[Pierre-Étienne].  Franco-American author, born in France, in L’Île-de-Ré, on the 3rd of June 1760. He removed to America in 1777, as secretary to Baron Steuben, and was admitted to the practice of law about 1784. His best work is The Indian Languages of North America (1835). He also wrote a legal work, The Nature and Scope of the Jurisdiction of the Courts of the United States (1824). He died in Philadelphia on the 1st of April 1844. See also Cambridge History.