See quotations.

1

1805.  On the banks of the rivers and creeks are a great many Cray-Fish. This is a mischievous little creature to dams and water courses, by digging holes which let off the water.—Thaddeus M. Harris, ‘State of Ohio,’ p. 117. (Italics in the original.)

2

1823.  About nine to twelve inches of surface, good soil, rather light, is found. Underneath is white clay, which an animal like a crab, but called a crawfish, throws up into numerous hills, bigger than the large ant-hills in old English pastures.—W. Faux, ‘Memorable Days in America,’ p. 283 (Lond.).

3

1826.  Innumerable little cones of earth raised by the crawfish, a circumstance which is well known to indicate a cold and wet soil.—T. Flint, ‘Recollections,’ p. 265.

4