American surgeon and bacteriologist, born in Hartwick, NY, on the 8th of June 1838. In 1861, after his graduation at the New York College of Physicians and Surgeons, he received the appointment of assistant surgeon in the Union army. He served throughout the Civil War, and after its close continued in the service. In 1875 he was promoted surgeon, in 1891 deputy surgeon-general, and in 1893 surgeon-general with the rank of brigadier-general. He represented the United States at a number of sanitary conventions and special commissions; made a special study of bacteriology, and published Bacteria (1884); Malaria and Malarial Diseases (1884); and A Manual of Bacteriology (1892).
