IN literature as in statesmanship, Castelar was easily the greatest Spaniard of the nineteenth century. He was a man of universal sympathy. His intellect took in the movement of his age, in his own country and in every other. He knew the history of American politics better than most Americans, and few Englishmen were equal to him in his knowledge of the great masterpieces of English literature. His whole life was a strenuous struggle for progress. He was born at Cadiz, September 8th, 1832. One of the Republican leaders in the rising of 1866, he fled from Spain; but returning after a brief exile, he became minister of foreign affairs in 1873 and later in the same year chief executive of Spain. His history, “Civilization in the First Five Centuries of the Christian Era,” appeared in 1865, and he followed it with numerous volumes, many of which were translated into English and widely read. He died in 1899. His style as an essayist is admirable.