[Otto Viktor Karl]. Prussian general, born on the 18th of February 1855 at Stolp. After he had attained the rank of divisional commander in the German army he entered the Turkish service in 1913 for a period of five years as chief of a commission for reforming the Turkish army. He was likewise given command of the I. Turkish Army Corps, an appointment to which the Russian Government strongly objected. Liman’s appointment was accordingly annulled, but he remained Inspector of the Turkish army. In January 1914 he was promoted to be a Prussian general of cavalry, and in November of the same year, after the outbreak of the World War, he was placed in chief command of the Turkish troops in the Caucasus. In March 1915 he took command of the V. Turkish Army on the Dardanelles, and successfully opposed the attacks of the British forces and the French contingent on the peninsula of Gallipoli. In 1918 he was given the chief command of the Turkish forces in Palestine, where he shared in the disaster which overtook them at the hands of Gen. Allenby’s forces and narrowly escaped being captured. After the close of the military operations he was interned at Constantinople at the end of 1918, but was liberated in the course of the following year. He recounted his war experiences in Fünf Jahre Türkei.
