British author, born in Hull, England, in 1829. He studied zoology in Königsberg University; was called to the bar in 1870, but never practiced; engaged in manufacturing enterprises, but left the management to his sons, and devoted most of his time to travel and writing; founded and was president of the Liverpool Science and Art Classes, and frequently acted as an intermediary in labor troubles, especially in the Dock Strikes of 1879. He wrote a scientific work, Humble Creatures (1860); Roumania, Past and Present (1882); India, Past and Present (1889); the social works, The German Workingman (1869) and The History of Drink (1879). He was editor of a quarterly review called Subjects of the Days.