Chem. Combining form of chlorine (chloric, chloride, and chlorous) used (chiefly before a vowel) in forming names of chlorine compounds. Like the fuller form CHLORO-, prefixed chiefly to the names of compound bodies (with the adjectives, etc., belonging to them) in order to form the names of new compounds due to the action of chlorine upon the former. Most of these are substitution products, in which chlorine takes the place of hydrogen, the nature of which is indicated by the remainder of the word; e.g., Chloracetic, name of acids derived from Acetic acid, by substitution of 1, 2, or 3 atoms of chlorine for hydrogen, giving mono-, di-, tri-chloracetic acids, respectively. Similarly, chlorace·tal, chloraceta·mic, chlora·cetamide, chlora·cetate, chlora·cetone, chlora:cetoni·tril, chlora·cetyl, chlora·ldehyde, chloraloïd, chloraloïn, chlo·ramide, chlora·mylal (produced by the action of chlorine on amyl alcohol), chlora·nil, -anila·mic, -a·nilamide, ani·lic, -a·niline, etc.; chlorani·sic, chloretha·ne, chlorethe·ne, chlorisa·mic, -isa·tic, -i·satin, etc.
b. Also Chloracid, ‘an acid in which chlorine is supposed to play the part of acidifying principle (Syd. Soc. Lex.); Chloralbin, a crystalline substance (C6 H6 Cl2) obtained in white needles by passing chlorine through coal-tar; Chloralum, a disinfecting agent, consisting of aluminium chloride and sulphide with some impurities; Chloraluric (acid), an acid produced by the action of chlorous acid on uric acid; † Chlorare, a name proposed by Mansfield, along with analogous forms in -ere, -ire, -ore, -ure, for a compound of chlorine with 1, 2, 3, etc., atoms of oxygen; Chloraurate: see CHLORO-AURATE in CHLORO-2; Chlorazol, an oily fluid obtained by treating albumen with nitric and hydrochloric acids; Chlorhydrate, a salt of Chlorhydric acid = Hydrochloric acid (H Cl); Chlorhydrin, a chlorhydric ether of glycerin, analogous to bromhydrin; of these there is a long series; Chlorhydrosulphuric acid, SO3 H Cl, formed by union of SO3, with chlorhydric acid; Chloriodic, combining chlorine and iodine, as chlorio·dic acid, an old name for iodine chloride; Chloriodide, a compound of chlorine and iodine with an organic radical, as chloriodide of ethylene, C2 H4 I Cl; Chloriodoform (HC Cl2 I), a transparent pale yellow fluid, intermediate between chloroform and iodoform, being chloroform in which one atom of chlorine is replaced by iodine.
1850. Daubeny, Atom. The., vii. (ed. 2), 193. This liquid [vinegar] exposed along with dry chlorine to the action of the sun’s rays, is converted into an acid called the chloracetic.
1873. Watts, Fownes’ Chem., 744. Phosphorus pentachloride converts aldehydes into chloraldehydes.
1888. Wine, Spirit & Beer, 8 March, 186/1. They endeavoured to bring it round by the drastic remedy of chloralum and permanganate of potash.
1847. Nat. Encycl., I. 655. Chloramylal … an oily yellow liquid, the result of the action of chlorine on amyl.
1865. Mansfield, Salts, 143. In Hypochlorous Acid, Cl O (Chlorare). Ibid. ‘Chlorous Acid,’ Cl O2 (Chlorire).
1878. Kingzett, Anim. Chem., 96. Acting on ammonia with chlorethylsulphurous acid.
1880. Times, 9 Oct., 10/3. He applies to painted decorations … chlorhydrate of ammonia [etc.].
1860. All Y. Round, No. 43. 391. He submits it to the action of chlorhydric acid.
1869. Roscoe, Elem. Chem., 386. Heated with hydrochloric acid, glycerin forms compounds termed chlorhydrins.
1831. T. P. Jones, Convers. Chem., xxiv. 252. With oxygen [Iodine] produces iodic acid, and with chlorine chloriodic acid.
1873. Watts, Fownes’ Chem., 624. Iodoform, distilled with phosphorus pentachloride is converted into chloriodoform.
1850. Daubeny, Atom. The., vii. (ed. 2), 193–4. A compound called isatine, derived from the oxidation of Indigo, and two substances called chlorisatine and bichlorisatine, produced from it by the substitution either of 1 or 2 atoms of chlorine for 1 or 2 of hydrogen.
c. Mineralogy. Chloraluminite, ‘a hydrous chloride of aluminium, discovered at Vesuvius in the lava of 1873’ (Dana); Chlorapatite, a variety of APATITE, containing chlorine; Chlormagnesite, a native chloride of magnesium from Vesuvius.
1875. in Amer. Jrnl. Sc., Ser. III. X. 481. Chloraluminite.
1868. Dana, Min., 531. Fluor-apatite; chlor-apatite.
