a. (sb.) Path. [f. TYPHUS + -OID; cf. Gr. τῡφώδης, F. typhoïde, Pg. typhoideo, Sp., It. tifoideo.]
1. Resembling or characteristic of typhus; applied to a class of febrile diseases exhibiting symptoms similar to those of typhus, or to such symptoms themselves, esp. to a state of delirious stupor occurring in certain fevers.
1800. Med. Jrnl., III. 95. In its first stage, this fever did not appear to be contagious; but it was evidently so after the eleventh or fourteenth day, when the typhoid state was induced.
1813. J. Thomson, Lect. Inflam., 175. In low typhous fever, and in typhoid inflammatory affections.
1846. G. E. Day, trans. Simon’s Anim. Chem., II. 245. The state of the urine in typhoid fevers.
1897. Allbutt’s Syst. Med., II. 38. Acute general tuberculosis or acute typhoid tuberculosis as it is sometimes called.
1905. H. D. Rolleston, Dis. Liver, 316. A ‘typhoid’ or comatose condition ushers in death.
2. Typhoid fever: a specific eruptive fever (formerly supposed to be a variety of typhus), characterized by intestinal inflammation and ulceration: more distinctively, and now more usually, called enteric fever.
1845. Budd, Dis. Liver, 70. I have never seen abscess of the liver noticed in conjunction with ulcerated intestine in typhoid fever.
1877. Roberts, Handbk. Med. (ed. 3), I. 119. Typhoid fever originates from a specific poison, which is quite distinct from that causing typhus.
1890. Lancet, 22 Nov., 1133/1. As to typhoid fever, the principal factor in its propagation was … drinking water.
b. Of or pertaining to, characteristic of, or affected with typhoid fever.
1871. Tyndall, Fragm. Sc. (1879), I. v. 178. So surely does the typhoid virus increase and multiply into typhoid fever.
1890. Billings, Med. Dict., Typhoid … tongue, the black, dry tongue seen in enteric and typhus revers.
1899. Allbutt’s Syst. Med., VII. 483. The typhoid patient has some tympanites as a rule. Ibid., 600. A typhoid rash came out.
1904. Brit. Med. Jrnl., 10 Sept., 596. Infection with the typhoid bacillus.
1909. Brooklyn Daily Eagle, 29 June, 1/3. Mary Mallon, who is known as ‘Typhoid Mary,’ was produced in the Supreme Court in Manhattan,… in order to obtain her release from North Brother Island, where she complains she has been restrained of her liberty for over two years.
B. sb. Short for typhoid fever: see 2 above.
Pig typhoid, a name for swine fever.
1861. Tanner, Pract. Med., II. i. (ed. 4), 153. The fatal cases in typhus and typhoid are one in between five and six.
1887. Times, 1 Feb., 9/6. Swine fever … being known in different parts of Great Britain by the names of pig typhoid, pig distemper.
1893. Syd. Soc. Lex., Pig typhoid, swine plague.
1898. Daily News, 13 Dec., 3/4. Jenner’s great contribution to medical knowledge was the differentiation of typhus and typhoid.
1902. R. Bagot, Donna Diana, xxi. In typhoid there are often relapses.
b. A case of typhoid; a patient suffering from typhoid. colloq.
1890. Pall Mall G., 8 Sept., 2/3. I have heard of nurses who started out of their sleep and got out of bed under the impression they had still, as they put it, their ‘two-hour typhoids to feed.’
1900. Westm. Gaz., 27 June, 1/2. There were 316 patients, of whom half were typhoids.
c. Comb. as typhoid-bacillus, -carrier, -infection; typhoid-contaminated, -like, -poisoned adjs.
1897. Allbutt’s Syst. Med., iv. 54. Pansini … obtained typhoid-like bacilli in three dysenteric abscesses.
1899. Cagney, trans. Jaksch’s Clin. Diagn., vi. (ed. 4), 246. The typhoid-bacillus … infests the discharges of this disease.
1902. Daily Chron., 18 Dec., 5/1. Typhoid-contaminated sewnge.
1903. Daily Mail, 10 Sept., 3/4. Typhoid-poisoned oysters.
1908. Daily Chron., 8 Sept., 1/4. Typhoid-infection on a large scale. Ibid. ‘Typhoid carriers,’ persons … long cured … of the active disease, yet act as culture-merchants of its germs.
