American political economist, born at Ripley, NY, on the 13th of April 1854; educated at Fredonia and at Dartmouth and Columbia Colleges, and at the University of Heidelberg, Germany; professor of political economy at Johns Hopkins University (1885–92); subsequently director of the school of political science and professor of political economy in the University of Wisconsin, a position he continues to fill. His writings have been freely criticised on the score of socialistic tendencies, the State Superintendent of Public Education of Wisconsin having charged him with the inculcation of pernicious theories, an accusation from which he was officially exonerated by the board of regents of the university. His works include French and German Socialism in Modern Times (1883); The Past and Present of Political Economy (1884); Recent American Socialism (1885); The Labor Movement in America (1886); Organization of the American Economical Association (1886); Cooperation in America (1887); Problems of To-Day (1888); An Introduction to Political Economy (1889); Social Aspects of Christianity (1889); Outlines of Economics (1893); Socialism and Social Reform, a publication particularly distasteful to his professional opponents (1894); and Taxation in American States and Cities, one of his more recent works.
