American traveler and diplomat, born in Pennsylvania, and early in life entered the United States consular service as second secretary of legation at Pekin, China. From that time until 1892 he traveled or resided in the Orient, studying the geography of the country and the ethnology of the inhabitants. In 1893 he was appointed chief clerk of the Department of State at Washington; Third Assistant Secretary in 1894 and First Assistant in 1896. His works include: Udanabarga: A Collection of Verses from the Buddhist Canon (1883); The Life of the Buddha (1884); Diary of a Journey Through Mongolia and Tibet (1894); and Notes on the Ethnology of Tibet (1895).
