American Sanskrit scholar, born in Norwich, CT, on the 8th of July 1850. He graduated at Yale in 1871, was a graduate student there (18711873) under James Hadley and W. D. Whitney, and in Germany (18731876) studied Sanskrit under Weber and Roth and philology under Georg Curtius and Leskien. He was professor of Sanskrit at Johns Hopkins University in 18761880 and subsequently at Harvard University. In 1889 he travelled in India and bought for Harvard University Sanskrit and Prākrit books and manuscripts, which, with those subsequently bequeathed to the university by Fitzedward Hall, make the most valuable collection of its kind in America, and made possible the Harvard Oriental Series, edited by Professor Lanman. In 18791884 he was secretary and editor of the Transactions, and in 18891890 president of the American Philological Association, and in 18841894 he was corresponding secretary of the American Oriental Society, in 18971907 vice-president, and in 19071908 president. In the Harvard Oriental Series he translated (vol. iv.) into English Rājaçekharas Karpūra-Manjarī (1900), a Prākrit drama, and (vols. vii. and viii.) revised and edited Whitneys translation of, and notes on, the Atharva-Veda Samhitā (2 vols., 1905); he published A Sanskrit Reader, with Vocabulary and Notes (2 vols., 18841888); and he wrote on early Hindu pantheism and contributed the section on Brahmanism to Messages of the Worlds Religions. See also Buddhism.