One who seeks a quarrel is said to go about with a chip on his shoulder, daring others to knock it off.

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1840.  Jonathan’s blood is “pretty considerable riz” anyhow, and it wouldn’t take so much as knocking a chip off a boy’s shoulder to make it a darnationed sight riz-er.—Daily Pennant (St. Louis), May 9.

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1855.  Leland, in his last issue, struts out with a chip on his shoulder, and dares Bush to knock it off.—Weekly Oregonian, March 17.

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1882.  You drop all of this stuff about Conkling…. He is not prancing around with a chip on his shoulder, challenging all mankind to battle.—Letter of S. W. Dorsey to President-elect Garfield, in the papers of Aug. 13–4. [Probably spurious. The alleged date is Feb. 7, 1881.]

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1890.  They were the class of men who carry the chip balanced very lightly on the shoulder, and rather seek than avoid its jostling.—Mrs. Custer, ‘Following the Guidon,’ p. 117 (N.Y.).

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1901.  They [the Chilean officers] were smart enough to see that while I had no ‘chip on my shoulder,’ yet I would yank up the first man who ventured to neglect the least point of etiquette.—R. D. Evans, ‘A Sailor’s Log,’ p. 264.

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