American naturalist and educator, born in Boston, MA, on the 1st of August 1821; graduated from Harvard in 1840, and as M.D. in 1843. He completed his studies in France, and then began the practice of his profession in Boston, MA, also acting as demonstrator of anatomy in Harvard Medical School from 1845 to 1848. During the Civil War he was a surgeon in the Union army, and in 1866 was mustered out with the brevet rank of lieutenant-colonel. From 1867 to 1869 he was instructor in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and from 1869 to 1878 professor of zoology and physiology. He afterward devoted himself to literature and lecturing, and wrote Science and Mechanism (1854); The Wonders of the Yosemite Valley and of California (1871); and An American in Iceland (1876). He also translated Andry’s Diseases of the Heart (1847); and edited Smith’s History of the Human Species (1852). He edited for three years the Annual of Scientific Discovery (1866–69).
