German philologist, born in Cassel, Germany, on the 1st of June 1820. After studying at Göttingen, Marburg, Leipsic and Berlin, he was for a time professor of Romance literature at Marburg, and from 1862 until his death he wrote numerous essays on Spanish and Italian literature in the Year Book of Romance Literature. His best-known and most valuable work is A General History of the Literature of the Middle Ages (1874). Others of his writings are A Study of the Sources of the History of Spain (1849) and a Manual of Italian Literature (1854). He died in Leipsic on the 1st of July 1890.
