American historian and educator, born in Bennington, VT, on the 29th of November 1846; graduated from the University of Vermont in 1869, adopting journalism as his profession until 1880, when he taught the history and theory of politics and international law at Ann Arbor and Cornell. He wrote German Political Leaders (1870); History of Prussia to the Accession of Frederick the Great (1884); History of Prussia under Frederick the Great (2 vols., 1888).