American missionary; born in Livonia, IN, on the 10th of April 1827; graduated at Indiana State University in 1846, and at the Presbyterian Theological Seminary of New Albany, IN (now McCormick, Chicago), in 1849. He became missionary, under the Presbyterian Board, at Ningpo, China, where he remained ten years, and in 1858 acted as interpreter for the United States minister, in negotiating the treaty of 1858 with China. In 1863 he founded the Presbyterian mission at Peking, and was in charge till 1868. In 1869 he became president of Tungwên College of Peking, and professor of international law. He was the adviser of Chinese officials in questions of international law, notably in the conflict with France in 1884–85. In 1880–81 he was sent by China to Europe and the United States to report on methods of education, and in 1885 was made a mandarin of the third rank. Dr. Martin published, in English, The Chinese: Their Education, Philosophy and Letters (1881). In French, he published papers in the transactions of various learned societies of Europe. In Chinese his works include Evidences of Christianity (1885); Religious Allegories (1857); and translations of Woolsey’s Introduction to the Study of International Law (1875); and of De Martin’s Guide Diplomatique (1879). See also A Cycle of Cathay.
