| Nero (37–68), Roman Emperor |
| Nerva (c. 30–98), Roman Emperor |
| Gérard de Nerval (1808–1855), French man of letters |
| William Eden Nesfield (1835–1888), British architect |
| Nesle, old feudal French family |
| Karl Robert Nesselrode (1780–1862), Russian diplomatist and statesman |
| Victor Ernst Nessler (1841–1890), German musical composer |
| Nestor (c. 1056–1113), reputed author of the earliest Russian chronicle |
| Nestorius (fl. 428), Syrian ecclesiastic |
| Olga Nethersole (1870?–1951), English actress |
| Gaspar Netscher (1635/6–1684), German portrait and genre painter |
| Alfred François Nettement (1805–1869), French journalist and author |
| Henry Nettleship (1839–1893), English classical scholar |
| Richard Lewis Nettleship (1846–1892), English philosopher |
| Theodore Stephen, Baron von Neuhof (c. 1690–1756), German adventurer |
| Karl Friedrich Neumann (1793–1870), German orientalist |
| Melchior Neumayr (1845–1890), German palæontologist |
| Alphonse Marie de Neuville (1835–1885), French painter |
| Lady Dorothy Nevill (1826–1913), English writer |
| Neville, family name of a famous English noble house |
| George Neville (c. 1433–1476), Archbishop of York and Chancellor of England |
| Ralph Neville (d. 1244), Bishop of Chichester and Chancellor of England |
| Sir Ralph Neville (1848–1918), English judge |
| John Williamson Nevin (1803–1886), American theologian and educationalist |
| David Leslie, Lord Newark (1601–1682), Scottish general |
| John Strong Newberry (1822–1892), American geologist |
| Sir Henry John Newbolt (1862–1938), English author |
| Dukes of Newcastle |
| Simon Newcomb (1835–1909), American astronomer |
| Matthew Newcomen (c. 1610–1669), English nonconformist divine |
| Thomas Newcomen (1663–1729), English engineer |
| Sir Roger Newdigate (1719–1806), English antiquary |
| Robert Henry Newell (1836–1901), American author |
| John Alexander Reina Newlands (1837–1898), English chemist |
| Francis William Newman (1805–1897), English scholar and miscellaneous writer |
| John Henry Newman (1801–1890), English Cardinal |
| William Newmarch (1820–1882), English economist and statistician |
| Alfred Newton (1829–1907), English zoologist |
| Charles Thomas Newton (1816–1894), British archæologist |
| Ernest Newton (1856–1922), English architect |
| Hubert Anson Newton (1830–1896), American astronomer |
| Sir Isaac Newton (1642–1727), English natural philosopher |
| John Newton (1725–1807), English divine |
| John Newton (1823–1895), American general and engineer |
| Michel Ney, duc d’Elchingen (1769–1815), Marshal of France |
| Nicander (Second Century B.C.), Greek poet, physician and grammarian |
| Nicanor (First–Second Century), Greek grammarian |
| Niccolò Niccoli (c. 1364–1437), Italian humanist |
| Giovanni Battista Niccolini (1782–1861), Italian poet |
| Nicephorus, name of three emperors of the East |
| Saint Nicephorus (750–829), Byzantine historian and Patriarch of Constantinople |
| Nicephorus Callistus Xanthopoulos (c. 1256–c. 1335), last of the Greek ecclesiastical historians |
| Nichiren (1222–1282), Japanese Buddhist |
| John Nichol (1833–1894), Scottish man of letters |
| Saint Nicholas, Bishop of Myra, in Lycia |
| Nicholas, name of five popes, and one antipope |
| Nicholas (1841–1921), King of Montenegro and the Berda |
| Nicholas (1856–1929), Russian Grand Duke |
| Nicholas I. (1796–1855), Emperor of Russia |
| Nicholas II. (1868–1918), Tsar of Russia |
| Nicholas of Basel (d. 1397), prominent member of the Beghard community |
| Nicholas of Cusa (1401–1464), Cardinal, theologian and scholar |
| Nicholas of Lyra (c. 1270–1349), French commentator |
| Sir Edward Nicholas (1593–1669), English statesman |
| Henry Nicholas (c. 1501–c. 1580), founder of the sect called “the Family of Love” |
| John Nichols (1745–1826), English printer and author |
| Edward Williams Byron Nicholson (1849–1912), English scholar and librarian |
| Eliza Jane Poitevent Nicholson (1849–1896), American journalist |
| Henry Alleyne Nicholson (1844–1899), British scientist |
| John Nicholson (1822–1857), Anglo-Indian soldier and administrator |
| Meredith Nicholson (1866–1947), American writer |
| William Nicholson (1753–1815), English writer on natural philosophy |
| William Nicholson (1872–1949), English painter and engraver |
| William Gustavus, Baron Nicholson (1845–1918), British field-marshal |
| Nicias (d. 414 B.C.), a soldier and statesman in ancient Athens |
| Nicias (Fourth Century B.C.), Attic painter |
| James Nicol (1810–1879), Scottish geologist |
| William Nicol (1770–1851), Scottish physicist |
| Friedrich Nicolai (1733–1811), German author and bookseller |
| Otto Nicolai (1810–1849), German composer |
| Sir Nicholas Harris Nicolas (1799–1848), English antiquary |
| Nicolaus of Damascus (b. c. 64), Greek historian and philosopher of Damascus |
| Nicolay, name of a French family of Vivarais |
| John George Nicolay (1832–1901), American historical writer |
| Pierre Nicole (1625–1695), one of the most distinguished of the French Jansenists |
| Robert Nicoll (1814–1837), Scottish poet |
| Sir William Robertson Nicoll (1851–1923), Scottish Nonconformist divine and man of letters |
| Jean Nicolas Nicollet (1786–1843), French-American explorer |
| Richard Nicolls (1624–1672), American colonial governor |
| William Nicolson (1655–1727), English divine and antiquary |
| Nicomachus (fl. 100 A.D.), Neo-Pythagorean philosopher and mathematician |
| Nicomachus of Thebes (Fourth Century B.C.), Greek painter |
| Nicomedes I. (Third Century B.C.), King of Bithynia |
| Nicomedes II. (Second Century B.C.), Epiphanes, King of Bithynia |
| Nicomedes III. (First Century B.C.), Philopator, King of Bithynia |
| Giovanni Nicotera (1828–1894), Italian patriot and politician |
| Barthold Georg Niebuhr (1776–1831), German statesman and historian |
| Carsten Niebuhr (1733–1815), German traveller |
| Charles Henry Niehaus (1855–1935), American sculptor, of German parentage |
| Adolphe Niel (1802–1869), Marshal of France |
| Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz (1758–1841), Polish scholar, poet and statesman |
| Nicéphore Niépce (1765–1833), French physicist, and one of the inventors of photography |
| Juan Eusebio Nieremberg (1595–1658), Spanish Jesuit and mystic |
| Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900), German philosopher |
| Agostino Nifo (c. 1473–1545?), Italian philosopher and commentator |
| Nigel (d. 1169), Bishop of Ely, head of the exchequer |
| Florence Nightingale (1820–1910), English nurse |
| Publius Nigidius Figulus (d. 45 B.C.), Roman savant |
| Costantino Nigra (1828–1907), Italian diplomatist |
| Arthur Nikisch (1855–1922), Hungarian conductor |
| Athanasius Nikitin (fl. 1468–1474), Russian merchant, traveller and writer |
| Nikon (1605–1681), sixth Patriarch of Moscow, Russian reformer and statesman |
| Christine Nilsson (1843–1921), Swedish singer |
| Nimrod (1778–1843), English sportsman and sporting writer |
| Saint Ninian (fl. Fifth Century?), founder of a church at Whithorn |
| Ninus, in Greek mythology, the eponymous founder of Nineveh |
| Désiré Nisard (1806–1888), French author and critic |
| Louisa Nisbett (1812–1858), English actress |
| Nithard (d. c. 844), Frankish historian |
| William Maxwell, Earl of Nithsdale (1676–1744), Jacobite leader |
| Francesco Saverio Nitti (1868–1953), Italian statesman |
| Carl Immanuel Nitzsch (1787–1868), Lutheran divine |
| Gregor Wilhelm Nitzsch (1790–1861), German classical scholar |
| Robert Nivelle (1856–1924), French general |
| Louis Charles Barbon Mancini Mazarini, Duc de Nivernais (1716–1798), French diplomatist and writer |
| John Nixon (1815–1899), English mining engineer and colliery proprietor |
| Sir John Eccles Nixon (1857–1921), British general |
| Niẓāmī Ganjavī (1140/1–1202/3), Persian poet |
| Noah, tenth patriarch in direct descent from Adam |
| Noailles, great French family |
| Alfred Bernhard Nobel (1833–1896), Swedish chemist and engineer |
| Leopoldo Nobili (1784–1835), Italian physicist |
| Marcus Fulvius Nobilior (c. 231–after 178 B.C.), Roman general |
| Sir Andrew Noble (1831–1915), British physicist and artillerist |
| Charles Nodier (1780–1844), French author |
| Roden Berkeley Wriothesley Noel (1834–1894), English poet |
| Noetus (fl. c. 230 A.D.), presbyter of the church of Asia Minor |
| Guillaume de Nogaret (1260?–1313), Councillor and keeper of the seal to Philip IV. of France |
| Jakob Nöggerath (1788–1877), German mineralogist and geologist |
| Maresuke Nogi (1849–1912), Japanese general |
| James Nokes (d. c. 1692), English actor |
| Theodor Nöldeke (1836–1930), German Semitic scholar |
| Pierre de Nolhac (1859–1936), French scholar and author |
| Joseph Nollekens (1737–1823), British sculptor |
| Jean Antoine Nollet (1700–1770), French physicist |
| Nominoë (d. 851), Duke of Brittany |
| Nonius Marcellus (Fourth Century), Latin grammarian and lexicographer |
| Nonnus of Panopolis (Fourth–Fifth Century), Greek epic poet |
| Gerard Noodt (1647–1725), Dutch jurist |
| Gaius Norbanus (d. 82 B.C.), Roman politician, a seditious and turbulent democrat |
| Max Simon Nordau (1849–1923), German author and philosopher |
| John Norden (1548–1625?), English topographer |
| Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld (1832–1901), geographer and Arctic explorer |
| Charles Nordhoff (1830–1901), American journalist |
| Lillian Nordica (1857–1914), American operatic soprano |
| Carl Gustaf Nordin (1749–1812), Swedish statesman, historian and ecclesiastic |
| Earls and Dukes of Norfolk |
| Henry Norman (1858–1939), English journalist and author |
| Sir Henry Wylie Norman (1826–1904), Field-marshal and colonial governor |
| Constantine Henry Phipps, Marquess of Normanby (1797–1863), British statesman and author |
| Henry, Baron Norreys (c. 1525–1601), English noble |
| Frank Norris (1870–1902), American novelist |
| John Norris (1657–1711), English philosopher and divine |
| Sir John Norris (c. 1547–1597), English soldier |
| William Edward Norris (1847–1925), English novelist |
| Barons North |
| Sir Dudley North (1641–1691), English economist |
| Marianne North (1830–1890), English naturalist and flower-painter |
| Roger North (1651–1734), English lawyer and biographer |
| Sir Thomas North (1535–1601?), English translator of Plutarch |
| Earls and Marquesses of Northampton |
| Thomas George Baring, Earl of Northbrook (1826–1904), English statesman |
| Alfred Harmsworth, Viscount Northcliffe (1865–1922), British newspaper proprietor and statesman |
| James Northcote (1746–1831), English painter |
| Robert Henley, Earl of Northington (c. 1708–1772), Lord Chancellor of England |
| Earls and Dukes of Northumberland |
| John Dudley, Viscount Lisle, Earl of Warwick, and Duke of Northumberland (1502–1553), English noble |
| John Neville, Earl of Northumberland (c. 1430–1471), English soldier |
| Andrews Norton (1786–1853), American theologian |
| Caroline Elizabeth Sarah (Sheridan) Norton (1808–1877), English writer |
| Charles Bowyer Adderley, Baron Norton (1814–1905), English politician |
| Charles Eliot Norton (1827–1908), American scholar and man of letters |
| Thomas Norton (1532–1584), English lawyer, politician and writer of verse |
| George Goring, Earl of Norwich (1583?–1663), English soldier |
| Gustav Noske (1868–1946), German Socialist leader and former Republican Minister of National Defence |
| Nostradamus (1503–1566), French astrologer |
| Jean-Baptiste Nothomb (1805–1881), Belgian statesman and diplomat |
| Notker, name of frequent occurrence in the ecclesiastical history of the middle ages |
| Eliphalet Nott (1773–1866), American divine |
| Sir William Nott (1782–1845), English general |
| Earls of Nottingham |
| Charles Howard, Earl of Nottingham (c. 1536–1624), English Lord High Admiral |
| Novalis (Friedrich von Hardenberg) (1772–1801), German poet and novelist |
| Novatianus (c. Third Century), Roman presbyter |
| Ermete Novelli (1851–1919), Italian actor and playwright |
| Vincent Novello (1781–1861), English musician |
| Jean Georges Noverre (1727–1810), French dancer and ballet master |
| Alexander Nowell (c. 1507–1602), Dean of St. Paul’s, London |
| William Noy (1577–1634), English jurist |
| Alfred Noyes (1880–1958), English poet |
| Nubar Pasha (1825–1899), Egyptian statesman |
| Robert, Earl Nugent (1702–1788), Irish politician and poet |
| Numa Pompilius (753–673 B.C.), second legendary King of Rome |
| Numenius (fl. c. 150 A.D.), Greek philosopher |
| Marcus Aurelius Numerianus (d. 284), Roman Emperor |
| Pedro Nunes (1502–1578), Portuguese mathematician and geographer |
| Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca (c. 1490–1564), Spanish explorer |
| Gaspar Núñez de Arce (1834–1903), Spanish poet, dramatist and statesman |
| Thomas Nuttall (1786–1859), English botanist and ornithologist |
| Edgar Wilson (Bill) Nye (1850–1896), American humorist |
| Richard Oastler (1789–1861), English reformer |
| Titus Oates (1649–1705), English conspirator |
| Obadiah, name prefixed to the fourth of the Old Testament minor prophets |
| Adolf Oberländer (1845–1923), German caricaturist |
| Jérémie-Jacques Oberlin (1735–1806), Alsatian philologist and archæologist |
| Johann Friedrich Oberlin (1740–1826), German Protestant pastor and philanthropist |
| Alvaro Obregón (1880–1928), Mexican President |
| Fitz-James O’Brien (1828–1862), Irish-American poet and story-writer |
| William Smith O’Brien (1803–1864), Irish revolutionary politician |
| Julius Obsequens (Fourth Century?), Latin writer |
| Samson Occom (1723–1792), American Indian preacher |
| Ocellus Lucanus (Fifth Century B.C.), Pythagorean philosopher |
| Ochiltree, title in the Scottish peerage |
| Bernardino Ochino (1487–1564), Italian Reformer |
| Adolph Simon Ochs (1858–1935), American newspaper proprietor |
| Sir David Ochterlony (1758–1825), British general |
| Leonard Ochtman (1854–1934), American painter |
| Simon Ockley (1678–1720), English orientalist |
| Michael O’Clery (1575–1643), Irish chronicler |
| Daniel O’Connell (1775–1847), Irish statesman, known as “the Liberator” |
| Feargus O’Connor (1794–1855), Chartist leader |
| Thomas Power O’Connor (1848–1929), Irish statesman |
| Charles O’Conor (1804–1884), American lawyer |
| Octavia, name of two princesses of the Augustan house |
| Eugene O’Curry (1796–1862), Irish scholar |
| Odaenathus (Third Century), famous prince of Palmyra |
| Odescalchi-Erba, name of a Roman princely family of great antiquity |
| Odo (d. c. 736), King, or Duke, of Aquitaine |
| Odo (c. 860–898), King of the Franks |
| Odo of Bayeux (c. 1036–1097), Norman Bishop and English earl |
| Odoacer (c. 433–493), first barbarian ruler of Italy |
| Odofredus (d. 1265), Italian jurist |
| O’Donnell, name of an ancient and powerful Irish family |
| Henry Joseph O’Donnell (1769–1834), Spanish soldier |
| Edmund O’Donovan (1844–1883), British war-correspondent |
| William Rudolf O’Donovan (1844–1920), American sculptor |
| Odoric (c. 1286–1331), one of the chief travellers of the later middle ages |
| Jean François Oeben (1721–1763), French cabinet-maker |
| Johann Oecolampadius (1482–1531), German Reformer |
| Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger (1779–1850), Danish poet |
| Gustav Friedrich Oehler (1812–1872), German theologian |
| Georg von Oertzen (1829–1910), German poet and prose-writer |
| Friedrich Christoph Oetinger (1702–1782), German divine and theosophist |
| Offa, most famous hero of the early Angli |
| Offa (d. 796), King of Mercia |
| Jacques Offenbach (1819–1880), French composer of opéra bouffe |
| Aaron Ogden (1756–1839), American soldier |
| Ogier the Dane, hero of romance |
| John Ogilby (1600–1676), British writer |
| John Ogilvie (1578/9–1615), English Jesuit |
| Ogilvy, name of a celebrated Scottish family |
| James Oglethorpe (1696–1785), English general and philanthropist, the founder of the state of Georgia |
| Thomas, Baron O’Hagan (1812–1885), Lord Chancellor of Ireland |
| Theodore O’Hara (1820–1867), American poet and soldier |
| Bernardo O’Higgins (1778–1842), one of the foremost leaders in the Chilean struggle for independence |
| Georg Simon Ohm (1789–1854), German physicist |
| Georges Ohnet (1848–1918), French novelist and man of letters |
| Arnauld d’Oihénart (1592–1667), Basque historian and poet |
| Alonso de Ojeda (c. 1466–1515), Spanish explorer |
| John O’Keeffe (1747–1833), popular dramatist |
| Lorenz Oken (1779–1851), German naturalist |
| Okubo Toshimitsu (1830–1878), Japanese statesman |
| Shigenobu Ōkuma (1838–1922), Japanese statesman |
| Olaf, name of five kings of Norway |
| Olaf (d. 981), King of the Danish kingdoms of Northumbria and of Dublin |
| Olaus Magnus (1490–1557), Swedish ecclesiastic and author |
| Wilhelm Olbers (1758–1840), German astronomer |
| Sir John Oldcastle (d. 1417), English Lollard leader |
| Johan van Oldenbarneveldt (1547–1619), Dutch statesman |
| Anne Oldfield (1683–1730), English actress |
| John Oldham (1653–1683), English satirist |
| Thomas Oldham (1816–1878), British geologist |
| John Oldmixon (1673–1742), English historian |
| William Oldys (1696–1761), English antiquary and bibliographer |
| Adam Olearius (1603–1671), German traveller and orientalist |
| Oleg (d. 912), Prince of Kiev |
| Olen, semi-legendary Greek bard and seer, and writer of hymns |
| Olga (d. 969), wife of Igor, Prince of Kiev |
| Laurence Oliphant (1829–1888), British author |
| Margaret Oliphant (1828–1897), British novelist and historical writer |
| Gaspar de Guzmán, Count of Olivares (1587–1645), Spanish royal favourite and minister |
| Joaquim Pedro de Oliveira Martins (1845–1894), Portuguese writer |
| Isaac Oliver (c. 1566–1617), English miniature painter |
| Peter Oliver (1594–1648), English miniature painter |
| Juste Olivier (1807–1876), Swiss poet |
| Émile Ollivier (1825–1913), French statesman |
| Denison Olmsted (1791–1859), American man of science |
| Frederick Law Olmsted (1822–1903), American landscape architect |
| Richard Olney (1835–1917), American statesman |
| Olopan (fl. 635), first Christian missionary in China |
| Hermann Olshausen (1796–1839), German theologian |
| Olybrius (d. 472), Roman Emperor of the West |
| Queen Olympias (d. 316), mother of Alexander the Great |
| Olympiodorus, name of several Greek authors |
| Jean Julien d’Omalius d’Halloy (1783–1875), Belgian geologist |
| Omar (c. 581–644), the second of the Mahommedan caliphs |
| Omar Pasha (1806–1871), Turkish general |
| Omichund (d. 1767), Indian |
| Sir Erasmus Ommanney (1814–1904), British admiral |
| Omri, in the Bible, King of Israel |
| Onasander (First Century A.D.), Greek philosopher |
| Onatas (fl. Fifth Century B.C.), Greek sculptor |
| Juan de Oñate (1550–1626), first governor of New Mexico |
| O’Neill, name of an Irish family |
| Eliza O’Neill (1791–1872), Irish actress |
| Onesicritus (Fourth Century B.C.), one of the writers on Alexander the Great |
| Onomacritus (c. 530–480 B.C.), seer, priest and poet of Attica |
| Earl of Onslow, title borne by an English family |
| Arthur Onslow (1691–1768), English politician |
| Johannes Jacobus van Oosterzee (1817–1882), Dutch divine |
| Amelia Opie (1769–1853), English author |
| John Opie (1761–1807), English historical and portrait painter |
| Martin Opitz (1597–1639), German poet |
| Carl Albert Oppel (1831–1865), German palæontologist |
| Julius Oppert (1825–1905), German Assyriologist |
| Oppian, name of the authors didactic poems in Greek hexameters |
| Gaius Oppius (First Century B.C.), intimate friend of Julius Cæsar |
| House of Orange |
| Alcide Dessalines d’Orbigny (1802–1857), French palæontologist |
| Pupillus Orbilius (First Century A.D.), Latin grammarian |
| Orcagna (c. 1308–c. 1368), Italian painter, sculptor and architect |
| Sir William Quiller Orchardson (1832–1910), British painter |
| Ordericus Vitalis (1075–1143?), chronicler |
| Athanasy Lavrentevich Orduin-Nashchokin (1606–1680), Russian statesman |
| John Boyle O’Reilly (1844–1890), Irish-American politician and journalist |
| Max O’Rell (Paul Blouet) (1848–1903), French author and journalist |
| Francisco de Orellana (d. 1546), Spanish soldier, one of the conquerors of Peru and the first explorer of the Amazon River |
| Hans Konrad von Orelli (1846–1912), Swiss theologian |
| Johann Kaspar von Orelli (1787–1849), Swiss classical scholar |
| Nicole Oresme (c. 1320–1382), French Bishop |
| Mathieu Joseph Bonaventure Orfila (1787–1853), French toxicologist and chemist |
| John Foster, Baron Oriel (1740–1828), Irish politician
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