[Jules Gabriel]. French educationalist, born at Albi. He entered the École Normale Supérieure in 1862 and became professor of philosophy. In 1876 he was appointed professor in the Faculty of Letters of Toulouse, and upon the creation of the École normale d’institutrices at Fontenay aux Roses he became teacher of pedagogy (1880). From 1881 to 1889 he was deputy for Lavaur in the chamber, and took an active part in the discussions on public education. Defeated at the elections of 1889, he was appointed rector of the academy of Poitiers in 1890, and five years later to the academy of Lyons. He died on the 23rd of March 1913. His principal publications are his Histoire critique des doctrines de l’éducation en France (1879); Éléments d’éducation civique (1881), a work placed on the index at Rome, but very widely read in the primary schools of France; Cours de pédagogie théorique et pratique (1885; 13th ed., 1897); The Intellectual and Moral Development of the Child, in English (2 vols., New York, 1896–1902); and a series of monographs on Les Grands Éducateurs.
