The Know-nothings were a political party, 1853–9, who called themselves “the American party,” but usually said they knew nothing of its organization.

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1854.  A Few Thoughts on Know-Nothingism.Yale Lit. Mag., xx. 12–6 (Oct.).

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1854.  Is there any party, faction, or segment of a party, except that misguided and prescriptive faction, called “Native Americans” or “Know-Nothings,” who have the hardihood or the courage to propose to repeal the naturalization laws of the United States? I sincerely hope and trust not!—Mr. Dodge of Iowa, U.S. Senate, July 10: Cong. Globe, p. 1667/2.

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1854.  The origin and character of Know-nothingism were discussed at length by Mr. Barry of Mississippi, House of Repr., Dec. 18: id., pp. 53–60, App.

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1855.  The know-nothings of the great States are sound on the slavery question.—New York Herald, May 21.

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1855.  

        A matron of Portland (no matter what street)
Fell into a wondrous excitement of late,
A neighbor, at midnight, had told her that Hodge,
Her husband, had gone to a Know-nothing lodge.
Oregon Weekly Times, June 2.    

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1855.  Farmers! did you get up Know-Nothingism? No. It was got up amongst “stove-pipe hats” and patent black leather shoes.—Id., June 16.

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1855.  Know-nothing-ism in its hideous deformity now stands unmasked in Cincinnati.—Cincinn. Enquirer, n.d.

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1856.  Washington is, at this time, governed by the Know Nothings, and the magistrate, in disposing of the case, was probably actuated by a well-founded dread of secret conspiracies, inquisitions, and persecutions.—Olmsted, ‘Slave States,’ p. 15. (N.E.D.)

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1862.  By means of a secret organization emanating from that fecund source of every political infamy, New England, and named Know-Nothingism or ‘Sammyism’—from the boasted exclusive devotion of the fraternity to the United States—our city, from being the abode of decency, of liberality, generosity and justice, has become a perfect hell.—The True Delta, New Orleans, May 6: quoted in Parton’s ‘General Butler in New Orleans,’ p. 299.

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