German archæologist and philologist, born at Königsberg on the 24th of July 1824; educated at the universities of Königsberg, Leipsic and Berlin; made a tour of scientific investigation in Italy (1853–54); became professor of classics and archæology at the University of Königsberg in 1859. He made important contributions to Homeric literature and classical archæology. His best-known work is Darstellung aus der Sittengeschichte Roms. (3 vols., 1865–70). He is recognized as an authority on the description of the ruins of ancient Rome.
