A fowling-piece.
1820. Lucks like a shot-gun, mighty uncertain, is a common saying, and indeed the poor shot-gun is a standing but for ridicule [as compared with a rifle].James Hall, Letters from the West, pp. 867 (Lond.). (Italics in the original.)
1833. This is a poor shooting-iron for a man to have about himit might do for young men to tote in a settlement, but it is of no use in the woodsno more than a shot-gun.James Hall, Legends of the West, p. 262 (Phila.).
1862. We have been told sometimes that [the Confederate soldiers] are armed with shot-guns.Mr. John B. Henderson of Mo., U.S. Senate, July 10: Cong. Globe, p. 3222/3.