
| Saint Asterius (c. 350c. 410), Bishop of Amasia, in Pontus |
| Jean Frédéric Astié (18221894), French Protestant clergyman |
| Jacob, Baron Astley (15791652), Royalist commander in the English Civil War |
| Sir John Dugdale Astley (18281894), English soldier and sportsman |
| Anthony Aston (fl. 17121731), English actor and dramatist |
| John Jacob Astor (17631848), American merchant |
| Emanuele dAstorga (16801736), Italian musical composer |
| Jean Astruc (16841766), French physician and biblical critic |
| Astyages (Sixth Century B.C.), last King of the Median empire |
| Atahualpa (d. 1533), the last of the Incas of Peru |
| Ataulphus (384415), King of the Goths |
| Athalaric (516534), King of the Ostrogoths |
| Athaliah, in the Bible, the daughter of Ahab, and wife of Jehoram |
| Athanagild (d. 547?), King of the Visigoths |
| Athanaric (d. 381), ruler of the Visigoths |
| Saint Athanasius (d. 373), Bishop of Alexandria and saint |
| Athelm (d. 923), English churchman |
| Athenæus (Second Century?), Greek rhetorician and grammarian |
| Athenagoras (fl. Second Century), Christian apologist |
| Athenodorus, name of two Stoic philosophers |
| William Guybon Atherstone (18141898), British geologist |
| Charles Gordon Atherton (18041853), United States Senator |
| Gertrude Franklin Horn Atherton (18571948), American author |
| Joseph Athias (d. 1700), Jewish rabbi and printer |
| Earls and Dukes of Atholl |
| Edward Atkinson (18271905), American economist |
| Sir Harry Albert Atkinson (18311892), British colonial statesman |
| Titus Quinctius Atta (d. 77 B.C.), Roman comedy writer |
| Farīd al-Dīn Aṭṭār (d. c. 1230), Persian poet and mystic |
| Per Daniel Amadeus Atterbom (17901855), Swedish poet |
| Francis Atterbury (16621732), English man of letters, politician and Bishop |
| Titus Pomponius Atticus (10932 B.C.), Roman patron of letters |
| Attila (d. 453), King of the Huns |
| Thomas Attwood (17651838), English composer |
| Thomas Attwood (17831856), English political reformer |
| Lyman Hotchkiss Atwater (18131883), American scholar |
| Wilbur Olin Atwater (18441907), chemist and scientific agriculturist |
| George Atwood (17451807), English mathematician |
| Théodore Aubanel (18291886), poet and orator of Provence |
| Daniel François Esprit Auber (17821871), French musical composer |
| Jean Louis Aubert (17311814), fabulist and poet |
| Jean Baptiste Annibal Aubert du Bayet (17571797), French general |
| Charles Aubertin (18251908), littérateur |
| François-Hédelin, Abbé dAubignac (16041676), French author |
| Constant dAubigné (c. 15841647), French adventurer |
| Théodore Agrippa dAubigné (15521630), French poet and historian |
| John Aubrey (16261697), English antiquary |
| Pierre dAubusson (14231503), Grand-master of the order of St. John of Jerusalem |
| Sir Samuel Auchmuty (17561822), British general |
| George Eden, Earl of Auckland (17841849), English statesman |
| William Eden, Baron Auckland (17451814), English statesman |
| Léon Aucoc (18281910), lawyer and politician |
| Jean Baptiste Audebert (17591800), French artist and naturalist |
| Philibert Audebrand (18161906), journalist and author |
| Audefroi le Bastart (fl. 11901230), French trouvère |
| Edmé Armand Gaston, Duc dAudiffret-Pasquier (18231905), French statesman |
| Audius (Fourth Century), Church reformer |
| Sir James Audley (c. 13161386), one of the original knights of the order of the Garter |
| Sir Thomas Audley (c. 14881544), Lord Chancellor of England |
| Jean Victor Audouin (17971841), French naturalist |
| Audran, name of a family of French artists and engravers |
| Edmond Audran (18421901), French musical composer |
| Arnoul dAudrehem (c. 13051370), French soldier |
| John James Audubon (17851851), American naturalist |
| Berthold Auerbach (18121882), German novelist |
| Moritz von Auffenberg (18521928), Austrian general of infantry |
| Aufidius Bassus (First Century), Roman historian |
| Theodor Aufrecht (18221907), Oriental philologist |
| Pierre Augereau (17571816), Marshal of France |
| Émile Augier (18201889), French dramatist |
| Johann Christian Wilhelm Augusti (17721841), German theologian |
| Saint Augustine (354430), one of the four great fathers of the Latin Church |
| Saint Augustine of Canterbury (d. c. 613), first Archbishop of Canterbury |
| Augustus (63 B.C.14 A.D.), Roman Emperor |
| Augustus I. (15261586), Elector of Saxony |
| Augustus II. (16701733), King of Poland |
| Augustus III. (16961763), King of Poland |
| François-Alphonse Aulard (18491928), French historian |
| Madame dAulnoy (1650/11705), French author |
| Henri dOrléans, Duc dAumale (18221897), French Prince and statesman |
| Aumont, name of a family which played an important part in French history |
| Aurangzeb (16181707), one of the greatest of the Mogul emperors of Hindustan |
| Aurelian (c. 215275), one of the greatest of the Roman soldier emperors |
| Caelius Aurelianus (fl. Fifth Century?), physician of Sicca in Numidia |
| Louis Jean Baptiste dAurelle de Paladines (18041877), French general |
| Petrus Aureolus (c. 12801322), Scholastic philosopher and monk of the Franciscan order |
| Aurifaber, surname borne by three prominent men of the Reformation period in Germany |
| Giovanni Aurispa (c. 13761459), Italian humanist |
| Ausonius (c. 310c. 395), Roman poet and rhetorician |
| Jane Austen (17751817), English novelist |
| Alfred Austin (18351913), English poet-laureate |
| Jane Goodwin Austin (18311894), American authoress |
| John Austin (17901859), English jurist |
| Sarah Taylor Austin (17931867), English author |
| Stephen Fuller Austin (17931836), American pioneer |
| Autolycus of Pitane (c. 360c. 290 B.C.), Greek mathematician and astronomer |
| Joseph Autran (18131877), French poet |
| Auxentius (fl. c. 370), Arian theologian of some eminence |
| Avaray, French family |
| John Lubbock, Baron Avebury (18341913), English banker, politician and naturalist |
| Avempace (d. 1138/9), earliest and one of the most distinguished of the Arab philosophers of Spain |
| Richard Heinrich Ludwig Avenarius (18431896), German philosopher |
| Aventinus (14771534), author of the Annals of Bavaria |
| William Woods Averell (18321900), General and inventor |
| Averroës (11261198), Arabian philosopher |
| Waightstill Avery (17411821), lawyer and patriot |
| Giuseppe Avezzana (17971879), soldier |
| Avianus, Latin writer of fables |
| Avicenna (9801037), Arabian philosopher |
| Gaius Avidius Cassius (130/1175), Roman general |
| Avienus (Fourth Century), Roman aristocrat and poet |
| Luis de Ávila y Zuñiga (c. 1500c. 1560), Spanish historian |
| Charles Avison (17091770), musical composer |
| Saint Avitus (d. c. 518), Bishop of Vienne |
| Amedeo Avogadro (17761856), Italian physicist |
| Barry Yelverton, Viscount Avonmore (17361805), Irish judge |
| Heneage Finch, Earl of Aylesford (c. 16481719), English statesman |
| Sir Fenton John Aylmer (18621935), British general |
| Emilia Aylmer Gowing (18461905), English dramatist and poet |
| Aymer of Valence (d. 1260), Bishop of Winchester, a half-brother of Henry III. |
| Jakob Ayrer (15441605), German dramatist |
| Romeyn Beck Ayres (18461905), American soldier |
| William Edward Ayrton (18471908), English physicist |
| Samuel Ayscough (17451804), English librarian and index-maker |
| Sir George Ayscue (fl. 16461671), British admiral |
| Sir Robert Ayton (15701638), Scottish poet |
| William Edmondstoune Aytoun (18131865), Scottish poet |
| Ayub Khan (18551914), Afghan Prince |
| Pierre Hyacinthe Azaïs (17661845), French philosopher |
| Don José Nicholás de Azara (1730/11804), Spanish diplomatist |
| Azariah, name of several persons mentioned in the Old Testament |
| Gumersindo de Azcárate (18401917), Spanish politician and lawyer |
| Marcelo de Azcárraga y Palmero (18321915), Spanish soldier and politician |
| Massimo Taparelli dAzeglio (17981866), Italian statesman and author |
| Azo (c. 1150c. 1230), Italian jurist |
| Manuel Azpíroz (18361905), Mexican statesman and diplomatist |
| Domenico Alberto Azuni (17491827), Italian jurist |
| Franz von Baader (17651841), German philosopher and theologian |
| Charles Babbage (17911871), English mathematician and mechanician |
| Orville Elias Babcock (18351884), soldier |
| Albert Babeau (18351913), French historian |
| Babenberg, name of a Franconian family which held the duchy of Austria before the rise of the house of Habsburg |
| Gracchus Babeuf (17601797), French political agitator and journalist |
| Anthony Babington (15611586), English conspirator |
| Churchill Babington (18211889), English classical scholar and archæologist |
| Babur (14831530), famous conqueror of India and founder of the so-called Mogul dynasty |
| Babrius (c. Second Century A.D.), author of a collection of fables written in Greek |
| Saint Babylas (d. c. 250), martyred Bishop of Antioch |
| Guido Baccelli (18301916), Italian physician and politician |
| Bacchylides (fl. Fifth Century B.C.), Greek lyric poet |
| Johann Sebastian Bach (16851750), German musical composer |
| Karl Philipp Emanuel Bach (17141788), German musician and composer |
| Jair Bacharach (16381702), German rabbi |
| Louis Petit de Bachaumont (16901771), French littérateur |
| Alexander Dallas Bache (18061867), American physicist |
| Benjamin Franklin Bache (17691798), printer and journalist |
| Francis Edward Bache (18331858), English musical composer |
| Franklin Bache (17921864), physician and chemist |
| Hartman Bache (17981872), engineer |
| Richard Bache (17371811), second postmaster-general of the United States |
| Sarah Franklin Bache (17431808), only daughter of Benjamin Franklin |
| Theophylact Bache (17341807), merchant |
| John Bachman (17901874), American naturalist |
| Sir George Back (17961878), British navigator |
| Ludolf Backhuysen (c. 16301708), Dutch painter |
| Isaac Backus (17241806), clergyman and writer of religious history |
| Delia Bacon (18111859), Leonard Bacons sister |
| Francis Bacon (15611626), English philosopher, statesman and essayist |
| Henry Bacon (18661924), American architect |
| John Bacon (17401799), British sculptor |
| Leonard Bacon (18021881), American Congregational preacher and writer |
| Nathaniel Bacon (16471676), colonial Virginian leader |
| Sir Nicholas Bacon (15091579), Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of England |
| Robert Bacon (18601919), American banker |
| Roger Bacon (1214?1294), English philosopher and man of science |
| John Baconthorpe (d. 1346), learned Carmelite monk |
| Sisto Badalocchio (b. 1585), Italian painter and engraver |
| John Badby (d. 1410), one of the early Lollard martyrs |
| Robert Baddeley (17331794), English actor |
| Adam Badeau (18311895), soldier |
| Kasimir Felix Badeni (18461909), Austrian statesman |
| Sir George Smyth Baden-Powell (18471898), English legislator, author and diplomatist |
| George Edmund Badger (17951866), American statesman |
| George Percy Badger (18151888), English clergyman |
| Charles Badham (18131884), English scholar |
| Josse Badius (14621535), eminent printer at Paris |
| Pietro Badoglio (18711956), Italian general |
| Karl Ernst von Baer (17921876), German biologist |
| William Jacob Baer (18601941), American painter |
| Adolf von Baeyer (18351917), German chemist |
| Walter Bagehot (18261877), English publicist and economist |
| Jens Baggesen (17641826), Danish poet |
| Bartolomeo Baglioni (14621543), Florentine wood-carver, sculptor and architect |
| Bagoses, Persian name often used for eunuchs |
| Prince Peter Bagration (17651812), Russian general |
| Richard Bagwell (18401918), Irish historian |
| Bahadur Shah I. (16431712), Mogul Emperor of Hindustan |
| Bahadur Shah II. (17751862), last of the Mogul emperors of Hindustan |
| Bahrām, name of five Sassanid kings |
| Johann Christian Felix Bähr (17981872), German philologist |
| Karl Friedrich Bahrdt (17411792), German theologian and adventurer |
| Emil Bährens (18481848), classical scholar |
| Baḥya ben Joseph ibn Paḳuda (Eleventh Century), Jewish ethical writer |
| Jean-Antoine de Baïf (15321589), French poet and member of the Pléiade |
| Gamaliel Bailey (18071859), American journalist |
| James Montgomery Bailey (18411894), American humorous writer |
| Joseph Bailey (18251867), American soldier |
| Liberty Hyde Bailey (18581954), American horticulturist |
| Nathan Bailey (d. 1742), English philologist and lexicographer |
| Philip James Bailey (18161902), English poet |
| Samuel Bailey (17911870), British philosopher and author |
| Theodorus Bailey (18051877), American Naval officer |
| Adrien Baillet (16491706), French scholar and critic |
| Lady Grizel Baillie (16651746), Scottish song-writer |
| Joanna Baillie (17621851), British poet and dramatist |
| Robert Baillie (15991662), Scottish divine |
| Robert Baillie (d. 1684), Scottish conspirator |
| Émile Jean (18311920) and Henri Paul (18401905) Baillière, French publishers |
| Jean Sylvain Bailly (17361793), French astronomer and orator |
| Edward Hodges Baily (17881867), British sculptor |
| Francis Baily (17741844), English astronomer |
| William Hellier Baily (18191888), English palæontologist |
| Alexander Bain (18181903), Scottish philosopher and educationalist |
| Andrew Geddes Bain (17971864), British geologist |
| John Bainbridge (15821643), English astronomer |
| William Bainbridge (17741833), Commodore in the United States navy |
| Edward Baines (17741848), English newspaper-proprietor and politician |
| Giuseppe Baini (17751844), Italian priest, musical critic and composer of church music |
| Sir David Baird (17571829), British general |
| Henry Martyn Baird (18321906), American historian and educationalist |
| James Baird (18021876), Scottish iron-master |
| Robert Baird (17981863), American theologian and author |
| Spencer Fullerton Baird (18231887), American naturalist |
| Bruce Bairnsfather (18871959), English humorist |
| Johann Georg Baiter (18011877), Swiss philologist and textual critic |
| Michael Baius (15131589), Belgian theologian |
| Joseph Bajza (18041858), Hungarian poet and critic |
| Jan Bake (17871864), Dutch philologist and critic |
| Abijah Richardson Baker (18051876), American educator |
| Sir Benjamin Baker (18401907), English engineer |
| Edward Dickenson Baker (18111861), American lawyer, senator, and volunteer soldier |
| Geoffrey Baker (fl. 1350), English chronicler |
| George Pierce Baker (18661935), American educationist |
| Henry Baker (16981774), English naturalist |
| Sir Herbert Baker (18621946), English architect |
| Lafayette Curry Baker (18261868), American detective |
| Newton Diehl Baker (18711937), American politician |
| Sir Richard Baker (15681644/5), author of the Chronicle of the Kings of England |
| Sir Samuel White Baker (18211893), English explorer |
| Thomas Baker (16561740), English antiquary |
| Valentine Baker (18271887), British soldier |
| William Mumford Baker (18251883), American clergyman and author |
| Robert Bakewell (17251795), English agriculturist |
| Robert Bakewell (17681843), English geologist |
| Tamás Bakócz (14421521), Hungarian ecclesiastic and statesman |
| Bakrī (10401094), Arabian geographer |
| Mikhail Bakunin (18141876), Russian anarchist |
| Balaam, prophet in the Bible |
| Balādurī (d. 892), Arabian historian |
| Víctor Balaguer (18241901), Spanish politician and author |
| Mili Alexeivich Balakirev (18371910), Russian musical composer |
| Antoine-Jerôme Balard (18021876), French chemist |
| Balash (Fifth Century), Sassanian King |
| Bálint Balassa (15541594), Magyar lyric poet |
| Cesare, Count Balbo (17891853), Italian writer and statesman |
| Vasco Núñez de Balboa (14751519), discoverer of the Pacific |
| Balbus, name of several Roman families |
| Jakob Balde (16041668), German Latinist |
| Balderic (Eleventh Century), name given to the author of a chronicle of the Bishops of Cambrai |
| Bernardino Baldi (15331617), Italian mathematician and miscellaneous writer |
| Ernst Gottfried Baldinger (17381804), German physician |
| Filippo Baldinucci (16251696), Italian writer on the history of the arts |
| Antonio Baldissera (18381917), Italian general |
| Alessio Baldovinetti (14251499), Florentine painter |
| Francesco Balducci Pegolotti (fl. 13151340), Florentine merchant and writer |
| Jacobus Balduinus (d. 1225), Italian jurist |
| Hans Baldung (d. 1545), German painter |
| Baldwin I. (1058?1118), Prince of Edessa and first King of Jerusalem |
| Baldwin II. (d. 1131), Count of Edessa and King of Jerusalem |
| Baldwin III. (11311162), King of Jerusalem |
| Baldwin IV. (11601185), son of Amalric I. |
| Baldwin V. (d. 1186), son of Sibylla |
| Baldwin I. (11721205), Emperor of Romania |
| Baldwin II. (12171273), Emperor of Romania |
| James Mark Baldwin (18611934), American philosopher |
| Robert Baldwin (18041858), Canadian statesman |
| John Bale (14951563), Bishop of Ossory, English author |
| Peter Bales (15471610?), English calligraphist |
| Charles Wolcott Balestier (18611891), American novelist |
| Michael William Balfe (18081870), Irish musical composer |
| Arthur James, Earl of Balfour (18481930), British statesman |
| Francis Maitland Balfour (18511882), British biologist |
| Sir James Balfour (16001657), Scottish annalist and antiquary |
| Sir James Balfour, Lord Pettindreich (d. 1583), Scottish judge and politician |
| Robert Balfour (1550?1625?), Scottish philosopher |
| Alexander Hugh Bruce, Baron Balfour of Burleigh (18491921), British politician |
| John Balguy (16861748), English divine and philosopher |
| Baliol, name of a family which played an important part in the history of Scotland |
| John de Baliol (c. 12501313), King of Scotland |
| Sir Alexander John Ball (17571809), British rear-admiral and governor of Malta |
| John Ball (c. 13381381), English priest who took a prominent part in the peasant revolt in 1381 |
| John Ball (15851640), English puritan divine |
| John Ball (18181889), Irish politician, naturalist and Alpine traveller |
| Sir Robert Stawell Ball (18401913), Irish astronomer |
| Thomas Ball (18191911), American sculptor |
| Mór Ballagi (18151891), Hungarian philologist |
| John Ballance (18391893), New Zealand statesman |
| Pierre Simon Ballanche (17761847), French philosopher of the theocratic school |
| James Ballantine (18081877), poet and artist |
| William Ballantine (18121887), English serjeant-at-law |
| Robert Michael Ballantyne (18251894), Scottish writer of fiction |
| Albert Ballin (18571918), German merchant |
| Hosea Ballou (17711852), American Universalist clergyman |
| Hosea Ballou (17961861), grandnephew of Hosea Ballou |
| José Manuel Balmaceda (18401891), President of the republic of Chile |
| James Elphinstone, Lord Balmerino (c. 15531612), Scottish politician |
| Jaime Luciano Balmes (18101848), Spanish ecclesiastic, eminent as a political writer and a philosopher |
| Henry Balnaves (1512?1579), Scottish politician and reformer |
| Hugh de Balsham (d. 1286), English churchman |
| Louis-Pierre Baltard (17641846), French architect and engraver |
| George Calvert, Baron Baltimore (c. 15801632), English statesman |
| Thomas Baltzar (d. 1663), German violinist |
| Jean Balue (c. 14211491), French Cardinal and minister of Louis XI. |
| Étienne Baluze (16301718), French scholar |
| Honoré de Balzac (17991850), French novelist |
| Jean Louis Guez de Balzac (15971654), French author |
| Ludwig Bamberger (18231899), German economist and politician |
| Samuel Bamford (17881872), English labour politician |
| John Bampton (c. 16901751), English divine |
| Sir Frederick George Banbury (18501936), British politician |
| Adriano Banchieri (15681634), Bolognese composer for church and stage, organist, writer on music and poet
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