Dutch theologian, born at Leer in East Friesland, Prussia, on the 8th of October 1802, and educated at the Gymnasium and university of Gröningen. For three years (1826–1829) he was pastor of the Reformed Church at Ulrum, and then entered upon his lifelong duties as professor of theology at Gröningen. With his colleagues L. G. Pareau, J. F. van Vordt, and W. Muurling he edited from 1837 to 1872 the Waarheid in Liefde. In this review and in his numerous books he vigorously upheld the orthodox faith against the Dutch “modern theology” movement. Many of his works were written in Latin, including Disputatio, qua ep. ad Hebraeos cum Paulin. epistolis comparatur (1826), Institutiones historiae ecclesiae (1835), Institutio theologiae naturalis (1842), Encyclopædia theologi christiani (1844). Others, in Dutch, were The Divine Education of Humanity up to the Coming of Jesus Christ (3 vols., 1846), The Nature of the Gospel Ministry (1858), The “Modern Theology” of the Netherlands (1869), The Old Catholic Movement (1877). He became professor emeritus in 1872, and died at Gröningen on the 5th of December 1886.
