v. Pa. t. and Pa. pple. brought. Forms: Inf. 1 bringan, brengan, 2–5 bringen, 3–6 bringe, bryngen, 4–6 brynge, 4–7 bryng, 4– bring, (3 bringhe, brynke, 3–4 brengen, 4–5 breng, 5 bryngyn). Pa. t. 1–3 bróhte, 2 brochte, 3 broȝte, brouhte, 4 brouȝt(e, broȝt, broht, browȝt, browghte, (brohut), 4–6 broughte, 4–7 broght, 5 browte, 4– brought, (6 brohute, Spenser braught, 6– Sc. brocht, 9 dial. brong, brung). Pa. pple. 1–4 bróht, 3 broucht, 3–4 ybroȝt, ibrouȝt, 4 brout, browt, browht, brouȝt, brouht, 4–5 broȝt, (brouth), 4–6 broght, ybrought, 5 ibrowghte, (bryght), 5–6 browght, broughte, 4– brought, (6 browte, ibrout, browth, 6– Sc. brocht, 9 dial. brung). [Common Teut.: OE. bring-an, bręngean (pa. t. bróhte, pple. bróht), corresp. to OFris. branga, bringa, OS. brengian, bringan (MDu. brenghen, Du. brengen), OHG. bringan (MHG. and mod.G. bringen), Goth. briggan (= bringan), pa. t. brâhta, pple. brâhts. Beside the type bring-an, the Saxon group has also *brangjan, bręngian, bręngean, bręngan, app. after pankjan; from bringan, OE. had also a rare strong pa. pple. brungen (mod. dial. brung), to which later dialects have added a strong pa. t., so as to conjugate, bring, brang, brung. The stem is not known outside of Teutonic.]

1

  I.  Simply.

2

  1.  To cause to come along with oneself; to fetch. It includes ‘lead’ or ‘conduct’ (F. amener) as well as ‘carry’ (F. apporter); it implies motion towards the place where the speaker or auditor is, or is supposed to be, being in sense the causal of come; motion in the opposite direction is expressed by take (Fr. emmener, emporter).

3

  a.  by carrying or bearing in one’s hand, etc.

4

c. 950.  Lindisf. Gosp., John ii. 8. Dæleð nu & brengeð ðæm aldormen.

5

c. 1175.  Lamb Hom., 101. Ða ileafullen brohton heore gersum.

6

c. 1200.  Trin. Coll. Hom., 47. Hie brohte þat child mid hire in to þe temple.

7

a. 1225.  Ancr. R., 114. Ne brouhten heo him to presente ne win, ne ale, ne water.

8

a. 1300.  Cursor M., 21588. To rome men suld a-noþer [del of cros] breng.

9

1340.  Ayenb., 211. Þe messager þet none lettres ne brengþ.

10

1526.  Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W., 1531), 14. They solde theyr possessyons, and brought the pryce therof.

11

1697.  Dryden, Virg. Georg., III. 16. I … shall in Triumph come From conquer’d Greece, and bring her Trophies home.

12

1728.  Pope, Dunciad, II. 383. The ponderous books two gentle readers bring.

13

1839.  Thirlwall, Greece, I. 335. He was to bring his shield home, or to be borne upon it.

14

1885.  H. O. Forbes, Nat. Wand., III. viii. 258. The flotsam harvest which the river was continually bringing down.

15

  b.  by leading, conducting, propelling, etc.

16

a. 1000.  Beowulf, 1829 (Gr.). Ic ðe þusenda þeʓna bringe.

17

c. 1175.  Cott. Hom., 221. God þa hine brohte into paradis.

18

c. 1250.  Gen. & Ex., 737. Ðu fare … to a lond ic ðe sall bringen hin.

19

a. 1300.  Cursor M., 3832. His doghtur yonder … Bringand his beistes till þe well. Ibid., 5182. Ha yee broght him wit you hider?

20

1526.  Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W.), 38 b. Brynge me here ye wyldest bull that is.

21

1565–73.  Cooper, Lat. Dict., Subducere naues, to draw or bring ships to land.

22

1631.  Heywood, Fair Maid W., I. III. i. There’s a prize Brought into Falmouth Road.

23

1747.  Carte, Hist. Eng., I. 192. These two princes, bringing with them a number of their vassals.

24

1884.  Black, Jud. Shaks., xxxiii. The horses were now brought round.

25

1885.  H. O. Forbes, Nat. Wand., III. viii. 258. At length a bend of the river brought me in sight of the European … quarter of the city.

26

  c.  as by an attractive force.

27

c. 1300.  Beket, 488. The Kynges coronement that so moche folc ibroȝte there.

28

1697.  Dryden, Virg. Georg., IV. 644. What Buis’ness brought thee to my dark Abode?

29

1857.  Buckle, Civiliz., xiv. 844. For mere purposes of social enjoyment men were brought into contact, who … had nothing in common.

30

Mod.  What brings him here?

31

  † 2.  To convoy, escort, accompany (a person) on his way. Obs. exc. dial.

32

c. 1450.  Merlin, i. 20. He brought the on wey hider-warde a grete part.

33

1599.  Shaks., Much Ado, III. ii. 3. Ile bring you thither my Lord, if you’l vouchsafe me.

34

1611.  Tourneur, Ath. Trag., II. ii. 48. The skie is dark; we’ll bring you o’er the fields.

35

1611.  Bible, Gen. xviii. 16. Abraham went with them, to bring them on the way.

36

1862.  Barnes, Rhymes Dorset Dial., I. 18, note. To bring woone gwain: to bring one going; to bring one on his way.

37

  3.  To bring an answer, word, tidings, etc.

38

c. 1000.  Genesis, 651 (Bosw.). He ða bysene from Gode brungen hæfde.

39

a. 1300.  Cursor M., 3965. Þe messagers him broght answar. Ibid., 17920. Comen am I … Bodeworde of him for to bryng.

40

c. 1440.  Syr Gener., 2195. They brought hym word ayenward thei were comyng.

41

a. 1500[?].  Adam Bel, 441, in Ritson, A. P. P., 22. He shall you breng worde agayn.

42

1590.  Shaks., Com. Err., IV. iii. 37. I brought you worde an houre since that the Barke Expedition put forth to night.

43

1651.  Proc. in Parl., No. 83. 1274, Advt. The party that brings tidings of him.

44

1864.  Tennyson, Sea Dreams, 258. She brought strange news.

45

  † b.  ellipt. = Bring word, report. Obs.

46

1602.  Shaks., Ham., V. ii. 204. Young Osric, who brings back to him, that you attend him in the hall. Ibid. (1606), Ant. & Cl., IV. xiii. 10. Hence Mardian, And bring me how he takes my death to th’ Monument.

47

  4.  fig., and in such expressions as to bring tears into the eyes, a blush to the cheek, etc.

48

a. 1000.  Metr. Boeth., xi. 59. Winter bringeð weder unʓemet cald.

49

c. 1200.  Trin. Coll. Hom., 258. He mai blisse bringe.

50

1382.  Wyclif, Jer. xlv. 5. Y shal bringe euel vp on eche flesh, seith the Lord.

51

1535.  Coverdale, Ps. xlv[i]. 8. What destruccions he hath brought vpon ye earth.

52

1752.  Johnson, Rambl., No. 207, ¶ 2. Every hour brings additions.

53

1849.  Thackeray, Pendennis, cxxxiv. Those lines … brought tears into the Duchess’s eyes.

54

1850.  Tennyson, In Mem., ii. The seasons bring the flower again, And bring the firstling to the flock.

55

1871.  Morley, Voltaire (1886), 21. To persuade us that the occasion invariably brings the leader whom its conditions require.

56

  b.  of things or actions bringing their results or consequences: To cause one to have, to procure.

57

c. 1450.  Merlin, xiv. 229. A thynge that brought hym more mys-ese.

58

1577.  Hanmer, Anc. Eccl. Hist. (1619), 273. A pillar resembling the forme of a crosse … bringing great admiration to the beholders.

59

1580.  Baret, Alv., B 1302. Liberall studies bring refuge and comfort in aduersitie.

60

1598.  Shaks., Merry W., V. v. 243. Cursed houres Which forced marriage would have brought vpon her.

61

1736.  Butler, Anal., I. iii. Rashness … and wilful folly, bringing after them many inconveniences and sufferings.

62

1832.  Tennyson, Miller’s Dau., 229. The loss that brought us pain.

63

  † 5.  To deduce, derive, infer. Obs.

64

1591.  Shaks., 1 Hen. VI., II. v. 77. Whereas hee From Iohn of Gaunt doth bring his Pedigree.

65

1605.  Camden, Rem. (1637), 73. Hadrian, Lat. … Gesner bringeth it from the Greeke Αδρὸς, Grosse or wealthy.

66

1692.  Ray, Disc., III. v. (1732), 376. I shall bring them from higher or more remote causes.

67

1713.  Swift, Cadenus & V., Wks. 1755, III. II. 12. Conclusions … From premisses erroneous brought.

68

  6.  To prefer or lay (a charge or accusation); to institute, set on foot (an action at law); to advance, adduce (a statement or argument.

69

c. 1000.  Ags. Gosp., John xviii. 29. Hwylce wrohte bringe ʓe onʓean þysne man.

70

1382.  Wyclif, ibid. What accusing brynge ȝe aȝens this man?

71

1574.  trans. Littleton’s Ten. A write of right that a man bringeth.

72

1663.  Pepys, Diary, 14 June. Sir J. Minnes brought many fine expressions of Chaucer.

73

a. 1715.  Burnet, Own Time, II. The story he had sworn against the queen: which he brought only to make it probable that Wakeman … was in it.

74

1767.  Blackstone, Comm., II. 197. If he … puts in his claim and brings his action within a reasonable time. Ibid. (1768), III. III. 121. An indictment may be brought as well as an action.

75

1802.  Mar. Edgeworth, Mor. Tales (1816), I. xiii. 104. Arguments … brought by his companions in their … master’s justification.

76

1875.  Jowett, Plato (ed. 2), I. 316. He brings a wonderful accusation against me.

77

  b.  To bring home: see HOME.

78

1795.  Nelson, in Nicolas, Disp., II. 104. I … demand … that the person … do fully, and expressly bring home his charge.

79

1871.  R. H. Hutton, Ess. (1877), I. 34. The import of his action is brought home to him with the most vivid conviction.

80

  7.  † a. = Bring forth: to give birth to, bear. b. = Bring in: to produce, yield, ‘fetch.’

81

1523.  Fitzherb., Husb., § 66. The damme of the calfe shall … brynge an other by the same time of the yere.

82

1535.  Coverdale, Habb. iii. 17. The londe shall bringe no corne.

83

1664.  Butler, Hud., II. I. 466. What is Worth in any thing But so much money as ’twill bring?

84

1779.  Johnson, Waller, L. P., 224. Written when she had brought many children.

85

1795.  Southey, Joan of Arc, II. 141. At one birth She brought the brethren.

86

  c.  To bring into the world: to give birth to.

87

1607.  Shaks., Cor., V. iii. 125. Thy Mothers wombe That brought thee to this world.

88

1848.  S. Bamford, Early Days, i. 27. I was brought into the world on the 28th day of February.

89

  8.  fig. To cause to come from, into, out of, to, etc., a certain state or condition, or to be or do something; to cause to become.

90

  Especially with prepositional and other phrases which are used also with come and be, and other verbs, most of which will be found under the sb. or other word in question.

91

  a.  with on, in (obs.), into:

92

  as to bring in good estate, debt, a plight; in dread, fear, in or on sleep (later a-sleep; see e.); in doubt, in hate, in question, in wit; on day (= to light), in or on life’s day (= to life); into bands, difficulties, trouble; into action, harmony, contact, shape, etc.

93

1297.  R. Glouc., 491. The King adde Normandie in god stat ibrouȝt al.

94

a. 1300.  Cursor M., 615. In bale he broght vs and in care.

95

1387.  Trevisa, Higden, II. 403. Pelias brouȝte Iason in witte [suadet Jasoni] for to fette þe goldene flees. Ibid. (1398), Barth. De P. R., VI. iv. (1495), 191. Nouryces brynge the chyldren softely … on slepe.

96

c. 1400.  Destr. Troy, 13804. He was drecchit in a dreame, & in dred broght.

97

1535.  Coverdale, Judg., Contents xvi. Dalila … bryngeth him in dotage.

98

1551–6.  Robinson, trans. More’s Utop. (Arb.), 33. You shall bryng your selfe in very good case.

99

1593.  Hooker, Eccl. Pol., I. x. § 9. To bring themselves into hatred.

100

1596.  Spenser, F. Q., VI. XII. xxxix. Yet none of them could ever bring him into band.

101

1602.  W. Watson, Decacorden, 260. Brought many of them into bands and other great dangers.

102

1736.  Butler, Anal., I. iv. Persons … by a course of vice, bring themselves into new difficulties.

103

1818.  Cruise, Digest, II. 402. It hath formerly been attempted to be brought in question.

104

1854.  H. Vicars, in Memorials, viii. 162. Every thought brought into obedience to him.

105

1863.  E. V. Neale, Anal. Th. & Nat., 191. All others, with which it is brought into accordance.

106

  b.  with from, of, out of:

107

  as † to bring of, out of, life or life’s day (formerly o lifes dawe, o dawe, adaw, corruptly on daw: cf. ADAW v.) = to kill; out of order, shape, tune; out of patience, temper.

108

a. 1300.  Cursor M., 1072. Wid murther he broght his broþer o lijf. Ibid., 5096. Þis hunger tide þat sal bath mani man and wijf … bring o þair lijf. Ibid., 7808. Þat i suld him bring o dau [Fairf. on liues dawe]. Ibid., p. 990 Resurr., 356. We wend þat he alle Israel of woo suld haf broght.

109

c. 1305.  Jud. Iscariot, in E. E. P. (1862), 109. Ȝut were his fader betere habbe ibroȝt him of dawe. Ibid., St. Kenelm, 93, ibid., 50. If heo miȝte bringe þat child of lyfdawe.

110

1523.  Ld. Berners, Froiss., I. ccxxvi. 301. They were discomfyted, and brought out of ordre by force of armes.

111

1530.  Palsgr., 469/1. His great crammyng in of meate hath brought him out of shape. Ibid., 468/2. I can bring hym out of pacyence with the waggyng of a strawe.

112

1533.  Elyot, Cast. Helth (1541), 62. They bringe a man from the use of reason.

113

1600.  Shaks., A. Y. L., III. ii. 262. Thou bring’st me out of tune.

114

  c.  with to:

115

  as to bring to a close, end, head, issue, pitch; to bearings, cure, rights; to death, hardness, idleness, mischief, nought, obedience, shame; to account, book, hand, light, trial; to mind, reason, recollection, remembrance; to bed (see BED 6 c); to oneself (= to one’s senses).

116

c. 1175.  Lamb. Hom., 103. Þan men … to deþe bringeð.

117

c. 1230.  Hali Meid., 15. Þat ti wil were ibroht to werke.

118

1297.  R. Glouc., 376. Þat hii nere to ssame ybroȝt.

119

a. 1300.  Cursor M., 12759. His sermon Þat mani man broght to resun. Ibid., 20122. Þe seke brouȝte she to bedde [Cott. broght to þair bedd].

120

c. 1305.  St. Lucy, in E. E. P. (1862), 101. Dame Entice hire moder … þat hire to womman brouȝte.

121

c. 1340.  Ayenb., 128. Þe holy gost … þe seneȝere … brengþ ayen to him-zelue.

122

c. 1374.  Chaucer, Boeth., III. ii. 99. Alle thinges ben referred and browht to nowht.

123

c. 1440.  Promp. Parv., 51. Brynge to mynde, reminiscor.

124

1530.  Palsgr., 468/2. He fell in so great a swoune that we all had ynoughe a do to bring hym to hym selfe. Ibid., 470/1. Tyme bringeth the truth to lyght.

125

1535.  Coverdale, Mark viii. 26. He was brought to right againe & sawe all clearly.

126

1611.  Bible, Pref., 1. Certaine worthy men haue been brought to vntimely death.

127

1624.  Massinger, Renegado, I. iii. Are you amazed? I’ll bring you to yourself.

128

1651.  Proc. Parl., No. 88. 1343. All things now seem to bee brought to a good head.

129

1711.  Addison, Spect., No. 89, ¶ 1. He hoped that matters would have been long since brought to an Issue.

130

1715.  De Foe, Fam. Instruct., I. vii. (1841), I. 136. You will never bring me to your beck.

131

1749.  Fielding, Tom Jones, II. iv. Mrs. Partridge was, at length … brought to herself.

132

1767.  Blackstone, Comm., II. 89. Lest … the guardian should have received the value, and not brought it to account.

133

1806.  Canning, Fragm. Oration, 4. I’m like a young lady just bringing to bed.

134

1839.  Thirlwall, Greece, VII. lvi. 161. The prosecutors brought Demosthenes to trial first.

135

1865.  Dickens, Mut. Fr., III. xv. I’ll bring this young man to book.

136

1875.  Jowett, Plato (ed. 2), I. 430. There is no greater pleasure than to have Socrates brought to my recollection.

137

1882.  Stevenson, Men & Bks. (1886), 58. Jean was brought to bed of twins.

138

  d.  with under, upon:

139

  as to bring under the hand of, under foot; upon one’s knees, etc.

140

1535.  Coverdale, Judg. iii. 30. Thus were the Moabites broughte vnder the hande of the children of Israel.

141

1552.  Huloet, Bryng vnder obeysaunce or subiection.

142

1618.  Bolton, Florus (1636), 121. For Antiochus thus brought under-foot.

143

1652.  Proc. Parliament, No. 34. 2078. I hope a short time will bring them all upon their knees.

144

  e.  with adjs. and their equivalents:

145

  as to bring acquainted, low; formerly also at one, clean, faulty, etc.

146

c. 1386.  Chaucer, Knt.’s T., 253. Oure lynage … That is so lowe y-brought by, tyrannye.

147

a. 1400[?].  Morte Arth., 1093. I … was of blysse i-browghte alle bare.

148

1523.  Ld. Berners, Froiss., I. xii. 11. To the entent that he shuld bryng hym on that case fauty. Ibid. (c. 1530), Arth. Lyt. Bryt. (1814), 365. He brought aslepe who so ever he touched. Ibid. (1534), Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546), Gg vj b. I shall bryng thee at one with the Senate.

149

1668.  Shadwell, Sullen Lov., I. i. I’ll … bring you acquainted with this Lady.

150

1677.  Moxon, Mech. Exerc. (1703), 202. If you have not at first brought your Work clean.

151

1681.  R. Knox, Hist. Ceylon, Pref. He will bring you acquainted with the Inhabitants.

152

1703.  Savage, Lett. Antients, xlv. 110. The Distemper … which brought you so low.

153

1870.  Lowell, Study Wind., 93. Bringing men acquainted with every humor of fortune.

154

  f.  with subord. clause (obs.) or infinitive:

155

  as to bring to be, bear, boil, to bring to pass (= bring about, cause to happen).

156

c. 1175.  Lamb. Hom., 17. Bide for him … þet crist hine bringe þet he icherre from þan uuelnesse.

157

a. 1300.  Cursor M., 1578. Was nan þam moght bring to reclaim.

158

1535.  Coverdale, Wisd. x. ii. Wyszdome … brought to passe the thinges that he wente aboute.

159

1583.  Stubbes, Anat. Abus., II. 100. If it could be brought to passe.

160

1690.  Luttrell, Brief Rel. (1857), II. 70. Our men brought some of our guns to bear.

161

1719.  De Foe, Crusoe (1840), I. viii. 136. I brought the plank to be about three inches thick.

162

1756.  C. Lucas, Ess. Waters, I. 85. It is … harder to bring the heavy acid of vitriol to boil.

163

  9.  To cause (a person or oneself) to come (to a certain course of action, etc.); to induce, persuade, prevail upon.

164

1611.  Bible, Pref., 1. Certaine … could not be brought for a long time to give way to good Letters.

165

1666.  Pepys, Diary (1879), IV. 29. All children love fruit, and none brought to flesh, but against their wills at first.

166

1701.  W. Wotton, Hist. Rome, Commod. i. 196. She could not bring her self to give Crispina the Precedence.

167

1839.  Thirlwall, Greece, I. 209. They could not bring themselves to believe, that the divine bard [Homer] … should have been ignorant of things [etc].

168

1846.  D. Jerrold, Chron. Clovernook, Wks. 1864, IV. 412. A woman may be brought to forgive bigamy, but not a joke.

169

  10.  Naut. To cause to come or go into a certain position or direction; chiefly in phrases: To bring by the board (see BOARD sb. 12 b); by the lee (see LEE); to the wind (see WIND).

170

1695.  Luttrell, Brief Rel. (1857), III. 437. The French … had his main mast brought by the board before he struck.

171

1719.  De Foe, Crusoe (1858), 200. Her main-mast and fore-mast were brought by the board, that is to say, broken short off.

172

1836.  Marryat, Midsh. Easy, xix. Gascoigne went to the helm, brought the boat up to the wind.

173

1858.  Merc. Mar. Mag., V. 293. I was awoke by the ship being brought to the wind.

174

  III.  Combined with adverbs. (See also sense 1, and the adverbs, for the non-specialized combinations.)

175

  11.  Bring about.

176

  a.  To cause to happen, bring to pass, occasion, accomplish, effect.

177

c. 1450.  Merlin, i. 7. The deuell was right gladde that he hadde brought this a-bouten.

178

1480.  Caxton, Chron. Eng., cciv. 186. Yf that thyng myght be brought aboute.

179

1530.  Palsgr., 466/1. I bringe aboute my purpose.

180

1641.  J. Jackson, True Evang. T., I. 12. To bring his ends, and designes about.

181

1753.  World, No. 20. 107. Another proof of what people of fashion may bring about.

182

1848.  Macaulay, Hist. Eng., I. 239. He … had borne a chief part in bringing about the marriage.

183

1876.  J. H. Newman, Hist. Sk., I. I. iii. 139. The atrocities of the Greeks brought about a retaliation from the Latins.

184

  † b.  To cause to come round or make a complete revolution; to complete. Obs.

185

1588.  Shaks., L. L. L., V. ii. 808. There stay vntill the twelue Celestiall Signes Haue brought about their annuall reckoning. Ibid. (1593), 3 Hen. VI., II. v. 27. How many Houres brings about the Day.

186

  c.  To turn round; also fig. to reverse, convert.

187

1677.  Moxon, Mech. Exerc. (1703), 181. A thin String … would not so well bring heavy Work about.

188

1694.  Echard, Plautus, 152. He [Jove] knows each man that’s perjur’d, or bribes his Judge to gain his cause; upon which, he brings it about i’ th’ upper Court.

189

a. 1745.  Swift, Excell. New Song. Now my new benefactors have brought me about.

190

1841.  Catlin, N. Amer. Ind. (1844), II. liii. 152. I had brought it [a canoe] about with a master hand.

191

  d.  To restore to consciousness, or to health, = bring round, a.

192

1854.  Dickens, Hard Times (Tauchn.), 66. That will bring him about or nothing will.

193

  12.  Bring again.

194

  a.  See sense 1 and AGAIN.

195

  † b.  To restore to consciousness. Obs. Cf. to bring about, round, to.

196

1636.  Ariana, 177. The rest … laboured to bring mee againe, and by force of remedies I opened my eyes. Ibid., 320. They brought her againe with water they threw upon her.

197

  13.  Bring away.

198

  a.  See sense 1 and AWAY.

199

  † b.  To extricate, detach, free, deliver. Obs.

200

a. 1300.  Cursor M., 16246. For þi stat þou aght to spek: to bring þi self a-wai.

201

  14.  Bring back.

202

  To cause to return (to a place or state); to restore, recover, recall.

203

1662.  Bk. Com. Prayer, Chas. Martyr. Yet didst thou … at length by a wonderful providence bring him back.

204

1861.  Earl Stanhope, Life W. Pitt, I. i. 42. I trust the country air will bring back her strength.

205

1864.  Longf., Wayside Inn, Interl. to Torquem. This brings back to me a tale.

206

1886.  Burton, trans. Arab. Nts. (abr. ed.), I. 286. I … went out after him, and brought him back secretly to the city.

207

  15.  Bring down.

208

  a.  To cause to fall to the ground; to overthrow; to kill or wound (a flying bird, or other animal).

209

a. 1300.  Cursor M., 63. Ar he sua brathly don be broght.

210

1535.  Coverdale, Baruch v. 7. God is purposed to brynge downe all stoute mountaynes.

211

1798.  Miller, in Nicolas, Disp. Nelson (1846), VII. p. clv. Zealous … raked the Guerrier, brought down her foremast.

212

  b.  To cause (punishment, judgments, etc.) to alight on, upon.

213

1662.  Bk. Com. Prayer, Chas. Martyr. The crying sins of this Nation, which brought down this heavy judgement upon us.

214

1865.  Times, 2 Jan., 8/3. To bring down on themselves the hostility of the most powerful maritime State in the world.

215

  c.  fig. To lower, humble, abase.

216

1535.  Coverdale, Ps. xvii[i]. 27. Thou shalt … bringe downe the hye lokes of the proud.

217

1768.  Sterne, Sent. Journ. (1778), II. 21. I could not bring down my mind to think of it.

218

1875.  H. E. Manning, Mission H. Ghost, x. 279. Every thing that could be used to bring down his great constancy.

219

  d.  To reduce, lessen, lower (price); to simplify.

220

1596.  Shaks., Merch. V., I. iii. 45. He lends out money gratis, and brings downe The rate of vsance here with vs in Venice.

221

1651.  Proc. Parliament, No. 94. 1450. Which I hope will bring down the price of corn there.

222

1719.  Swift, To Yng. Clergyman, Wks. 1755, II. II. 5. Terms brought down to the capacity of the hearer.

223

1748.  Smollett, Rod. Rand., xii. 27. At last however she was brought down to five, which he paid.

224

  e.  To continue (information, etc.) to a later date (cf. Bring up k).

225

1881.  Daily Tel., 27 Dec., 2/8. The annual abstract of the Sanitary Commissioner with the Government of India has just been issued. It brings down the information to June, 1881.

226

1885.  Bookseller, July, 648/2. Information accurate and brought down to date.

227

  f.  To bring down the house, gallery, etc.: to evoke such demonstrative applause as threatens or suggests the downfall of the building.

228

1754.  World, II. No. 76. 125. His apprehension that your statues will bring the house down.

229

1870.  Lowell, Study Wind., 384. Every sentence brought down the house, as I never saw one brought down before.

230

1884.  Symonds, Shaks. Predecessors, x. § x. 403. The interview … must have brought down the gallery.

231

  16.  Bring forth.

232

  a.  To produce, give birth to bring into being, bear, yield (offspring; fruit, flowers, etc.; natural products; products, effects, results).

233

c. 1200.  Ormin, 1937. Þær brohhte ȝho þatt wasstme forþ Off all unnwemmedd wambe.

234

a. 1225.  Ancr. R., 134. Bringen vorð briddes.

235

1388.  Wyclif, Ps. ciii. 14. And thou bringist forth hei to beestis.

236

c. 1440.  Gesta Rom. (1878), 233. He had weddid to wyf a yonge gentilwoman, the whiche conseyuid, and browte forthe a faire sone.

237

c. 1440.  Promp. Parv., 51. Brynge forthe frute, fructifico.

238

1526.  Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W., 1531), 47 b. Ye tree neuer bryngeth forth floures ne fruytes, but fyrst it has borne & brought forth leues.

239

1535.  Coverdale, Wisd. xix. 10. The grounde brought forth flyes in steade of catell.

240

1553.  Eden, Treat. New Ind. (Arb.), 8. Places most apte to bring forth gold, spices, and precious stones.

241

c. 1600.  Shaks., Sonn., xxxviii. Let him bring forth Eternal numbers to outlive long date. Ibid. (1605), Macb., I. vii. 72. Bring forth Men-Children onely.

242

1615–68.  W. Lawson, New Orchard, 49. Young Heifers bring not forth Calves so fair … as when they be come to be old kine.

243

1875.  Jowett, Plato (ed. 2), V. 123. He never thought of what the future might bring forth.

244

  † b.  To bring up, rear, breed (animals). Obs.

245

c. 1305.  St. Kenelm, 135, in E. E. P. (1862), 51. His norice þat him hadde ifed, & mid hire mulc forth ibroȝt.

246

c. 1400.  Maundev., 72. The Sarazines bryngen forthe no Pigges.

247

c. 1430.  Syr Gener., 879. From a childe she him forth broght.

248

  † c.  To utter, express; to put forth, adduce, advance. Obs.

249

a. 1300.  Cursor M., 12138. To bring forth sli talking.

250

1382.  Wyclif, Ecclus. xx. 29. A wys man in wrdis shal bringe forth hymself.

251

c. 1440.  Promp. Parv., 51. Bryngyn forthe or shewyn forthe, profero.

252

1532.  More, Confut. Tindale, Wks. 475/2. The places of Scripture whiche Helvidius broughte furth for the contrarye.

253

1606.  Shaks., Tr. & Cr., I. iii. 242. If that he prais’d himselfe, bring the praise forth.

254

1611.  Bible, Isa. xli. 21. Bring foorth your strong reasons.

255

  † d.  To bring to light, or public view. Obs.

256

a. 1225.  Ancr. R., 144. Euerich idel word bið þer ibrouht forð.

257

1599.  Shaks., Hen. V., Prol. 10. On this vnworthy Scaffold to bring forth So great an Obiect. Ibid. (1601), All’s Well, V. iii. 151. To bring forth this discou’rie. Ibid. (1605), Macb., III. iv. 125. Augures and vnderstood Relations haue … brought forth The secret’st man of Blood. Ibid. (1606), Ant. & Cl., V. ii. 219. The quicke Comedians Extemporally will stage vs … Anthony Shall be brought drunken forth.

258

  17.  Bring forward.

259

  a.  See sense 1 and FORWARD.

260

  b.  Building. See quot.

261

1823.  P. Nicholson, Pract. Build., 417. Bringing forward is a term applied to priming and painting new wood added to old work, or old work which has been repaired, so that the whole shall appear alike when finished.

262

  c.  Book-keeping. To carry on a sum from the bottom of one folio to the top of another where the account is continued.

263

Mod.  A clerkly error in the amount brought forward.

264

  18.  Bring in. a. See sense 1 and IN adv.

265

  b.  To introduce (customs, etc.).

266

c. 1384.  Wyclif, De Eccl., Sel. Wks. III. 345. To assente wiþ suche falseheed bringiþ in ofte heresies.

267

1611.  Bible, 2 Peter ii. 1. False teachers … who priuily shall bring in damnable heresies.

268

1690.  Locke, Govt., I. vi. § 58. Manners, brought in and continued amongst them.

269

1753.  World, No. 10. Near two years ago the popish calendar was brought in.

270

  c.  To bring (money) into the purse or pocket.

271

1538.  Bale, Thre Lawes, 1199. Thys crede wyll brynge in moneye.

272

1676.  South, 12 Serm. (1692), 446 (J.). The sole measure of all his Courtesies is, what return they will make him, and what Revenue they will bring him in.

273

1814.  Lett. fr. England, II. xxxviii. 165. And by the time they are seven or eight years old bring in money.

274

1855.  D. Costello, Stories fr. Screen, 85. ‘What does it bring you in?’ says she.

275

  † d.  To introduce, place (a person) in a position or station. Obs.

276

1604.  Shaks., Oth., III. i. 53. He … needs no other Suitor, but his likings to bring you in againe.

277

1676.  Hatton Corr. (1878), 123. If his designe had succeeded of bringing in Sr Edward Deering.

278

1709.  Tatler, No. 81, ¶ 9 (J.). Since he could not have a Seat among them himself, he would bring in one who alone had more Merit than their whole Assembly.

279

  e.  To introduce (an action into a court of law or a bill into Parliament).

280

1602.  Manningham, Diary, 16 Dec. I brought in a moot with John Bramston.

281

1652.  Proc. Parliament, No. 144. 2266. A day was appointed to bring in the Act.

282

1848.  Macaulay, Hist. Eng., II. 121. He learned that a law, such as he wished to see passed, would not even be brought in.

283

1876.  Trevelyan, Macaulay, II. ix. 133. Sergeant Talfourd brought in a measure devised with the object of extending the term of Copyright in a book to sixty years.

284

  f.  To introduce (into consideration, discussion); to adduce (by way of illustration, argument, etc.).

285

1602.  Shaks., Lear, III. vi. 37. I’ll see their trial first. Bring in the evidence.

286

1631.  Weever, Anc. Fun. Mon., 122. I will bring in for example the Bells of the Parish Church of Winington.

287

1720.  Swift, Lett. Yng. Clergym., Wks. 1735, I. 225 (J.). As to Quotations from antient Fathers, I think they are best brought in, to confirm some Opinion controverted by those who differ from us.

288

1847.  L. Hunt, Men, Women, & Bks., I. iv. 87. Providence is … to be brought in, humbly, when man comes to the end of his own humble endeavours.

289

  † g.  = Bring on; to lead to, cause. Obs.

290

1586.  Cogan, Haven Health (1636), 98. Which … sometime bringeth in fevers.

291

  † h.  To reduce to allegiance, or submission. Obs.

292

1596.  Spenser, State Irel. (J.). Such a strong power of men, as should perforce bring in all that rebellious route and loose people.

293

  i.  See quot.

294

1753.  Chambers, Cycl. Supp., s.v., Bringing in a horse, in the manege, is the keeping down his nose, when he boars, and tosses it up to the wind. A horse is brought in by a strong hard branch.

295

  j.  Of a jury: To bring in a verdict, hence colloq. to ‘find’ as ‘The jury brought him in guilty.’

296

  19.  Bring off.

297

  a.  To bring away from (a position or condition); esp. by boat from a ship, wreck, the shore.

298

1656.  H. More, Antid. Ath., II. ix. (1712), 68. That thence the atheist may be the more easily brought off to the acknowledgement of the existence of a God.

299

1676.  Hobbes, Iliad, II. 183. Thus he the People brings Off from their purpose.

300

1701.  Lond. Gaz., No. 3770/3. A Granadier … swam over the River and brought off a Ferryboat.

301

1840.  R. H. Dana, Bef. Mast, xxv. 79. Going ashore … to bring off the Captain.

302

  b.  To deliver, rescue, acquit. arch.

303

[1297.  R. Glouc. 379. Ȝyf God me wole grace sende, Vorto make my chyrchegon, & bringe me of þys bende.

304

c. 1300.  Harrow. Hell, 61. Y shal the bringe of helle pyne.]

305

1606.  Shaks., Tr. & Cr., V. vi. 25. Ile be tane too, Or bring him off.

306

1699.  Bentley, Phal., 237. It will not bring Phalaris off; unless his Advocate can shew, [etc.].

307

1715.  De Foe, Fam. Instruct., I. iv. (1841), I. 84. I cannot tell what you will say then to bring yourself off.

308

1751.  Chesterfield, Lett. (1792), III. cclxx. 237. But let us see if we cannot bring off the author.

309

1863.  Mrs. C. Clarke, Shaks. Char., xvi. 391. The injuring party … is brought off triumphantly.

310

  † c.  To demonstrate, establish clearly. Obs.

311

1674.  N. Fairfax, Bulk & Selv., 37. To bring it but cleverly off, how ten thousand years between should not be time between.

312

  20.  Bring on.

313

  † a.  To lead forward or on, conduct; to cause to advance, advance the growth of. Obs.

314

c. 1230.  Hali Meid., 17. Þe stude & te time þat mahten bringe þe on mis for to donne.

315

1602.  Shaks., Ham., III. i. 9. When we would bring him on to some Confession of his true state. Ibid. (1606), Ant. & Cl., III. ii. 44. The Aprill’s in her eyes, it is Loues spring, And these the showers to bring it on.

316

1621.  Burton, Anat. Mel., I. ii. II. vi. (1651), 88. Voluntary idleness … gently brings on like a siren, a shooing horn, or some sphinx to this irrevocable gulf.

317

Mod.  We want a little more sun to bring the plants on.

318

  b.  To produce, cause (illness, a state of things).

319

1671.  Milton, Samson, 373. These evils … I myself have brought them on.

320

1766.  Goldsm., Vic. W., xviii. This … might have brought on a relapse.

321

1814.  Wordsw., Excursion, I. 609. And poverty brought on a pettish mood And a sore temper.

322

1817.  Jas. Mill, Brit. India, II. IV. v. 167. A battle was brought on.

323

Mod.  A cold which brought on influenza.

324

  c.  To bring into formal consideration or discussion, introduce.

325

a. 1715.  Burnet, Own Time, II. 197. Why must an attainder be brought on?

326

1878.  Seeley, Stein, III. 322. Metternich announced his intention of bringing on the subject.

327

  d.  techn. To fasten, fix, join, weld together.

328

1691.  T. H[ale], Acc. New Invent., 22. The Workmen were bringing on an ordinary Straits-sheathing with Wood upon one of his small Ships.

329

1852.  A. Ryland, Assay Gold & S., 97. He found that the spoon and ladle were not made in one piece … but that the parts bearing the marks were ‘inserted,’ or ‘brought on.’

330

  21.  Bring out. (See also sense 1 and OUT.)

331

  † a.  To separate or detach (any one) from; to deprive, do (any one) out of. Obs.

332

c. 1400.  Destr. Troy, 8633. And the lede with a launse out of lyue broght.

333

a. 1450.  Knt. de la Tour (1868), 65. To bringe hem oute of her good name.

334

1462.  Paston Lett., 456, II. 108. I have bought salt and other thyngs, whiche hathe brought me out of myche sylvir.

335

1623.  Lisle, Ælfric on O. & N. T., Pref. 11. To bring the people out of love with the … Bible.

336

  † b.  To produce, yield. Obs.

337

1545.  Ascham, Toxoph. (Arb.), 93. The grounde is plentifull … whiche … bryngeth out corne.

338

1607.  Shaks., Timon, IV. iii. 188. Enseare thy Fertile and Conceptious wombe, Let it no more bring out ingratefull man.

339

  c.  To express, utter.

340

1665.  Boyle, Occas. Refl., IV. xv. (1675), 257. Any thing, how contrary soever to Piety, or right Reason … if Men can bring it out … neatly wrapt up in Raillery.

341

  d.  To bring into clearness, distinctness or prominence; to develop and display (talent).

342

1605.  Shaks., Lear, V. iii. 163. That haue I done, And more, much more, the time will bring it out.

343

1693.  Dryden, Juvenal, XIII. 288 (J.).

        These shake his Soul, and, as they boldly press,
Bring out his Crimes; and force him to confess.

344

1823.  J. Badcock, Dom. Amusem., 39. The exact kind of preparation which is calculated to bring out the writing.

345

1832.  Athenæum, 389/3. If the talent for high dramatic writing does exist in this country, such will be the only way to bring it out.

346

1874.  Helps, Soc. Press., i. 3. The moon … brought out the river and adjacent buildings resplendently.

347

1875.  Jowett, Plato (ed. 2), I. 76. The antagonism of the two characters is still more clearly brought out.

348

  e.  To introduce (a young lady) formally into ‘society’; a company, a foreign loan, or the like, for public subscription.

349

1823.  Byron, Juan, XII. xxxi. [They] Begg’d to bring up the little girl, and ‘out,’ For that’s the phrase that settles all things now, Meaning a virgin’s first blush at a rout.

350

Mod.  That loan was brought out by Messrs. Baring in 1852.

351

  f.  To produce before the public; to place upon the stage (a play or opera); to publish (a book).

352

1818.  Byron, in Moore’s Life (1838), 376. They have brought out Fazio with great and deserved success at Covent Garden.

353

1851.  Illustr. Lond. News, 354. ‘Robert le Diable’ was originally brought out by Meyerbeer.

354

1878.  Morley, Diderot, 164. It was resolved to bring out the ten volumes … in a single issue.

355

1882.  Pebody, Eng. Journalism, xx. 148. Proposed that he should bring out an evening paper.

356

  g.  To exhibit, shew. (With complement.)

357

1705.  Arbuthnot, Coins, etc. (1727), 16 (L.). But those experiments bring out the Denarius heavier.

358

  22.  Bring over. (See also sense 1 and OVER.)

359

  To influence to come to one’s own side or party (from an opposite one); to convert.

360

1724–5.  Swift, Wks. (1841), II. 23. By these … means, he soon brought over both parties to him.

361

1771.  Goldsm., Hist. Eng., II. 221. The house of commons was brought over to second his request.

362

1848.  Macaulay, Hist. Eng., II. 347. Able to bring over a great body of his disciples to the royal side.

363

1878.  Bosw. Smith, Carthage, 283. In vain, however did he attempt … to bring over Cumæ, Naples, and Puteoli.

364

  23.  Bring round. (See also sense 1 and ROUND.)

365

  a.  To restore (a person) from a fainting-fit or an attack of illness.

366

1864.  Tennyson, En. Ard., 842. Dead!… I warrant, man, that we shall bring you round.

367

  b.  To complete a set of changes in bell-ringing.

368

1883.  Birmingh. Daily Post, 19 Oct., 7. A peal of … grandsire majors which was successfully rung and brought round in capital style, in four hours and fifty-five minutes.

369

  24.  Bring through. (See sense 1 and THROUGH.)

370

  spec. To treat successfully through the stages of an illness.

371

Mod.  The doctor hopes to be able to bring him through.

372

  25.  Bring to.

373

  a.  Naut. (trans.) To fasten, tie, bend.

374

1681.  Lond. Gaz., No. 1666/4. In the night they mended their Rigging, brought new Sails to the Yards.

375

1867.  Smyth, Sailor’s Word-bk., Bring-to, to bend, as to bring-to a sail to the yard.

376

  b.  To cause (a ship) to come to a standstill.

377

1753.  Scots Mag., Aug., 415/2. A guarda costa … fired a gun to bring them to.

378

1769.  Falconer, Dict. Marine (1789), To Bring to, in navigation, to check the course of a ship … by arranging the sails in such a manner that they shall counteract each other.

379

1803.  Nelson, in Nicolas, Disp. (1845), V. 81. At 6.30 brought to the Vrow Agneta, Dutch Brig.

380

  c.  intr. (for refl. or absol.) Of a ship or her crew: To come to a standstill; transf. to stop, ‘pull up.’

381

1697.  Lond. Gaz., No. 3287/3. The 5 French brought to a Stern. Ibid. (1709), 4521/2. They came within Random shot, and then brought to.

382

1748.  Anson, Voy. (ed. 4), I. iv. 49. The Commodore made a signal for the ships to bring to.

383

1790.  Beatson, Nav. & Mil. Mem., 278. Near 3 in the afternoon, when she brought to.

384

1845.  Darwin, Voy. Nat., vii. (1879), 136. We brought to in a narrow arm of the river.

385

1861.  Hughes, Tom Brown at Oxf., II. i. 4. Here let us bring to … and try to get acquainted with the outside of the place before the good folk are about.

386

  † d.  trans. To cause to acquiesce or be complaisant. Obs.

387

1748.  Richardson, Clarissa, xvi. I. 93. Proud spirits may be brought to.

388

1749.  Fielding, Tom Jones, XVIII. xii. I was forced to use a little fatherly authority to bring her to.

389

  e.  To restore to consciousness or to health. Cf. 8 c. bring to oneself.

390

1789.  Burns, Ep. Dr. Blacklock. I ken’d it still your wee bit jauntie Wad bring ye to.

391

1844.  G. R. Gleig, Lt. Dragoon, I. v. 107. Our lieutenant … fainted…. The French guard brought him to by shaking.

392

1850.  Mrs. Stowe, Uncle Tom’s C., xxxiii. 299. ‘I’ll bring her to!’ said the driver with a brutal grin. ‘I’ll give her something better than camphire!’

393

  Bring together: see sense 1 and TOGETHER.

394

  26.  Bring under. To bring into subjection, subdue.

395

1563.  Homilies, II. Repentance, III. (1859), 548. Who will bring me under for my works?

396

1597.  Hooker, Eccl. Pol., V. xlii. § 3. Either yielding through fear, or brought under with penury.

397

1618.  Bolton, Florus, I. xi. (1636), 31. Lucius Quinctius chiefly brought them under.

398

1705.  Stanhope, Paraphr., III. 40. That, which brought under the Reluctancies of Humane Nature.

399

a. 1834.  Moore, Minstrel Boy. The foeman’s chain Could not bring his proud soul under.

400

  27.  Bring up.

401

  a.  To bring into a higher position; to elevate, raise, rear, build up; to raise to a point or amount, etc. See senses of up.

402

1297.  R. Glouc., 369. Þe abbey of Came … he rerde in Normandye … He broȝte vp mony oþer hous of relygyon al so.

403

1477.  Earl Rivers (Caxton), Dictes, 142. Yf he see that fortune raise and bring up som other of lower degre.

404

1611.  Shaks., Wint. T., IV. iv. 544. Your discontenting Father, striue to qualifie And bring him vp to liking.

405

1677.  Moxon, Mech. Exerc. (1703), 141. The next Work the Carpenter has to do, is to bring up the Stairs. Ibid., 129. The Celler-Walls to be brought up by a Brick-layer with Brick.

406

1885.  Sir E. Kay, in Law Times’ Rep., LII. 370/1. The [amount] to which the undivided profit would be brought up.

407

  b.  To rear from childhood; to educate, breed.

408

1483.  Caxton, G. de la Tour, F vij. The child whiche hadde be secretely nourisshed and brought up cam to his enherytaunce.

409

1511–2.  Act 3 Hen. VIII., iii. § 1. To enduce and lern theym and bryng them uppe in shotyng.

410

1588.  A. King, trans. Canisius’ Catech., 50. Fosterit, teachit, and brocht vp in continuall exercise.

411

1611.  Bible, Isa. i. 2. I haue nourished and brought vp children.

412

1711.  Addison, Spect., No. 105, ¶ 4. A Man who has been brought up among Books.

413

1875.  Jowett, Plato (ed. 2), IV. 122. The doctrines in which he had been brought up.

414

1879.  Cassell’s Techn. Educ., IV. 70/1. The ordinary farmer brings up a lot of calves every year.

415

  c.  To introduce to general notice; to bring into vogue. ? Obs.

416

1483.  Caxton, G. de la Tour, D vij b. To hasty in takynge ony newe thynges brought up.

417

1530.  Palsgr., 470/2. He hath brought up a newe custome … To bringe up newe lawes is a perlous worke.

418

1693.  W. Robertson, Phraseol. Gen., 284. She brings up a fashion grown out of use.

419

1741.  Richardson, Pamela, II. 20. The Torture is not used in England, and I hope you won’t bring it up.

420

  † d.  To raise, originate, give utterance to (a report), etc. Obs.

421

1535.  Coverdale, Numb. xiii. 32. And of the lande that they had searched, they brought vp an euell reporte amonge the children of Israel. Ibid. (1611), xiv. 36. Bringing vp a slander vpon the land.

422

  e.  To bring into the presence of authority; to bring before a tribunal, or for examination.

423

1823.  J. Badcock, Dom. Amusem., 64. Being brought up … to answer at Bow-street office.

424

1865.  Reader, 8 July, 30. Candidates would be expected to bring up so many books of Scott.

425

1885.  Law Times, LXXIX. 139/1. A writ of certiorari to bring up an order made by the justices.

426

  f.  Naut. To bring to anchor, or to a standstill.

427

1820.  Blackw. Mag., VIII. 317. I was all at once … as the sailors say, brought up by an invisible fence.

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1840.  R. H. Dana, Bef. Mast, xxv. 80. They let go the other anchor … and brought the vessel up.

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  g.  intr. To come to anchor; hence, to come to a stand, to stop, ‘pull up.’

430

1769.  Falconer, Dict. Marine (1789). To Bring-up, a provincial phrase peculiar to the seamen in the coal-trade, signifying to anchor.

431

1790.  Beatson, Nav. & Mil. Mem., 321. The Rippon … brought up against the Morne Rouge Battery.

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1856.  Kane, Arct. Expl., I. xxix. 386. At last the floe brought up against the rocks.

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1858.  Sears, Athan., IV. 32. Expect when they die to … bring up at some good place.

434

1884.  Anstey, Giant’s Robe, vi. Mr. Lightowler brought up sharply opposite the end of an inclined covered staircase … where they left the dog-cart.

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  h.  To bring under notice or consideration; to recall to notice (a by-gone matter).

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1875.  Jowett, Plato (ed. 2), I. 212. If I had said anything last year, I suppose that you would bring that up…. Are you such an old fool … that you bring up now what I said at first?

437

Mod.  ‘I am glad the matter has been brought up.’

438

  i.  To develop, produce.

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1823.  J. Badcock, Dom. Amusem., 169. Chromate of potash … brings up a yellow colour.

440

  j.  To vomit. (colloq.)

441

  k.  To bring up arrears, lost ground, etc.

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1788.  Dibdin, Mus. Tour, xii. 43. By way of clearing my ground, or, as the Sailors call it, bringing up lee-way.

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1859.  Jephson, Brittany, viii. 131. The afternoon was spent in bringing up my arrears of correspondence.

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1865.  E. Burritt, Walk to Land’s End, 445. Bringing up a long arrearage of writing.

445

Mod.  Has the narrative been brought up to date?

446

  l.  Bring up the rear (arrear): see REAR.

447