Also occas. pa. t. 5 substitute. [f. L. substitūt-, pa. ppl. stem of substituĕre, f. sub- SUB- 26 + statuĕre to set up (see STATUTE).]
† 1. trans. To appoint (a person) to an office as a deputy or delegate; occas. with compl. Obs.
1532. More, Confut. Tindale, Wks. 821/1. Yet can they not say nay, but that … he appointed saint Peter with other, and that they were all knowen heades. And they dyd also substytute other whyche were knowen heades also.
1564. Haward, Eutropius, X. Q viiib. They substituted vnder them .ii. Cesars.
1583. Stubbes, Anat. Abus., II. (1882), 71. These graue fathers … do substitute under them in euerie particular church a minister.
1583. Stocker, Civ. Warres Lowe C., IV. 28 b. Those … whom his Maiestie had substituted, to the generall Gouernement of the Countreis.
1594. Nashe, Unfort. Trav., Wks. 1904, II. 289. When death substitutes one frend his special baily to arrest another by infection.
1628. Digby, Voy. Mediterr. (Camden), 4. Substituting him Commander in chiefe in case of my death.
1639. Du Verger, trans. Camus’ Admir. Events, 183. A man of … authority … was substituted to the Guardianship of her children.
1712. Steele, Spect., No. 509, ¶ 4. If a Man of a great Genius could … substitute slower Men of Fidelity to transact the methodical part of his Affairs.
† b. To set up or appoint as a ruler or official in the place (stead, room) of another. Obs.
1555. Eden, Decades (Arb.), 113. They contended whether it were beste to substitute Nicuesa in his place.
1582. T. Watson, Centurie of Love (Arb.), 128. Ioue … substituted Ganimedes into her [sc. Hebe’s] office and place.
1596. Dalrymple, trans. Leslie’s Hist. Scot., I. 164. Emperour Domitian calling him vnto Jtalie substitute in his roume Julius Agricola.
a. 1619. Fotherby, Atheom., I. xiii. § 3 (1622), 138. The people should substitute him into his stead.
1639. Fuller, Holy War, III. xxv. 156. The Pope substituted John de Columna, a Cardinall, Legate in the place of Pelagius.
1722. De Foe, Plague (1884), 299. Neither did [these] go without substituting Curates … in their Places.
1831. Scott, Ct. Robt., xx. Who shall assure me that vows which were made to the Saxon Bertha, will be binding if a French Agatha be substituted in her stead?
† c. To depute, delegate. Obs.
1597. Shaks., 2 Hen. IV., I. iii. 84. But who is substituted ’gainst the French, I haue no certaine notice.
1700. Astry, trans. Saavedra-Faxardo’s Royal Polit., II. 13. Necessity obliging a Prince to substitute his power to several Ministers.
2. To put (one) in place of another.
a. const. in (occas. into) the place, stead, room of.
1588. Shaks., Tit. A., IV. ii. 159. And how … their Childe shall be aduaunc’d,… And substituted in the place of mine.
1597. Hooker, Eccl. Pol., V. lxvii. § 12. That Deitie which with the words of consecration abolisheth the substance of bread and substituteth in the place thereof my body.
1655. Fuller, Ch. Hist., I. v. 38. When the Golden Shields of King Solomon were taken away, Rehoboam substituted Shields of Brasse in their room.
1694. F. Bragge, Disc. Parables, iv. 138. By … substituting Him in our stead, to suffer, as the Representative of mankind, the punishment due to their iniquities.
1722. Wollaston, Relig. Nat., vi. 140. Let a man substitute himself into the room of some poor creature dejected with invincible poverty.
1776. Hawkins, Hist. Mus., I. 342. Martianus Capella, who … was the first that substituted the term Tones in the room of Modes.
1802. Paley, Nat. Theol., i. 7. The expression, ‘the law of metallic nature,’ may sound strange … to a philosophic ear, but it seems quite as justifiable as some others … such as the ‘law of vegetable nature,’… when it is substituted into the place of these.
1843. Bethune, Scott. Peasant’s Fire-side, 21. She could not at the time substitute any thing better in its stead.
b. Without const.
1620. T. Granger, Div. Logike, 300. Afterward hee substituteth the properties or powers thereof.
1697. Dryden, Virg. Georg., III. 599. Reject him, lest he darken all the Flock, And substitute another from thy Stock.
1798. Ferriar, Illustr. Sterne, ii. 51. Sterne has substituted a rich and beautiful chain of incidents.
1845. M. Pattison, Ess. (1889), I. 27. Chilperic had simply erased the word ‘theft’ from the parchment, and substituted that of ‘murder.’
1870. Jevons, Elem. Logic, xxii. 186. The reader by substituting various terms can easily make propositions.
† c. Const. to. Obs.
1681. Burnet, Hist. Ref., II. I. 107. Christ substituting the Eucharist to the Paschal Lamb, used such an Expression, calling it his Body.
1769. Goldsm., Hist. Rome, II. 148. His own life was very opportunely substituted to that against which he aimed.
1804. Med. Jrnl., XII. 409. Substitute mild, cooling, subacid applications … to his tonics and stimulants.
1817. Jas. Mill, Brit. India, II. V. vii. 591. The Rajah would gladly have seen the authority of the English substituted … to that of the Vizir.
1830. W. Taylor, Hist. Surv. Germ. Poetry, I. 112. In a few generations, the court of France had substituted the French to the Frankish tongue.
d. Const. for.
1674. Govt. Tongue, ii. 7. Tis sure he can substitute none for them that can equally conduce, either to his honor or interest.
1759. Goldsm., Bee, No. 1, ¶ 1. For real wit he is obliged to substitute vivacity.
1848. Dickens, Dombey, lxi. Jackson … used to mention that in training for the ring they substituted rum for sherry.
1878. Gladstone, Primer of Homer, 104. Sacrifice could not be substituted for duty, nor could prayer.
1910. Encycl. Brit., IX. 51/2. The local priesthoods, who substituted their own favourite god for Re.
e. Math. and Chem. (See SUBSTITUTION 5, 7.)
1737. Gentl. Mag., VII. 675/1. Whose Value being substituted in the aforesaid Equation.
1845. De Morgan, in Encycl. Metrop., II. 378/1. If in ψx we substitute αx for x.
1867. Bloxam, Chem., 23. The chemical equivalent of a metal expresses the weight which is required to be substituted for one part by weight of hydrogen in its compounds.
1885. Watson & Burbury, Math. Th. Electr. & Magn., I. 132. If before inversion we substitute for the charges at C1 and O2 their equivalent distributions on the plane XEX′.
3. Law. To nominate in remainder.
1560. Daus, trans. Sleidane’s Comm., 277 b. He had by legacie made his son Edward of .ix. yeres his heire, & after him had substituted his daughter Mary.
1726. in Nairne Peerage Evid. (1874). 34. The next heir descending of my own body which faillieing my other heirs substituted.
1765–8. Erskine, Inst. Law Scot., III. viii. § 21. In the case of a land-estate which is settled in a long series of heirs, substituted one after another.
1788. J. Powell, Devises (1827), II. 317. If there are no such persons, it shall not suspend the right of others, but they shall take as if no such persons were substituted.
4. To take the place of, replace. (orig. in pass.)
Now regarded as incorrect.
(a) 1675. Temple, Lett. to Williamson, Wks. 1731, II. 350. I hear Don Emanuel de Lyra is like to be … one of the Plenipotentiaries, and come in as substituted by the Duke de Villa Hermosa.
1770. Luckombe, Hist. Printing, 224. Double Pica … was … substituted by a new Letter.
1863. Life in South, II. 198. Good brandy being substituted by vile whiskey.
1875. Bennett & Dyer, trans. Sachs’ Bot., II. v. 529. The diagram may … be substituted … by a formula composed of letters and numbers.
1900. Archives Surg., XI. 275. The medicine was continued a few days longer, and then substituted by the iodide of potassium.
(b) 1778. [W. Marshall], Minutes Agric., 13 Sept. 1775. Let straw substitute this, if possible.
1855. Bain, Senses & Int., II. ii. § 16 (1864), 205. A means of judging how far touch can substitute sight.
1863. Oliver, Less. Bot. (1873), 162. Leafy stipules substituting true leaves.
1867. Athenæum, No. 2084. 442/1. Miss Hughes substituted Miss Oliver.
1899. Archives Surg., X. 138. That ‘varioloid’ substituted in Bath the ‘varicella’ which was common in Bristol.
5. intr. To act as a substitute.
1888. Advance (Chicago), 15 Nov. It was plain that the idea of substituting for Gertrude now thoroughly possessed her.
1913. Cavalier, 23 Aug., 212/1. She is too busy now to look out for them, so I substitute.
