Together

adv. (prep., sb.) Forms (in most cases either as one word or two, or in mod. edd. of OE. and ME. with hyphen): α. 1 togædere (to gædere, to-gædere), togadore, 3–4 togadere, togare, (3 to gaddre, to gaderen, 4 to gadir); 7 togather. β. 2–5 togedere, 3 (Orm.) togeddre, 4 to gedder, Sc. to geidir, 4–5 togeder, togedre, 4–6 togedir, 5 togedur, togedyr, to gedire, (to geyder, to gheder); 4–5 to gethir, 6 togeather, 7 togeither, 5– together. γ. 3–5 togider (6 Sc.), togydere, (3 to giddre, 4 to gidir), 4–5 togidere, togidre, 4–6 togyder, togiddir, (5 -yr), 4, 5–7 Sc. togidder, 5 to gidur, to gydre, togyddyr, 6 togydur, to gydder (Sc. -ir), toguyder; 4 togiþer, 6 togyther, toguyther, Sc. togithir, 6 (9 dial.) togither; Sc. 6 þe gidder, 8–9 thegither. [OE. tógædere, tógadore, f. TO prep. + gædre adv.:—*gaduri, orig. locative or instr. of *gador, -ur, OE. geador ‘together,’ whence also gaderian, later gæderian to GATHER, q.v. So OFris. togadera, -ere, MDu. te gader(e, Du. tegader ‘together,’ MLG. gader, MG. gater ‘together,’ f. same root as OE. gæd companionship, fellowship, union, ʓegada companion, associate, Du. gade, MDu. ghegade companion, comrade, consort, mate. OE. had, beside tógædre, of motion or direction, a parallel compound ætgædere, of position. The derivatives of gad- appear only in the Saxon-Frisian or LG. group of WGer., OHG. substituting zi-samane, Ger. zusammen: see SAMEN; and cf. GATHER, GOOD. ME. had forms in -gader and -geder, which in North. ME. and Sc. became -gidir. In the 14th c. the d or dd began to change to (ð) written th: cf. GATHER, FATHER.]

  1.  Into one gathering, company, mass, or body.

707.  Charter of Ine of Wessex, in Birch, Cart. Sax., I. 149. Andlang Icenan þer Cendefer and Icene cumað to gædere; andlang Cendefer þer hit ær upeode.

c. 1000.  Ags. Gosp., Matt. xv. 10. And he þa ðam meneʓum to-gædere ʓeclypedum þus cwæð.

  c. 1200.  Ormin, 1485. & gaddresst swa þe clene corn All fra þe chaff to geddre.

a. 1300.  Cursor M., 2515 (Cott.). He did togeder samen his men.

c. 1386.  Chaucer, Prol., 824. Vp roos oure hoost … And gadrede vs togidre alle in a flok.

1482.  Monk of Evesham (Arb.), 22. Than all the brethirne came to gedyr in to the chaptur hows.

a. 1547.  Surrey, Æneid, II. (1557), D iij. A rout exiled, a wreched multitude, From eche where flockke together.

1552–3.  Inv. Ch. Goods, Staffs., in Ann. Lichfield, IV. 6. On other grett bell … to call the parishonars to geather.

1611.  Bible, 1 Cor. xiv. 23. If therefore the whole Church be come together into one place.

1766.  Goldsm., Vic. W., iii. My next care was to get together the wrecks of my fortune.

1818.  Scott, Rob Roy, xxxii. Laying a’ this thegither.

  b.  Of two persons or things: Into companionship, union, proximity, contact, or collision.

a. 900.  Andreas, 1437. Heofon & eorðe hreosaþ togadore.

1154.  O. E. Chron., an. 1135. & hi to gædere comen & wurðe sæhte.

1297.  R. Glouc. (Rolls), 8996. Hii were to gadere icome þis bataile to do.

c. 1380.  Wyclif, Sel. Wks., III. 442. God and iche membre of his Chirche bene weddid togedre.

c. 1400.  Lanfranc’s Cirurg., 142. Brynge þe parties togidere of þe wounde & sowe hem.

1549.  Compl. Scot., vi. 66. The rammis raschit there heydis to gyddir.

1600.  Holland, Livy, VI. xii. 224. When you see the battailes buckle together pell mell, and come to handstrokes.

1610.  Shaks., Temp., I. ii. 461. Ile manacle thy necke and feete together.

1703.  Moxon, Mech. Exerc., 194. To contain … both the Cheeks when they are shut together.

a. 1704.  [see ADD v. 4].

1850.  Tait’s Mag., XVII. 498/1. Our last extract tells how Dr. Chalmers and Edward Irving came together.

1894.  H. Drummond, Ascent of Man, 251. Two flints struck together yielded fire.

  2.  In one assembly, company, or body; in one place. (Not in OE., which used æt-gædere.)

c. 1220.  Bestiary, 369, in O. E. Misc., 12. Ðis wune he hauen hem bi-twen, Ðoȝ he an hundred to giddre ben.

c. 1250.  Gen. & Ex., 1897. So riche were growen hise sunen, Ðat he ne miȝte to gider wunen.

1382.  Wyclif, John xxi. 2. Ther weren to gidere Symount Petre, and Thomas, that is seid Didymus, and Nathanael [etc.].

c. 1400.  Maundev. (1839), xxiii. 247. Here wyfes ne dwelle not to gydere, but euery of hem be hire self.

1526.  Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W., 1531), 1. All christians gooth this pilgrymage all togyder in one company.

1607–12.  Bacon, Ess., Counsel (Arb.), 324. If they take the opinions of theire Councell, both seperately, and togither.

1749.  Fielding, Tom Jones, XVIII. v. Shall we take a hackney coach, and all of us together pay a visit to your friend?

1826.  J. Wilson, Noct. Ambr., Wks. 1855, I. 244. We’ll a’ get fou thegither.

  b.  Of two persons or things: In each other’s company; in union or contact.

c. 1315.  Shoreham, i. 1912–8. Þe sibbe mowe to gadere nauȝt Þe foerþe grees wyþ-inne … And ȝef oþer þe fifte of-takeþ, Togare moȝe hy dwelle.

1393.  Langl., P. Pl., C. XVIII. 22. Loue and leel by-leuye heeld lyf and soule to-gedere.

a. 1425.  Cursor M., 10571 (Laud). Sone after to-gethir [Cott. samen] they lay.

1483.  Rolls of Parlt., VI. 241/1. The said King Edward,… and the seid Elizabeth, lived together sinfully … in adultery.

1596.  Spenser, F. Q., VI. ii. 16. He and I together roade Upon our way.

c. 1645.  Howell, Lett. (1650), II. 113. You and I have eaten a great deal of salt together.

1726.  in W. Wing, Ann. Steeple Aston (1875), 54. Two lands lye together at Drywell.

1848.  Thackeray, Van. Fair, xxix. She gave George the queerest, knowingest look, when they were together.

  c.  In ideal combination; considered collectively; added or summed up. (Cf. PUT v. 52 e.)

1796.  Macneill, Will & Jean, III. i. What this warld is a’ thegither, If bereft o’ honest fame!

1849.  Macaulay, Hist. Eng., v. I. 645. Jeffreys boasted that he had hanged more traitors than all his predecessors together since the Conquest.

  d.  pred. † (a) In agreement, consonant (obs.); (b) Courting, or mutually engaged, as lovers.

1502.  Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W., 1506), I. ii. 11. It behoueth that the wordes & the doynge … be holly in ony wyse togyder.

1749.  Fielding, Tom Jones, VI. ii. She … knew better than anybody who and who were together.

  e.  Used expletively in addressing a number of persons. dial. (E. Anglia).

a. 1825.  Forby, Voc. E. Anglia, Together,… used in familiarly addressing a number of persons collectively. Ex. ‘Well, together, how are ye all?’

1850.  N. & Q., 1st Ser. II. 217/2. Where are you going together? (meaning several persons). What are you doing together?

1866.  J. G. Nall, Gt. Yarmouth & Lowestoft, 517. It has been wittily observed, that in Norfolk, ‘together’ is [the] plural [of ‘bor’] (a single person, male or female, being addressed as ‘bor or ’bo,’ two or more persons as ‘together’).

  3.  In reference to a single thing. a. With union or combination of parts or elements; into or in a condition of unity; so as to form a connected whole.

  To pull, shake oneself together: see the verbs.

a. 1300.  Cursor M., 550 (Cott.). of þir things … was adam cors to gedir graid. Ibid., 582. Now haf i sceud yow til hider, How tua thinges halds man to gider.

1521.  Fisher, Serm. agst. Luther, Wks. (1876), 324. Euery vertue that is gadred togyder is more stronger.

1562.  Turner, Herbal, II. 2. As runnynge or chese-lope maketh mylke runne together into cruddes.

1581.  Lambarde, Eiren., II. ii. (1588), 109. It standeth not well togither, that he should become bound to the Prince in x or xx pounds.

1652.  Needham, trans. Selden’s Mare Cl., 161. The matter hang’s well together, if wee say [etc.].

1832.  Examiner, 562/1. While society holds together, while life and property are … secure.

  b.  After such verbs as fold, roll, etc.: Of different parts (sides, ends, etc.): Into or in contact or junction, so as to form a compact body.

1480.  [see FOLD v.¹].

1526.  [see ROLL v.² 8].

1578.  Lyte, Dodoens, IV. vi. 552. His leaues be … crompled, and drawen togither or curled.

1637.  Rutherford, Lett., I. cxli. (1664), 279. Ye … shall one day see God take the heavens in his hands and fold them together like an old holly garment.

  4.  At the same time, at once, simultaneously. (Usually connoting ‘in combination or association.’)

c. 1200.  Vices & Virtues, 35. Ðe hali apostel namneð ðese þrie haliȝe mihtes to gedere.

c. 1375.  Sc. Leg. Saints, ii. (Paulus), 806. Þat he [Nero] mycht stand his towr in, And se all togeidir byrne.

1508.  Fisher, Penit. Ps. xxxii. Wks. (1876), 33. I shall knowlege togyder all my synnes.

1610.  Healey, Vives’ Comm. St. Aug. Citie of God, XI. ix. 416. Basil and Dionysius, and almost all the Latines … hold that God made althings together.

1662.  Stillingfl., Orig. Sacr., III. iii. § 4. We cannot believe that and the Scriptures to be true together.

1746.  Francis, trans. Horace, Epist., II. ii. 270. If Death … must mow Down Great and Small together at a Blow.

1849.  Macaulay, Hist. Eng., iv. I. 469. James found that the two things which he most desired could not be possessed together.

  5.  Without intermission, continuously, consecutively, uninterruptedly, ‘running,’ ‘on end.’ (In reference to time, less commonly to space.)

c. 1290.  S. Eng. Leg., I. 280/73. In þe Cite of tolouse ten ȝer to gadere he was.

1450–1530.  Myrr. Our Ladye, 29. Where the soulle was … sore tormented longe tyme togidre.

1580.  E. Campion, in Allen, Martyrd. (1908), 21. Tarying for wind four daies together.

1615.  W. Lawson, Country Housew. Gard. (1626), 8. Trees cannot beare fruit plentifully two yeeres together.

1630.  R. Johnson’s Kingd. & Commw., 44. That wall of China,… was continued and fortified for six hundred miles together.

1698.  Fryer, Acc. E. India & P., 124. Forests … on Fire two or three Miles together.

1840.  Gresley, Siege of Lichfield, 242. He [Cromwell] had a dozen different rooms at Hampton Court prepared for his night’s lodging, and never slept twice together in the same apartment.

1856.  F. E. Paget, Owlet of Owlst., 148. Her back aches … if she sits up for long together.

  6.  In concert or co-operation; with unity of action; unitedly; conjointly.

a. 1300.  Cursor M., 17351 (Cott.). Eftir þair sabat þai badd togedir, Þat [etc.].

c. 1330.  R. Brunne, Chron. (1810), 7. Þe Scottes & be Peihtes togider gan þei cheue, To waste alle Northumberland.

1474.  Caxton, Chesse, II. i. Birdes of whom the male and female haue to gyder the charge in kepynge and norisshinge of their yonge fowlis.

1538.  Starkey, England, I. i. 9. Conspyryng togydur in al vertue and honesty.

1807.  Wordsw., Alice Fell, viii. Together we released the Cloak.

1892.  Law Times Rep., LXIII. 776/1. The contract and the label together constituted a written warranty within the meaning of the … section.

  7.  In the way of, into, or in mutual action (friendly or hostile); with or against each other; mutually, reciprocally.

  † In quot. 1523 in reference to distance: = of each other.

c. 1350.  Will. Palerne, 1011. Þan eiþer hent oþer hastely in armes, & wiþ kene kosses kuþþed hem to gidere.

1377.  Langl., P. Pl., B. Prol. 46. Pilgrymes and palmers pliȝted hem togidere.

a. 1440.  Hylton, Scala Perf. (W. de W., 1494), I. li. This is my biddynge that ye loue you togyder as I loued you.

c. 1400.  Laud Troy Bk., 9244. With swerdes gode … Fauȝt thei to-gedur.

1477.  Earl Rivers (Caxton), Dictes, 68. Why it is that tresour and Science may not accorde to gider.

1523.  Ld. Berners, Froiss., I. xl. 55. They were within two leages toguyther.

1561.  T. Hoby, trans. Castiglione’s Courtyer, II. (1577), L vj b. Which … (as you knowe) are enimies togyther.

1686.  trans. Chardin’s Coronat. Solyman, 107. He resolv’d to set the King’s two Chief Eunuchs … together by the ears.

1766.  Goldsm., Vic. W., x. I could perceive … my wife and daughters in close conference together.

1855.  Lynch, Rivulet, XCVI. i. Yet sometimes, and in the sunniest weather, My work and I have fallen out together.

  † b.  After a trans. verb: = each other. Obs.

c. 1330.  R. Brunne, Chron. Wace (Rolls), 4863. [Men] þat syþen han loued to gedre wel.

1483.  Vulgaria abs Terentio, 7 b. Scolers shulde loue to syder lyke as thei were bredyr.

1525.  Ld. Berners, Froiss., II. cxxviii. [cxxiv.] 364. When they mete, and haue nat sene toguyder longe before.

a. 1548.  Hall, Chron., Hen. VIII., 200. After this day, the kyng and she neuer saw together.

  † c.  Well or ill together: agreeing well or ill; friendly or unfriendly. Obs.

1741.  Chesterf., Lett., 30 May. I believe we are yet well enough together for you to be glad to hear of my safe arrival. Ibid. (1765). Probably that is the Cause of their being so ill together. Ibid. (1766), 11 July. From the interview at Torgaw,… they will be either a great deal better or worse together.

  d.  After multiply: By or into one another. Cf. add together (1 b).

1709, 1885.  [see MULTIPLY v. 5. b].

1894.  Act 57 & 58 Vict., c. 60 Sch. 2 (3). The contents of the shaft trunk shall be ascertained by multiplying together the mean length, breadth, and depth of the trunk, and dividing the product by 100.

  e.  After belong: To one another; hence, to one or the same whole, company, or set. Cf. to hang together in 3.

1897.  A. Lang, Bk. Dreams & Ghosts, i. 20. The two fragments, which you have published separately … belong together.

1908.  Expositor, April, 335. The whole is too closely connected and must, therefore, belong together.

  8.  Together with (in various senses): Along with; in combination with, in addition to, or with the addition of; in company or co-operation with; at the same time as, simultaneously with.

1478.  Exch. Rolls Scotl., VIII. 603, note. For his servandis mete, togiddir with his horse luveraye.

1596.  Dalrymple, trans. Leslie’s Hist. Scot. (S.T.S.), I. 49. With a schip read, or hartsum hauining place, togithir with grene Cnowis upon the seysyde.

1608.  Topsell, Serpents (1658), 655. The labouring, that is the male Wasps, together with Autumn, make an end of their days.

1641.  J. Jackson, True Evang. T., II. 120. Simon … entred Persia, together with Thaddeus.

1664.  South, Serm. (1697), II. ii. 69. He … never weighs the Sin, but together with it He weighs the force of the Inducement.

1686.  trans. Chardin’s Trav. Persia, 21. The Gains and Advantages of a Constantinopolitan Embassie, together with the Splendor and Authority that belongs to it.

1858.  Penny Cycl., XI. 41/1. The former principality of Haliczia or Galiczia, which, together with a considerable portion of Red Russia, once formed part of Hungary.

  † 9.  Together with this; in addition, besides, at the same time, moreover. Obs. rare.

a. 1648.  Ld. Herbert, Hen. VIII. (1683), 147. This New invention of printing … as it had brought in and restored Books and Learning, so together it hath been the Occasion of those Sects and Schisms, which daily appeared in the World. Ibid., 236. The King understanding this, and together finding that their Numbers and Power did daily increase, advis’d to raise Forces.

  † 10.  In nonce-combinations (chiefly with a vbl. sb. or agent-n.), after L. con- or co-: as together-binding, -healing, -speaking (= colloquy, conversation), -words (= context), -worker (= co-worker, collaborator). Obs.

1382–8.  Wyclif, Gospels (K.O. I. 141). The *togidere bindingus.

1597.  A. M., trans. Guillemeau’s Fr. Chirurg., 45 b/2. The combinatione or *together healinge is hindered.

c. 1425.  St. Mary of Oignies, II. iv., in Anglia, VIII. 163/12. Yuel *togedir-spekynges harmeþ good maners. Ibid., viii. 173/22. Homely and often togedir-spekynge of seyntes.

c. 1449.  Pecock, Repr., III. ii. (Rolls), 283. The ful hool riȝt is expressid in these *to gidere wordis ‘Ȝeue to the dekenis citees forto dwelle in hem.’

1581.  J. Bell, Haddon’s Answ. Osor., 151. That the Apostles were *together workers with God: yet that those same together workemen should be hyred to worke in this Vyneard.

  † B.  prep. Along with, in addition to, with the addition of, with. Obs. rare.

1556.  Aurelio & Isab. (1608), E iv. Withe suttell communications unto their maedens, together a thousande written thinges that you fynde.

1583.  Stocker, Civ. Warres Lowe C., IV. 44. The Lordes Liutenauntes … together all Magistrates and Chief Officers … shall be bounde to promise to obserue … this vnion.

1657.  R. Ligon, Barbadoes, 25. You shall finde … the worth and value of it, together the whole processe of the great work of Sugar-making.

  C.  as sb. Condition of being together, union; togetherness. nonce-use.

1880.  G. Meredith, Tragic Com. (1881), 271. In their secrecy: in the close and boundless together of clasped hands.

  Hence Togetherhood, Togetherness (nonce-wds.), the state or condition of being together or being united; union, association; † Togetherward, -wards adv., towards each other, together.

1884.  Nottinghamshire Guardian, 22 Aug., 5/5. The fortissimos and *togetherhood were characterised by resonance and brilliancy.

1896.  Mary C. Clarke, Long Life, 194. The most exquisite precision of tune, the most perfect togetherhood in beginning and ending phrases.

1656.  [? J. Sergeant], trans. T. White’s Peripat. Inst., 302. This *togetherness must not be referr’d to the time but to the way of knowledge.

1892.  Monist, II. 218. Even if the link is a feeling it cannot be less than a feeling of the togetherness of two other feelings.

c. 1205.  Lay., 9868. *To-gædereward heo uusden alswa heo wolden fehten.

1530.  Palsgr., Introd., 17. They bryng theyr chawes togetherwardes agayne.

a. 1553.  Udall, Royster D., IV. ii. (Arb.), 60. Now I shrew their best Christmasse chekes both togetherward.

c. 1630.  Sanderson, Serm. (1681), II. 253. We shall not now stand so much upon any nice distinguishing of the terms, but take them togetherward.