French Arabist, son of the following; born in Paris on the 17th of June 1844. He received the degree of doctor of philosophy from Göttingen University in 1864. He was employed in the French National Library, in the department of manuscripts, from 1866 to 1870. In 1870 he was placed in charge of the courses in Arabic at the College of Oriental Languages, and in 1879 was made professor there. Since 1887 he has been in charge of the department of religious knowledge. Among his writings are Notes on Arabic Grammar (1873); The Science of Religions and Islamism (1886); and Literary History of the Old Testament, a translation (1873).
