Chem. Combining form of chlorine, chloride, chloric, chlorous, used (chiefly before a consonant) in forming names of chlorine compounds and substitution products: see CHLOR-2.
a. esp. in names of substitution products formed by the action of chlorine on other bodies specified; e.g., Chlorobenzene, formed from benzene by the substitution of one or more chlorine atoms for hydrogen atoms; so chloro-benzamide, -benzide, -benzil, -benzoic, etc.; chlorocyanamide, -cyanilide; chloro-ethane; chloromethane, -methyl, etc.; chloropropionic, etc.; chloroproteic; chloroquinone; chlorosalicin; chlorotoluene; chlorovaleric, etc.
b. Chloro-aurate, a compound of chloride of gold with a basic chloride or a hydrochlorate; chlorobromide, a compound containing chlorine and bromine in union with a metal or organic radical, as chlorobromide of silver; chlorobromiodide, a similar compound containing chlorine, bromine and iodine; chlorobromoform, a liquid (H C Cl2 Br) intermediate between chloroform (H C Cl3) and bromoform (H C Br3); chlorocarbonic acid, a synonym of Carbonyl chloride or Phosgene gas (CO Cl2); chlorochloric, name given to a supposed acid, of composition Cl6 O13; chlorochromate, a salt of chlorochromic acid, an oxychloride of chromium (CO2 Cl2); chlorocyanic acid, early name of cyanogen chloride, CN Cl; chlorohydric, etc., chloroiodide: see CHLOR-2; chloromanganese, commercial name of manganese chloride, used as a disinfectant; chloromercurate, a compound of mercuric chloride with a basic metallic chloride or a hydrochlorate; chloropalladate, a compound of chloride of palladium analogous to the prec.; chloro-perchloric, name of an acid of supposed structure Cl6 O17; chloropicrin, a colorless oily liquid formed by distilling picric acid with chloride of lime; chloroplatinate, a compound of tetrachloride of platinum, analogous to chloro-aurates; so chloroplatinous a.; chlorostannate, a similar compound of chloride of tin; chlorosulphuric acid, old name of sulphuryl chloride.
1873. Watts, Fownes’ Chem., 417. Auric chloride combines with a number of metallic Chlorides, forming a series of double salts, called *Chloro-aurates. Ibid., 813. *Chlorobenzoic Acid treated with sodium amalgam and water is converted into benzoic acid. Ibid., 427. The *chlorobromide is prepared by treating tetrammonio-platinous chloride with bromine.
1881. Athenæum, 15 Jan., 98/3. On some *Chlorobromiodides of Silver. Ibid. (1882), 16 Dec., 818/2. The author has detected carbon tetrabromide, bromoform, and *chlorobromoform.
1819. J. G. Children, Chem. Anal., 7. Acid Gases … hydrochloric, carbonic and *chlorocarbonic acids.
1826. Henry, Elem. Chem., I. 363. Chloro-carbonic acid has an intolerably pungent odour, and excites a copious flow of tears.
1876. Harley, Mat. Med., 138. Euchlorine, an explosive yellow gas, composed of a mixture of chlorine and *chlorochloric acid.
1854. Ronalds & Richardson, Chem. Technol., I. 371. We have heard that *chlorochromic acid has been dispensed with in the purification of the paraffine.
1871. trans. Schellen’s Spectr. Anal., 434. The absorption spectrum of the vapor of chlorochromic anhydride.
1819. J. G. Children, Chem. Anal., 323. *Chlorocyanic acid was first observed by Berthollet, and called by him ‘oxyprussic acid.’
1873. Watts, Fownes’ Chem., 579. *Chloroethane is often called Hydrochloric ether.
1856. Kane, Arct. Expl., II. xi. 34. A *chlorohydrated tincture.
1848. Dana, Zooph., 714. Dissolved in *chlorohydric acid.
1853. R. Hunt, Man. Photogr., 246. The *chloroiodide of lime may be formed in the same manner.
1884. Health Exhib. Catal., 63/1. *Chloromanganese … Camphoric Antiseptico, Salicylic Acid.
1873. Watts, Fownes’ Chem., 549. Chlorine and Methane, exposed to diffuse daylight, yield the compound called *chloromethane or methyl-chloride.
1843. Graves, Clinical Med., 33. The chlorure platinosopotassique now considered as a compound of chloroplatinous acid, and the chlorobase of potassium, must then be called *chloroplatinate of potassium.
1854. Orr’s Circ. Sc., Chem., 333. The chloroplatinate of ammonia … is a yellow salt.
1873. Watts, Fownes’ Chem., 422. Double salts called platino-chlorides or chloro-platinates.
1847–9. Todd, Cycl. Anat., IV. 164. This substance [i.e., Chlorite of protein] is sometimes called *Chloroproteic acid.
1873. Watts, Fownes’ Chem., 444. Stannic chloride forms with alkaline earth-metals, crystalline double-salts, called Stanno-chlorides or *Chlorostannates.
1826. Henry, Elem. Chem., I. 401. Some chemists have … proposed to call it the *chloro-sulphuric acid.
c. Also in some names of minerals containing chlorine; as Chlorocalcite [CALCITE], a native chloride of calcium from Vesuvius; named 1872 (Dana); Chlorothionite [Gr. θεῖον sulphur], a doubtful mixture of chloride of copper and sulphate of potassium from Vesuvius; named 1873.
