v. Pa. t. and Pa. pple. brought. Forms: Inf. 1 bringan, brengan, 25 bringen, 36 bringe, bryngen, 46 brynge, 47 bryng, 4 bring, (3 bringhe, brynke, 34 brengen, 45 breng, 5 bryngyn). Pa. t. 13 bróhte, 2 brochte, 3 broȝte, brouhte, 4 brouȝt(e, broȝt, broht, browȝt, browghte, (brohut), 46 broughte, 47 broght, 5 browte, 4 brought, (6 brohute, Spenser braught, 6 Sc. brocht, 9 dial. brong, brung). Pa. pple. 14 bróht, 3 broucht, 34 ybroȝt, ibrouȝt, 4 brout, browt, browht, brouȝt, brouht, 45 broȝt, (brouth), 46 broght, ybrought, 5 ibrowghte, (bryght), 56 browght, broughte, 4 brought, (6 browte, ibrout, browth, 6 Sc. brocht, 9 dial. brung). [Common Teut.: OE. bring-an, bręngean (pa. t. bróhte, pple. bróht), corresp. to OFris. branga, bringa, OS. brengian, bringan (MDu. brenghen, Du. brengen), OHG. bringan (MHG. and mod.G. bringen), Goth. briggan (= bringan), pa. t. brâhta, pple. brâhts. Beside the type bring-an, the Saxon group has also *brangjan, bręngian, bręngean, bręngan, app. after pankjan; from bringan, OE. had also a rare strong pa. pple. brungen (mod. dial. brung), to which later dialects have added a strong pa. t., so as to conjugate, bring, brang, brung. The stem is not known outside of Teutonic.]
I. Simply.
1. To cause to come along with oneself; to fetch. It includes lead or conduct (F. amener) as well as carry (F. apporter); it implies motion towards the place where the speaker or auditor is, or is supposed to be, being in sense the causal of come; motion in the opposite direction is expressed by take (Fr. emmener, emporter).
a. by carrying or bearing in ones hand, etc.
c. 950. Lindisf. Gosp., John ii. 8. Dæleð nu & brengeð ðæm aldormen.
c. 1175. Lamb Hom., 101. Ða ileafullen brohton heore gersum.
c. 1200. Trin. Coll. Hom., 47. Hie brohte þat child mid hire in to þe temple.
a. 1225. Ancr. R., 114. Ne brouhten heo him to presente ne win, ne ale, ne water.
a. 1300. Cursor M., 21588. To rome men suld a-noþer [del of cros] breng.
1340. Ayenb., 211. Þe messager þet none lettres ne brengþ.
1526. Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W., 1531), 14. They solde theyr possessyons, and brought the pryce therof.
1697. Dryden, Virg. Georg., III. 16. I shall in Triumph come From conquerd Greece, and bring her Trophies home.
1728. Pope, Dunciad, II. 383. The ponderous books two gentle readers bring.
1839. Thirlwall, Greece, I. 335. He was to bring his shield home, or to be borne upon it.
1885. H. O. Forbes, Nat. Wand., III. viii. 258. The flotsam harvest which the river was continually bringing down.
b. by leading, conducting, propelling, etc.
a. 1000. Beowulf, 1829 (Gr.). Ic ðe þusenda þeʓna bringe.
c. 1175. Cott. Hom., 221. God þa hine brohte into paradis.
c. 1250. Gen. & Ex., 737. Ðu fare to a lond ic ðe sall bringen hin.
a. 1300. Cursor M., 3832. His doghtur yonder Bringand his beistes till þe well. Ibid., 5182. Ha yee broght him wit you hider?
1526. Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W.), 38 b. Brynge me here ye wyldest bull that is.
156573. Cooper, Lat. Dict., Subducere naues, to draw or bring ships to land.
1631. Heywood, Fair Maid W., I. III. i. Theres a prize Brought into Falmouth Road.
1747. Carte, Hist. Eng., I. 192. These two princes, bringing with them a number of their vassals.
1884. Black, Jud. Shaks., xxxiii. The horses were now brought round.
1885. H. O. Forbes, Nat. Wand., III. viii. 258. At length a bend of the river brought me in sight of the European quarter of the city.
c. as by an attractive force.
c. 1300. Beket, 488. The Kynges coronement that so moche folc ibroȝte there.
1697. Dryden, Virg. Georg., IV. 644. What Buisness brought thee to my dark Abode?
1857. Buckle, Civiliz., xiv. 844. For mere purposes of social enjoyment men were brought into contact, who had nothing in common.
Mod. What brings him here?
† 2. To convoy, escort, accompany (a person) on his way. Obs. exc. dial.
c. 1450. Merlin, i. 20. He brought the on wey hider-warde a grete part.
1599. Shaks., Much Ado, III. ii. 3. Ile bring you thither my Lord, if youl vouchsafe me.
1611. Tourneur, Ath. Trag., II. ii. 48. The skie is dark; well bring you oer the fields.
1611. Bible, Gen. xviii. 16. Abraham went with them, to bring them on the way.
1862. Barnes, Rhymes Dorset Dial., I. 18, note. To bring woone gwain: to bring one going; to bring one on his way.
3. To bring an answer, word, tidings, etc.
c. 1000. Genesis, 651 (Bosw.). He ða bysene from Gode brungen hæfde.
a. 1300. Cursor M., 3965. Þe messagers him broght answar. Ibid., 17920. Comen am I Bodeworde of him for to bryng.
c. 1440. Syr Gener., 2195. They brought hym word ayenward thei were comyng.
a. 1500[?]. Adam Bel, 441, in Ritson, A. P. P., 22. He shall you breng worde agayn.
1590. Shaks., Com. Err., IV. iii. 37. I brought you worde an houre since that the Barke Expedition put forth to night.
1651. Proc. in Parl., No. 83. 1274, Advt. The party that brings tidings of him.
1864. Tennyson, Sea Dreams, 258. She brought strange news.
† b. ellipt. = Bring word, report. Obs.
1602. Shaks., Ham., V. ii. 204. Young Osric, who brings back to him, that you attend him in the hall. Ibid. (1606), Ant. & Cl., IV. xiii. 10. Hence Mardian, And bring me how he takes my death to th Monument.
4. fig., and in such expressions as to bring tears into the eyes, a blush to the cheek, etc.
a. 1000. Metr. Boeth., xi. 59. Winter bringeð weder unʓemet cald.
c. 1200. Trin. Coll. Hom., 258. He mai blisse bringe.
1382. Wyclif, Jer. xlv. 5. Y shal bringe euel vp on eche flesh, seith the Lord.
1535. Coverdale, Ps. xlv[i]. 8. What destruccions he hath brought vpon ye earth.
1752. Johnson, Rambl., No. 207, ¶ 2. Every hour brings additions.
1849. Thackeray, Pendennis, cxxxiv. Those lines brought tears into the Duchesss eyes.
1850. Tennyson, In Mem., ii. The seasons bring the flower again, And bring the firstling to the flock.
1871. Morley, Voltaire (1886), 21. To persuade us that the occasion invariably brings the leader whom its conditions require.
b. of things or actions bringing their results or consequences: To cause one to have, to procure.
c. 1450. Merlin, xiv. 229. A thynge that brought hym more mys-ese.
1577. Hanmer, Anc. Eccl. Hist. (1619), 273. A pillar resembling the forme of a crosse bringing great admiration to the beholders.
1580. Baret, Alv., B 1302. Liberall studies bring refuge and comfort in aduersitie.
1598. Shaks., Merry W., V. v. 243. Cursed houres Which forced marriage would have brought vpon her.
1736. Butler, Anal., I. iii. Rashness and wilful folly, bringing after them many inconveniences and sufferings.
1832. Tennyson, Millers Dau., 229. The loss that brought us pain.
† 5. To deduce, derive, infer. Obs.
1591. Shaks., 1 Hen. VI., II. v. 77. Whereas hee From Iohn of Gaunt doth bring his Pedigree.
1605. Camden, Rem. (1637), 73. Hadrian, Lat. Gesner bringeth it from the Greeke Αδρὸς, Grosse or wealthy.
1692. Ray, Disc., III. v. (1732), 376. I shall bring them from higher or more remote causes.
1713. Swift, Cadenus & V., Wks. 1755, III. II. 12. Conclusions From premisses erroneous brought.
6. To prefer or lay (a charge or accusation); to institute, set on foot (an action at law); to advance, adduce (a statement or argument.
c. 1000. Ags. Gosp., John xviii. 29. Hwylce wrohte bringe ʓe onʓean þysne man.
1382. Wyclif, ibid. What accusing brynge ȝe aȝens this man?
1574. trans. Littletons Ten. A write of right that a man bringeth.
1663. Pepys, Diary, 14 June. Sir J. Minnes brought many fine expressions of Chaucer.
a. 1715. Burnet, Own Time, II. The story he had sworn against the queen: which he brought only to make it probable that Wakeman was in it.
1767. Blackstone, Comm., II. 197. If he puts in his claim and brings his action within a reasonable time. Ibid. (1768), III. III. 121. An indictment may be brought as well as an action.
1802. Mar. Edgeworth, Mor. Tales (1816), I. xiii. 104. Arguments brought by his companions in their masters justification.
1875. Jowett, Plato (ed. 2), I. 316. He brings a wonderful accusation against me.
b. To bring home: see HOME.
1795. Nelson, in Nicolas, Disp., II. 104. I demand that the person do fully, and expressly bring home his charge.
1871. R. H. Hutton, Ess. (1877), I. 34. The import of his action is brought home to him with the most vivid conviction.
7. † a. = Bring forth: to give birth to, bear. b. = Bring in: to produce, yield, fetch.
1523. Fitzherb., Husb., § 66. The damme of the calfe shall brynge an other by the same time of the yere.
1535. Coverdale, Habb. iii. 17. The londe shall bringe no corne.
1664. Butler, Hud., II. I. 466. What is Worth in any thing But so much money as twill bring?
1779. Johnson, Waller, L. P., 224. Written when she had brought many children.
1795. Southey, Joan of Arc, II. 141. At one birth She brought the brethren.
c. To bring into the world: to give birth to.
1607. Shaks., Cor., V. iii. 125. Thy Mothers wombe That brought thee to this world.
1848. S. Bamford, Early Days, i. 27. I was brought into the world on the 28th day of February.
8. fig. To cause to come from, into, out of, to, etc., a certain state or condition, or to be or do something; to cause to become.
Especially with prepositional and other phrases which are used also with come and be, and other verbs, most of which will be found under the sb. or other word in question.
a. with on, in (obs.), into:
as to bring in good estate, debt, a plight; in dread, fear, in or on sleep (later a-sleep; see e.); in doubt, in hate, in question, in wit; on day (= to light), in or on lifes day (= to life); into bands, difficulties, trouble; into action, harmony, contact, shape, etc.
1297. R. Glouc., 491. The King adde Normandie in god stat ibrouȝt al.
a. 1300. Cursor M., 615. In bale he broght vs and in care.
1387. Trevisa, Higden, II. 403. Pelias brouȝte Iason in witte [suadet Jasoni] for to fette þe goldene flees. Ibid. (1398), Barth. De P. R., VI. iv. (1495), 191. Nouryces brynge the chyldren softely on slepe.
c. 1400. Destr. Troy, 13804. He was drecchit in a dreame, & in dred broght.
1535. Coverdale, Judg., Contents xvi. Dalila bryngeth him in dotage.
15516. Robinson, trans. Mores Utop. (Arb.), 33. You shall bryng your selfe in very good case.
1593. Hooker, Eccl. Pol., I. x. § 9. To bring themselves into hatred.
1596. Spenser, F. Q., VI. XII. xxxix. Yet none of them could ever bring him into band.
1602. W. Watson, Decacorden, 260. Brought many of them into bands and other great dangers.
1736. Butler, Anal., I. iv. Persons by a course of vice, bring themselves into new difficulties.
1818. Cruise, Digest, II. 402. It hath formerly been attempted to be brought in question.
1854. H. Vicars, in Memorials, viii. 162. Every thought brought into obedience to him.
1863. E. V. Neale, Anal. Th. & Nat., 191. All others, with which it is brought into accordance.
b. with from, of, out of:
as † to bring of, out of, life or lifes day (formerly o lifes dawe, o dawe, adaw, corruptly on daw: cf. ADAW v.) = to kill; out of order, shape, tune; out of patience, temper.
a. 1300. Cursor M., 1072. Wid murther he broght his broþer o lijf. Ibid., 5096. Þis hunger tide þat sal bath mani man and wijf bring o þair lijf. Ibid., 7808. Þat i suld him bring o dau [Fairf. on liues dawe]. Ibid., p. 990 Resurr., 356. We wend þat he alle Israel of woo suld haf broght.
c. 1305. Jud. Iscariot, in E. E. P. (1862), 109. Ȝut were his fader betere habbe ibroȝt him of dawe. Ibid., St. Kenelm, 93, ibid., 50. If heo miȝte bringe þat child of lyfdawe.
1523. Ld. Berners, Froiss., I. ccxxvi. 301. They were discomfyted, and brought out of ordre by force of armes.
1530. Palsgr., 469/1. His great crammyng in of meate hath brought him out of shape. Ibid., 468/2. I can bring hym out of pacyence with the waggyng of a strawe.
1533. Elyot, Cast. Helth (1541), 62. They bringe a man from the use of reason.
1600. Shaks., A. Y. L., III. ii. 262. Thou bringst me out of tune.
c. with to:
as to bring to a close, end, head, issue, pitch; to bearings, cure, rights; to death, hardness, idleness, mischief, nought, obedience, shame; to account, book, hand, light, trial; to mind, reason, recollection, remembrance; to bed (see BED 6 c); to oneself (= to ones senses).
c. 1175. Lamb. Hom., 103. Þan men to deþe bringeð.
c. 1230. Hali Meid., 15. Þat ti wil were ibroht to werke.
1297. R. Glouc., 376. Þat hii nere to ssame ybroȝt.
a. 1300. Cursor M., 12759. His sermon Þat mani man broght to resun. Ibid., 20122. Þe seke brouȝte she to bedde [Cott. broght to þair bedd].
c. 1305. St. Lucy, in E. E. P. (1862), 101. Dame Entice hire moder þat hire to womman brouȝte.
c. 1340. Ayenb., 128. Þe holy gost þe seneȝere brengþ ayen to him-zelue.
c. 1374. Chaucer, Boeth., III. ii. 99. Alle thinges ben referred and browht to nowht.
c. 1440. Promp. Parv., 51. Brynge to mynde, reminiscor.
1530. Palsgr., 468/2. He fell in so great a swoune that we all had ynoughe a do to bring hym to hym selfe. Ibid., 470/1. Tyme bringeth the truth to lyght.
1535. Coverdale, Mark viii. 26. He was brought to right againe & sawe all clearly.
1611. Bible, Pref., 1. Certaine worthy men haue been brought to vntimely death.
1624. Massinger, Renegado, I. iii. Are you amazed? Ill bring you to yourself.
1651. Proc. Parl., No. 88. 1343. All things now seem to bee brought to a good head.
1711. Addison, Spect., No. 89, ¶ 1. He hoped that matters would have been long since brought to an Issue.
1715. De Foe, Fam. Instruct., I. vii. (1841), I. 136. You will never bring me to your beck.
1749. Fielding, Tom Jones, II. iv. Mrs. Partridge was, at length brought to herself.
1767. Blackstone, Comm., II. 89. Lest the guardian should have received the value, and not brought it to account.
1806. Canning, Fragm. Oration, 4. Im like a young lady just bringing to bed.
1839. Thirlwall, Greece, VII. lvi. 161. The prosecutors brought Demosthenes to trial first.
1865. Dickens, Mut. Fr., III. xv. Ill bring this young man to book.
1875. Jowett, Plato (ed. 2), I. 430. There is no greater pleasure than to have Socrates brought to my recollection.
1882. Stevenson, Men & Bks. (1886), 58. Jean was brought to bed of twins.
d. with under, upon:
as to bring under the hand of, under foot; upon ones knees, etc.
1535. Coverdale, Judg. iii. 30. Thus were the Moabites broughte vnder the hande of the children of Israel.
1552. Huloet, Bryng vnder obeysaunce or subiection.
1618. Bolton, Florus (1636), 121. For Antiochus thus brought under-foot.
1652. Proc. Parliament, No. 34. 2078. I hope a short time will bring them all upon their knees.
e. with adjs. and their equivalents:
as to bring acquainted, low; formerly also at one, clean, faulty, etc.
c. 1386. Chaucer, Knt.s T., 253. Oure lynage That is so lowe y-brought by, tyrannye.
a. 1400[?]. Morte Arth., 1093. I was of blysse i-browghte alle bare.
1523. Ld. Berners, Froiss., I. xii. 11. To the entent that he shuld bryng hym on that case fauty. Ibid. (c. 1530), Arth. Lyt. Bryt. (1814), 365. He brought aslepe who so ever he touched. Ibid. (1534), Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546), Gg vj b. I shall bryng thee at one with the Senate.
1668. Shadwell, Sullen Lov., I. i. Ill bring you acquainted with this Lady.
1677. Moxon, Mech. Exerc. (1703), 202. If you have not at first brought your Work clean.
1681. R. Knox, Hist. Ceylon, Pref. He will bring you acquainted with the Inhabitants.
1703. Savage, Lett. Antients, xlv. 110. The Distemper which brought you so low.
1870. Lowell, Study Wind., 93. Bringing men acquainted with every humor of fortune.
f. with subord. clause (obs.) or infinitive:
as to bring to be, bear, boil, to bring to pass (= bring about, cause to happen).
c. 1175. Lamb. Hom., 17. Bide for him þet crist hine bringe þet he icherre from þan uuelnesse.
a. 1300. Cursor M., 1578. Was nan þam moght bring to reclaim.
1535. Coverdale, Wisd. x. ii. Wyszdome brought to passe the thinges that he wente aboute.
1583. Stubbes, Anat. Abus., II. 100. If it could be brought to passe.
1690. Luttrell, Brief Rel. (1857), II. 70. Our men brought some of our guns to bear.
1719. De Foe, Crusoe (1840), I. viii. 136. I brought the plank to be about three inches thick.
1756. C. Lucas, Ess. Waters, I. 85. It is harder to bring the heavy acid of vitriol to boil.
9. To cause (a person or oneself) to come (to a certain course of action, etc.); to induce, persuade, prevail upon.
1611. Bible, Pref., 1. Certaine could not be brought for a long time to give way to good Letters.
1666. Pepys, Diary (1879), IV. 29. All children love fruit, and none brought to flesh, but against their wills at first.
1701. W. Wotton, Hist. Rome, Commod. i. 196. She could not bring her self to give Crispina the Precedence.
1839. Thirlwall, Greece, I. 209. They could not bring themselves to believe, that the divine bard [Homer] should have been ignorant of things [etc].
1846. D. Jerrold, Chron. Clovernook, Wks. 1864, IV. 412. A woman may be brought to forgive bigamy, but not a joke.
10. Naut. To cause to come or go into a certain position or direction; chiefly in phrases: To bring by the board (see BOARD sb. 12 b); by the lee (see LEE); to the wind (see WIND).
1695. Luttrell, Brief Rel. (1857), III. 437. The French had his main mast brought by the board before he struck.
1719. De Foe, Crusoe (1858), 200. Her main-mast and fore-mast were brought by the board, that is to say, broken short off.
1836. Marryat, Midsh. Easy, xix. Gascoigne went to the helm, brought the boat up to the wind.
1858. Merc. Mar. Mag., V. 293. I was awoke by the ship being brought to the wind.
III. Combined with adverbs. (See also sense 1, and the adverbs, for the non-specialized combinations.)
11. Bring about.
a. To cause to happen, bring to pass, occasion, accomplish, effect.
c. 1450. Merlin, i. 7. The deuell was right gladde that he hadde brought this a-bouten.
1480. Caxton, Chron. Eng., cciv. 186. Yf that thyng myght be brought aboute.
1530. Palsgr., 466/1. I bringe aboute my purpose.
1641. J. Jackson, True Evang. T., I. 12. To bring his ends, and designes about.
1753. World, No. 20. 107. Another proof of what people of fashion may bring about.
1848. Macaulay, Hist. Eng., I. 239. He had borne a chief part in bringing about the marriage.
1876. J. H. Newman, Hist. Sk., I. I. iii. 139. The atrocities of the Greeks brought about a retaliation from the Latins.
† b. To cause to come round or make a complete revolution; to complete. Obs.
1588. Shaks., L. L. L., V. ii. 808. There stay vntill the twelue Celestiall Signes Haue brought about their annuall reckoning. Ibid. (1593), 3 Hen. VI., II. v. 27. How many Houres brings about the Day.
c. To turn round; also fig. to reverse, convert.
1677. Moxon, Mech. Exerc. (1703), 181. A thin String would not so well bring heavy Work about.
1694. Echard, Plautus, 152. He [Jove] knows each man thats perjurd, or bribes his Judge to gain his cause; upon which, he brings it about i th upper Court.
a. 1745. Swift, Excell. New Song. Now my new benefactors have brought me about.
1841. Catlin, N. Amer. Ind. (1844), II. liii. 152. I had brought it [a canoe] about with a master hand.
d. To restore to consciousness, or to health, = bring round, a.
1854. Dickens, Hard Times (Tauchn.), 66. That will bring him about or nothing will.
12. Bring again.
a. See sense 1 and AGAIN.
† b. To restore to consciousness. Obs. Cf. to bring about, round, to.
1636. Ariana, 177. The rest laboured to bring mee againe, and by force of remedies I opened my eyes. Ibid., 320. They brought her againe with water they threw upon her.
13. Bring away.
a. See sense 1 and AWAY.
† b. To extricate, detach, free, deliver. Obs.
a. 1300. Cursor M., 16246. For þi stat þou aght to spek: to bring þi self a-wai.
14. Bring back.
To cause to return (to a place or state); to restore, recover, recall.
1662. Bk. Com. Prayer, Chas. Martyr. Yet didst thou at length by a wonderful providence bring him back.
1861. Earl Stanhope, Life W. Pitt, I. i. 42. I trust the country air will bring back her strength.
1864. Longf., Wayside Inn, Interl. to Torquem. This brings back to me a tale.
1886. Burton, trans. Arab. Nts. (abr. ed.), I. 286. I went out after him, and brought him back secretly to the city.
15. Bring down.
a. To cause to fall to the ground; to overthrow; to kill or wound (a flying bird, or other animal).
a. 1300. Cursor M., 63. Ar he sua brathly don be broght.
1535. Coverdale, Baruch v. 7. God is purposed to brynge downe all stoute mountaynes.
1798. Miller, in Nicolas, Disp. Nelson (1846), VII. p. clv. Zealous raked the Guerrier, brought down her foremast.
b. To cause (punishment, judgments, etc.) to alight on, upon.
1662. Bk. Com. Prayer, Chas. Martyr. The crying sins of this Nation, which brought down this heavy judgement upon us.
1865. Times, 2 Jan., 8/3. To bring down on themselves the hostility of the most powerful maritime State in the world.
c. fig. To lower, humble, abase.
1535. Coverdale, Ps. xvii[i]. 27. Thou shalt bringe downe the hye lokes of the proud.
1768. Sterne, Sent. Journ. (1778), II. 21. I could not bring down my mind to think of it.
1875. H. E. Manning, Mission H. Ghost, x. 279. Every thing that could be used to bring down his great constancy.
d. To reduce, lessen, lower (price); to simplify.
1596. Shaks., Merch. V., I. iii. 45. He lends out money gratis, and brings downe The rate of vsance here with vs in Venice.
1651. Proc. Parliament, No. 94. 1450. Which I hope will bring down the price of corn there.
1719. Swift, To Yng. Clergyman, Wks. 1755, II. II. 5. Terms brought down to the capacity of the hearer.
1748. Smollett, Rod. Rand., xii. 27. At last however she was brought down to five, which he paid.
e. To continue (information, etc.) to a later date (cf. Bring up k).
1881. Daily Tel., 27 Dec., 2/8. The annual abstract of the Sanitary Commissioner with the Government of India has just been issued. It brings down the information to June, 1881.
1885. Bookseller, July, 648/2. Information accurate and brought down to date.
f. To bring down the house, gallery, etc.: to evoke such demonstrative applause as threatens or suggests the downfall of the building.
1754. World, II. No. 76. 125. His apprehension that your statues will bring the house down.
1870. Lowell, Study Wind., 384. Every sentence brought down the house, as I never saw one brought down before.
1884. Symonds, Shaks. Predecessors, x. § x. 403. The interview must have brought down the gallery.
16. Bring forth.
a. To produce, give birth to bring into being, bear, yield (offspring; fruit, flowers, etc.; natural products; products, effects, results).
c. 1200. Ormin, 1937. Þær brohhte ȝho þatt wasstme forþ Off all unnwemmedd wambe.
a. 1225. Ancr. R., 134. Bringen vorð briddes.
1388. Wyclif, Ps. ciii. 14. And thou bringist forth hei to beestis.
c. 1440. Gesta Rom. (1878), 233. He had weddid to wyf a yonge gentilwoman, the whiche conseyuid, and browte forthe a faire sone.
c. 1440. Promp. Parv., 51. Brynge forthe frute, fructifico.
1526. Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W., 1531), 47 b. Ye tree neuer bryngeth forth floures ne fruytes, but fyrst it has borne & brought forth leues.
1535. Coverdale, Wisd. xix. 10. The grounde brought forth flyes in steade of catell.
1553. Eden, Treat. New Ind. (Arb.), 8. Places most apte to bring forth gold, spices, and precious stones.
c. 1600. Shaks., Sonn., xxxviii. Let him bring forth Eternal numbers to outlive long date. Ibid. (1605), Macb., I. vii. 72. Bring forth Men-Children onely.
161568. W. Lawson, New Orchard, 49. Young Heifers bring not forth Calves so fair as when they be come to be old kine.
1875. Jowett, Plato (ed. 2), V. 123. He never thought of what the future might bring forth.
† b. To bring up, rear, breed (animals). Obs.
c. 1305. St. Kenelm, 135, in E. E. P. (1862), 51. His norice þat him hadde ifed, & mid hire mulc forth ibroȝt.
c. 1400. Maundev., 72. The Sarazines bryngen forthe no Pigges.
c. 1430. Syr Gener., 879. From a childe she him forth broght.
† c. To utter, express; to put forth, adduce, advance. Obs.
a. 1300. Cursor M., 12138. To bring forth sli talking.
1382. Wyclif, Ecclus. xx. 29. A wys man in wrdis shal bringe forth hymself.
c. 1440. Promp. Parv., 51. Bryngyn forthe or shewyn forthe, profero.
1532. More, Confut. Tindale, Wks. 475/2. The places of Scripture whiche Helvidius broughte furth for the contrarye.
1606. Shaks., Tr. & Cr., I. iii. 242. If that he praisd himselfe, bring the praise forth.
1611. Bible, Isa. xli. 21. Bring foorth your strong reasons.
† d. To bring to light, or public view. Obs.
a. 1225. Ancr. R., 144. Euerich idel word bið þer ibrouht forð.
1599. Shaks., Hen. V., Prol. 10. On this vnworthy Scaffold to bring forth So great an Obiect. Ibid. (1601), Alls Well, V. iii. 151. To bring forth this discourie. Ibid. (1605), Macb., III. iv. 125. Augures and vnderstood Relations haue brought forth The secretst man of Blood. Ibid. (1606), Ant. & Cl., V. ii. 219. The quicke Comedians Extemporally will stage vs Anthony Shall be brought drunken forth.
17. Bring forward.
a. See sense 1 and FORWARD.
b. Building. See quot.
1823. P. Nicholson, Pract. Build., 417. Bringing forward is a term applied to priming and painting new wood added to old work, or old work which has been repaired, so that the whole shall appear alike when finished.
c. Book-keeping. To carry on a sum from the bottom of one folio to the top of another where the account is continued.
Mod. A clerkly error in the amount brought forward.
18. Bring in. a. See sense 1 and IN adv.
b. To introduce (customs, etc.).
c. 1384. Wyclif, De Eccl., Sel. Wks. III. 345. To assente wiþ suche falseheed bringiþ in ofte heresies.
1611. Bible, 2 Peter ii. 1. False teachers who priuily shall bring in damnable heresies.
1690. Locke, Govt., I. vi. § 58. Manners, brought in and continued amongst them.
1753. World, No. 10. Near two years ago the popish calendar was brought in.
c. To bring (money) into the purse or pocket.
1538. Bale, Thre Lawes, 1199. Thys crede wyll brynge in moneye.
1676. South, 12 Serm. (1692), 446 (J.). The sole measure of all his Courtesies is, what return they will make him, and what Revenue they will bring him in.
1814. Lett. fr. England, II. xxxviii. 165. And by the time they are seven or eight years old bring in money.
1855. D. Costello, Stories fr. Screen, 85. What does it bring you in? says she.
† d. To introduce, place (a person) in a position or station. Obs.
1604. Shaks., Oth., III. i. 53. He needs no other Suitor, but his likings to bring you in againe.
1676. Hatton Corr. (1878), 123. If his designe had succeeded of bringing in Sr Edward Deering.
1709. Tatler, No. 81, ¶ 9 (J.). Since he could not have a Seat among them himself, he would bring in one who alone had more Merit than their whole Assembly.
e. To introduce (an action into a court of law or a bill into Parliament).
1602. Manningham, Diary, 16 Dec. I brought in a moot with John Bramston.
1652. Proc. Parliament, No. 144. 2266. A day was appointed to bring in the Act.
1848. Macaulay, Hist. Eng., II. 121. He learned that a law, such as he wished to see passed, would not even be brought in.
1876. Trevelyan, Macaulay, II. ix. 133. Sergeant Talfourd brought in a measure devised with the object of extending the term of Copyright in a book to sixty years.
f. To introduce (into consideration, discussion); to adduce (by way of illustration, argument, etc.).
1602. Shaks., Lear, III. vi. 37. Ill see their trial first. Bring in the evidence.
1631. Weever, Anc. Fun. Mon., 122. I will bring in for example the Bells of the Parish Church of Winington.
1720. Swift, Lett. Yng. Clergym., Wks. 1735, I. 225 (J.). As to Quotations from antient Fathers, I think they are best brought in, to confirm some Opinion controverted by those who differ from us.
1847. L. Hunt, Men, Women, & Bks., I. iv. 87. Providence is to be brought in, humbly, when man comes to the end of his own humble endeavours.
† g. = Bring on; to lead to, cause. Obs.
1586. Cogan, Haven Health (1636), 98. Which sometime bringeth in fevers.
† h. To reduce to allegiance, or submission. Obs.
1596. Spenser, State Irel. (J.). Such a strong power of men, as should perforce bring in all that rebellious route and loose people.
i. See quot.
1753. Chambers, Cycl. Supp., s.v., Bringing in a horse, in the manege, is the keeping down his nose, when he boars, and tosses it up to the wind. A horse is brought in by a strong hard branch.
j. Of a jury: To bring in a verdict, hence colloq. to find as The jury brought him in guilty.
19. Bring off.
a. To bring away from (a position or condition); esp. by boat from a ship, wreck, the shore.
1656. H. More, Antid. Ath., II. ix. (1712), 68. That thence the atheist may be the more easily brought off to the acknowledgement of the existence of a God.
1676. Hobbes, Iliad, II. 183. Thus he the People brings Off from their purpose.
1701. Lond. Gaz., No. 3770/3. A Granadier swam over the River and brought off a Ferryboat.
1840. R. H. Dana, Bef. Mast, xxv. 79. Going ashore to bring off the Captain.
b. To deliver, rescue, acquit. arch.
[1297. R. Glouc. 379. Ȝyf God me wole grace sende, Vorto make my chyrchegon, & bringe me of þys bende.
c. 1300. Harrow. Hell, 61. Y shal the bringe of helle pyne.]
1606. Shaks., Tr. & Cr., V. vi. 25. Ile be tane too, Or bring him off.
1699. Bentley, Phal., 237. It will not bring Phalaris off; unless his Advocate can shew, [etc.].
1715. De Foe, Fam. Instruct., I. iv. (1841), I. 84. I cannot tell what you will say then to bring yourself off.
1751. Chesterfield, Lett. (1792), III. cclxx. 237. But let us see if we cannot bring off the author.
1863. Mrs. C. Clarke, Shaks. Char., xvi. 391. The injuring party is brought off triumphantly.
† c. To demonstrate, establish clearly. Obs.
1674. N. Fairfax, Bulk & Selv., 37. To bring it but cleverly off, how ten thousand years between should not be time between.
20. Bring on.
† a. To lead forward or on, conduct; to cause to advance, advance the growth of. Obs.
c. 1230. Hali Meid., 17. Þe stude & te time þat mahten bringe þe on mis for to donne.
1602. Shaks., Ham., III. i. 9. When we would bring him on to some Confession of his true state. Ibid. (1606), Ant. & Cl., III. ii. 44. The Aprills in her eyes, it is Loues spring, And these the showers to bring it on.
1621. Burton, Anat. Mel., I. ii. II. vi. (1651), 88. Voluntary idleness gently brings on like a siren, a shooing horn, or some sphinx to this irrevocable gulf.
Mod. We want a little more sun to bring the plants on.
b. To produce, cause (illness, a state of things).
1671. Milton, Samson, 373. These evils I myself have brought them on.
1766. Goldsm., Vic. W., xviii. This might have brought on a relapse.
1814. Wordsw., Excursion, I. 609. And poverty brought on a pettish mood And a sore temper.
1817. Jas. Mill, Brit. India, II. IV. v. 167. A battle was brought on.
Mod. A cold which brought on influenza.
c. To bring into formal consideration or discussion, introduce.
a. 1715. Burnet, Own Time, II. 197. Why must an attainder be brought on?
1878. Seeley, Stein, III. 322. Metternich announced his intention of bringing on the subject.
d. techn. To fasten, fix, join, weld together.
1691. T. H[ale], Acc. New Invent., 22. The Workmen were bringing on an ordinary Straits-sheathing with Wood upon one of his small Ships.
1852. A. Ryland, Assay Gold & S., 97. He found that the spoon and ladle were not made in one piece but that the parts bearing the marks were inserted, or brought on.
21. Bring out. (See also sense 1 and OUT.)
† a. To separate or detach (any one) from; to deprive, do (any one) out of. Obs.
c. 1400. Destr. Troy, 8633. And the lede with a launse out of lyue broght.
a. 1450. Knt. de la Tour (1868), 65. To bringe hem oute of her good name.
1462. Paston Lett., 456, II. 108. I have bought salt and other thyngs, whiche hathe brought me out of myche sylvir.
1623. Lisle, Ælfric on O. & N. T., Pref. 11. To bring the people out of love with the Bible.
† b. To produce, yield. Obs.
1545. Ascham, Toxoph. (Arb.), 93. The grounde is plentifull whiche bryngeth out corne.
1607. Shaks., Timon, IV. iii. 188. Enseare thy Fertile and Conceptious wombe, Let it no more bring out ingratefull man.
c. To express, utter.
1665. Boyle, Occas. Refl., IV. xv. (1675), 257. Any thing, how contrary soever to Piety, or right Reason if Men can bring it out neatly wrapt up in Raillery.
d. To bring into clearness, distinctness or prominence; to develop and display (talent).
1605. Shaks., Lear, V. iii. 163. That haue I done, And more, much more, the time will bring it out.
1693. Dryden, Juvenal, XIII. 288 (J.).
These shake his Soul, and, as they boldly press, | |
Bring out his Crimes; and force him to confess. |
1823. J. Badcock, Dom. Amusem., 39. The exact kind of preparation which is calculated to bring out the writing.
1832. Athenæum, 389/3. If the talent for high dramatic writing does exist in this country, such will be the only way to bring it out.
1874. Helps, Soc. Press., i. 3. The moon brought out the river and adjacent buildings resplendently.
1875. Jowett, Plato (ed. 2), I. 76. The antagonism of the two characters is still more clearly brought out.
e. To introduce (a young lady) formally into society; a company, a foreign loan, or the like, for public subscription.
1823. Byron, Juan, XII. xxxi. [They] Beggd to bring up the little girl, and out, For thats the phrase that settles all things now, Meaning a virgins first blush at a rout.
Mod. That loan was brought out by Messrs. Baring in 1852.
f. To produce before the public; to place upon the stage (a play or opera); to publish (a book).
1818. Byron, in Moores Life (1838), 376. They have brought out Fazio with great and deserved success at Covent Garden.
1851. Illustr. Lond. News, 354. Robert le Diable was originally brought out by Meyerbeer.
1878. Morley, Diderot, 164. It was resolved to bring out the ten volumes in a single issue.
1882. Pebody, Eng. Journalism, xx. 148. Proposed that he should bring out an evening paper.
g. To exhibit, shew. (With complement.)
1705. Arbuthnot, Coins, etc. (1727), 16 (L.). But those experiments bring out the Denarius heavier.
22. Bring over. (See also sense 1 and OVER.)
To influence to come to ones own side or party (from an opposite one); to convert.
17245. Swift, Wks. (1841), II. 23. By these means, he soon brought over both parties to him.
1771. Goldsm., Hist. Eng., II. 221. The house of commons was brought over to second his request.
1848. Macaulay, Hist. Eng., II. 347. Able to bring over a great body of his disciples to the royal side.
1878. Bosw. Smith, Carthage, 283. In vain, however did he attempt to bring over Cumæ, Naples, and Puteoli.
23. Bring round. (See also sense 1 and ROUND.)
a. To restore (a person) from a fainting-fit or an attack of illness.
1864. Tennyson, En. Ard., 842. Dead! I warrant, man, that we shall bring you round.
b. To complete a set of changes in bell-ringing.
1883. Birmingh. Daily Post, 19 Oct., 7. A peal of grandsire majors which was successfully rung and brought round in capital style, in four hours and fifty-five minutes.
24. Bring through. (See sense 1 and THROUGH.)
spec. To treat successfully through the stages of an illness.
Mod. The doctor hopes to be able to bring him through.
25. Bring to.
a. Naut. (trans.) To fasten, tie, bend.
1681. Lond. Gaz., No. 1666/4. In the night they mended their Rigging, brought new Sails to the Yards.
1867. Smyth, Sailors Word-bk., Bring-to, to bend, as to bring-to a sail to the yard.
b. To cause (a ship) to come to a standstill.
1753. Scots Mag., Aug., 415/2. A guarda costa fired a gun to bring them to.
1769. Falconer, Dict. Marine (1789), To Bring to, in navigation, to check the course of a ship by arranging the sails in such a manner that they shall counteract each other.
1803. Nelson, in Nicolas, Disp. (1845), V. 81. At 6.30 brought to the Vrow Agneta, Dutch Brig.
c. intr. (for refl. or absol.) Of a ship or her crew: To come to a standstill; transf. to stop, pull up.
1697. Lond. Gaz., No. 3287/3. The 5 French brought to a Stern. Ibid. (1709), 4521/2. They came within Random shot, and then brought to.
1748. Anson, Voy. (ed. 4), I. iv. 49. The Commodore made a signal for the ships to bring to.
1790. Beatson, Nav. & Mil. Mem., 278. Near 3 in the afternoon, when she brought to.
1845. Darwin, Voy. Nat., vii. (1879), 136. We brought to in a narrow arm of the river.
1861. Hughes, Tom Brown at Oxf., II. i. 4. Here let us bring to and try to get acquainted with the outside of the place before the good folk are about.
† d. trans. To cause to acquiesce or be complaisant. Obs.
1748. Richardson, Clarissa, xvi. I. 93. Proud spirits may be brought to.
1749. Fielding, Tom Jones, XVIII. xii. I was forced to use a little fatherly authority to bring her to.
e. To restore to consciousness or to health. Cf. 8 c. bring to oneself.
1789. Burns, Ep. Dr. Blacklock. I kend it still your wee bit jauntie Wad bring ye to.
1844. G. R. Gleig, Lt. Dragoon, I. v. 107. Our lieutenant fainted . The French guard brought him to by shaking.
1850. Mrs. Stowe, Uncle Toms C., xxxiii. 299. Ill bring her to! said the driver with a brutal grin. Ill give her something better than camphire!
Bring together: see sense 1 and TOGETHER.
26. Bring under. To bring into subjection, subdue.
1563. Homilies, II. Repentance, III. (1859), 548. Who will bring me under for my works?
1597. Hooker, Eccl. Pol., V. xlii. § 3. Either yielding through fear, or brought under with penury.
1618. Bolton, Florus, I. xi. (1636), 31. Lucius Quinctius chiefly brought them under.
1705. Stanhope, Paraphr., III. 40. That, which brought under the Reluctancies of Humane Nature.
a. 1834. Moore, Minstrel Boy. The foemans chain Could not bring his proud soul under.
27. Bring up.
a. To bring into a higher position; to elevate, raise, rear, build up; to raise to a point or amount, etc. See senses of up.
1297. R. Glouc., 369. Þe abbey of Came he rerde in Normandye He broȝte vp mony oþer hous of relygyon al so.
1477. Earl Rivers (Caxton), Dictes, 142. Yf he see that fortune raise and bring up som other of lower degre.
1611. Shaks., Wint. T., IV. iv. 544. Your discontenting Father, striue to qualifie And bring him vp to liking.
1677. Moxon, Mech. Exerc. (1703), 141. The next Work the Carpenter has to do, is to bring up the Stairs. Ibid., 129. The Celler-Walls to be brought up by a Brick-layer with Brick.
1885. Sir E. Kay, in Law Times Rep., LII. 370/1. The [amount] to which the undivided profit would be brought up.
b. To rear from childhood; to educate, breed.
1483. Caxton, G. de la Tour, F vij. The child whiche hadde be secretely nourisshed and brought up cam to his enherytaunce.
15112. Act 3 Hen. VIII., iii. § 1. To enduce and lern theym and bryng them uppe in shotyng.
1588. A. King, trans. Canisius Catech., 50. Fosterit, teachit, and brocht vp in continuall exercise.
1611. Bible, Isa. i. 2. I haue nourished and brought vp children.
1711. Addison, Spect., No. 105, ¶ 4. A Man who has been brought up among Books.
1875. Jowett, Plato (ed. 2), IV. 122. The doctrines in which he had been brought up.
1879. Cassells Techn. Educ., IV. 70/1. The ordinary farmer brings up a lot of calves every year.
c. To introduce to general notice; to bring into vogue. ? Obs.
1483. Caxton, G. de la Tour, D vij b. To hasty in takynge ony newe thynges brought up.
1530. Palsgr., 470/2. He hath brought up a newe custome To bringe up newe lawes is a perlous worke.
1693. W. Robertson, Phraseol. Gen., 284. She brings up a fashion grown out of use.
1741. Richardson, Pamela, II. 20. The Torture is not used in England, and I hope you wont bring it up.
† d. To raise, originate, give utterance to (a report), etc. Obs.
1535. Coverdale, Numb. xiii. 32. And of the lande that they had searched, they brought vp an euell reporte amonge the children of Israel. Ibid. (1611), xiv. 36. Bringing vp a slander vpon the land.
e. To bring into the presence of authority; to bring before a tribunal, or for examination.
1823. J. Badcock, Dom. Amusem., 64. Being brought up to answer at Bow-street office.
1865. Reader, 8 July, 30. Candidates would be expected to bring up so many books of Scott.
1885. Law Times, LXXIX. 139/1. A writ of certiorari to bring up an order made by the justices.
f. Naut. To bring to anchor, or to a standstill.
1820. Blackw. Mag., VIII. 317. I was all at once as the sailors say, brought up by an invisible fence.
1840. R. H. Dana, Bef. Mast, xxv. 80. They let go the other anchor and brought the vessel up.
g. intr. To come to anchor; hence, to come to a stand, to stop, pull up.
1769. Falconer, Dict. Marine (1789). To Bring-up, a provincial phrase peculiar to the seamen in the coal-trade, signifying to anchor.
1790. Beatson, Nav. & Mil. Mem., 321. The Rippon brought up against the Morne Rouge Battery.
1856. Kane, Arct. Expl., I. xxix. 386. At last the floe brought up against the rocks.
1858. Sears, Athan., IV. 32. Expect when they die to bring up at some good place.
1884. Anstey, Giants Robe, vi. Mr. Lightowler brought up sharply opposite the end of an inclined covered staircase where they left the dog-cart.
h. To bring under notice or consideration; to recall to notice (a by-gone matter).
1875. Jowett, Plato (ed. 2), I. 212. If I had said anything last year, I suppose that you would bring that up . Are you such an old fool that you bring up now what I said at first?
Mod. I am glad the matter has been brought up.
i. To develop, produce.
1823. J. Badcock, Dom. Amusem., 169. Chromate of potash brings up a yellow colour.
j. To vomit. (colloq.)
k. To bring up arrears, lost ground, etc.
1788. Dibdin, Mus. Tour, xii. 43. By way of clearing my ground, or, as the Sailors call it, bringing up lee-way.
1859. Jephson, Brittany, viii. 131. The afternoon was spent in bringing up my arrears of correspondence.
1865. E. Burritt, Walk to Lands End, 445. Bringing up a long arrearage of writing.
Mod. Has the narrative been brought up to date?
l. Bring up the rear (arrear): see REAR.