[a. F. tube (1460 in Godef., Compl.), ad. L. tub-us.] I. Artificial.
1. A hollow body, usually cylindrical, and long in proportion to its diameter, of wood, metal, glass, or other material, used to convey or contain a liquid or fluid, or for other purposes; a pipe.
A more recent and more generic term than pipe, in which the form of the thing is chiefly considered, and thus used in reference to many things to which pipe is not applied, pipe being an older term retained for tubes used for the passage of liquids, smoke, air, or gas, while tube is applied to most recent inventions; but the distinction is often arbitrary, depending on the custom of the workshops.
1658. Phillips, Tube,… any long pipe through which water or other liquid substance is conveyed.
1660. Boyle, New Exp. Phys. Mech., i. 33. The Mercury in the [barometric] Tube fell down lower, about three inches, at the top of the Mountain then at the bottom.
1690. Locke, Hum. Und., II. iv. § 3. When the Sucker in a Pump is drawn, the space it filled in the Tube is certainly the same, whether any other body follows the motion of the Sucker or no.
1837. Goring & Pritchard, Microgr., 206. [In] a solar microscope … B, the tube containing the condensing lens.
1846. Greener, Sc. Gunnery, 288. Lateral pressure on the sides of the tube of the gun.
1861. N. A. Woods, Pr. Wales in Canada & U.S., 122. The whole Tube [of a tubular bridge] was first actually built in England and sent out piece meal.
b. = TUBING, material of a tubular form.
1823. J. Badcock, Dom. Amusem., 78. Some feet or yards … of that more pliable composition tube, employed by the makers of beer engines.
1893. J. A. Hodges, Elem. Photogr. (1907), 87. A piece of india rubber tube.
2. In specific applications usually indicated by context. a. A glass or other tube used in chemistry; esp. = TEST-TUBE. Tube of safety = safety-tube (SAFETY 10).
1800. trans. Lagrange’s Chem., I. 60. Melt the phosphorus in boiling water, and apply to it one of the ends of the tube, while you hold the other in your mouth.
1807. T. Thomson, Chem. (ed. 3), II. 207. A tube of safety is a tube open at its upper end, and having its lower end plunged in water.
1827. Faraday, Chem. Manip., i. (1842), 21. Glass tubes of various sizes closed at one end. Ibid., xiv. 307. The best tubes are those made of Bohemian potash glass, and used by Liebig in his analyses of organic bodies.
b. A tubular surgical instrument; a cannula; an intubation-tube.
1803. Med. Jrnl., IX. 7. The tube is to be passed downwards until it again reaches the substance to be extracted.
1857. Dunglison, Med. Lex., Tube, Œsophageal, stomach tube…. Rectal tube, defecation tube.
1877. Knight, Dict. Mech., s.v., (Surgical tribes) a. An esophageal tube, capable of being passed into the stomach. b. An elastic gum tube passed per anum into the colon…. c. A tracheal tube.
1902. Brit. Med. Jrnl., 3 July. Owing to the depth of the wound two drainage tubes were introduced at the time of operation.
c. A fire-tube or water-tube in a steam-boiler; a boiler-tube.
1833. N. Arnott, Physics (ed. 5), II. 32. In a long waggon-shaped boiler the tubes … should be made flat and broad enough to reach from side to side.
1903. Daily Chron., 7 Jan., 7/2. In the fire-tube or cylindrical boiler the fire and smoke went through the tubes, and in the water-tube the fire was outside the tubes and the water passed through them.
d. A small collapsible cylinder of tin or lead used to hold semi-liquid substances, as oil-colors.
1841. Rand, Patent Specif., No. 8863. Their contents may easily be squeezed out by collapsing the said tubes or cases.
1877. Knight, Dict. Mech., 2643/1. Collapsible tin tubes for artists’ colors.
1881. [see tube-color in 12 b].
e. In wool or worsted spinning: cf. tube yarn in 12 b, and TUBE v. 2.
1884. West. Morn. News, 5 Sept., 7/4. The foreign yarn trade keeps pretty brisk, particularly in lustre wefts, and similar yarns on the tube.
f. (See quot.)
1877. Knight, Dict. Mech., Tube,… 4. the barrel of a chain-pump.
3. An optical instrument of tubular form, esp. a telescope: more fully optic tube. Now arch.
1651. [see OPTIC A. 4].
1668. Pepys, Diary, 4 Dec. Wrote a letter at the Board, by the help of a tube, to Lord Brouncker. Ibid. (1668–9), 14 March. My eyes being very bad, and … I forced to find a way to use by turns with my tube, one after another.
a. 1718. Prior, Solomon, III. 470. Of his fair Deeds a distant View I took; But turn’d the Tube upon his Faults to look.
1781. Cowper, Charity, 387. Some grave optician … finds that though his tubes assist the sight, They cannot give it.
1807. J. Barlow, Columb., VII. 386. On the tall decks, their curious chiefs explore, With optic tube, our camp-encumber’d shore.
1867. G. Gilfillan, Night, iv. 116. To the silent tube in Herschel’s hand A hundred suns spring up.
† 4. Applied to a tobacco-pipe. poet. Obs. rare.
1736. I. H. Browne, Pipe of Tobacco, Poems (1768), 117. Little tube of mighty pow’r, Charmer of an idle hour.
1784. Cowper, Task, V. 55. With pressure of his thumb To adjust the fragrant charge of a short tube, That fumes beneath his nose.
† 5. A cannon; also a rifle or hand-gun. poet.
1762. Falconer, Ode Dk. of York, 138. The ships their horrid tubes display, Tier over tier.
1801. Sporting Mag., XVII. 148. With curious skill the deathful tube is made.
1816. Byron, Siege of Cor., iii. To point the tube, the lance to wield.
b. A small pipe introduced through the vent, formerly used in firing cannon; a friction-tube, quill-tube, or priming-tube.
1797. Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3), VIII. 230/2. Firing it [gunpowder] with tubes, introduced at a vent bored through the button and breech of the gun, of different lengths, so as to reach the different parts of the powder.
1828. Webster, Tube, in artillery, an instrument of tin, used in quick firing.
1867. Smyth, Sailor’s Word-bk., Tubes, for guns, a kind of portable priming, for insertion into the vent,—of various patterns.
c. The inner cylinder of a built-up gun, upon which the outer case is shrunk. Cf. TUBAGE 1 b.
1895. in Funk’s Stand. Dict.
6. a. A musical wind-instrument, a pipe. poet. rare. b. The main cylinder of a wind-instrument (Cent. Dict., 1891).
1820. Keats, Hyperion, I. 206. Solemn tubes, Blown by the serious Zephyrs, gave of sweet And wandering sounds, slow-breathed melodies.
7. a. A pneumatic dispatch-tube.
1860. Once a Week, 28 July, 130/2. Written messages are sucked through tubes…. We hear a whistle; this is to give notice that a despatch is about to be put into the tube at Mincing Lane, two-thirds of a mile distant.
1861, 1874. [see DISPATCH sb. 12].
1866, 1894. [implied in tube-journey, tube-room: see 12].
1905. Daily Chron., 27 May, 4/3. From Whiteley’s 6,194 parcels were dispatched in five hours, of which 78 per cent. could have been sent by tube.
b. The cylindrical tunnel in which an underground electric railway runs; also short for tube-railway. colloq.
Twopenny Tube, the Central London Railway, opened in 1900: see TWOPENNY.
1900. H. D. Browne, in Londoner, 30 June (heading), The Twopenny Tube.
1900. Punch, 4 July, 7/1. Our sprightly contemporary the Londoner calls this line ‘The Twopenny Tube.’
1901. Lancet, 2 Nov., 1209/2. A good portion of the air must be driven backwards and forwards unchanged in the tube.
1902. Westm. Gaz., 24 Oct., 2/3. When the phrase ‘the twopenny tube’ came into existence … a similar electric ‘tube’ had been in regular running for close upon ten years.
1905. Rider Haggard, in Gardener’s Year, May, 165. The first part of my journey … was by Tube.
8. Physics. A tubular figure conceived as being formed by lines of force or action passing through every point of a closed curve; as tube of flow (see FLOW sb.1 1 b), tube of force, tube of induction.
1878. W. K. Clifford, Dynamic, 199. If we take a small closed curve, and draw lines of flow through all points on it, the tubular surface traced out by these lines is called a tube of flow.
1881. [see FLOW sb.1 1 b].
1885. Watson & Burbury, Math. Th. Electr. & Magn., I. 104. The portions of any surfaces in an electric field intercepted by the same tube of force are called corresponding surfaces,… the algebraic sum of the electricities included in the tube in its passage from any one surface to any other.
1902. Sloane, Stand. Electr. Dict., Tubes of Force, aggregations of lines of force, either electrostatic or magnetic. They generally have a truncated, conical or pyramidal shape and are not hollow. Every cross-section contains the same number of lines.
II. Natural.
9. Anat. and Zool. A hollow cylindrical vessel or organ in the animal body; a canal, duct, passage, or pipe, as in the circulatory, alimentary, respiratory, reproductive, or excretory systems; often preceded by a defining word, as alimentary, bronchial, Eustachian, Fallopian, intestinal tube, etc.: see these words.
[cf. 1598. Florio, Tubo,… the pipe wherethrough the marrow of the backe bone runneth.
1611. Cotgr., Tube, a Conduit-pipe; also, the hollow of the back-bone, or the pipe through which the marrow thereof doth runne.]
1661. Blount, Glossogr. (ed. 2).
1696. Phillips (ed. 5), Fallopian Tubes, two slender Passages proceeding from the Womb.
1741, 1755. Eustachian tube [see EUSTACHIAN].
1809. Med. Jrnl., XXI. 400. The œsophagus … that animated tube.
1826. Kirby & Sp., Entomol., IV. xli. 128. Connected by a slender tube with each mandible in spiders is a vessel with spiral folds, which seems properly to belong to this head.
1831. J. Davies, Man. Mat. Med., 374. Its passage in the intestinal tube is attended with the same phenomena.
1904. Brit. Med. Jrnl., 10 Sept., 584. The main depôts of lymphocytes … are round the hollow tubes of the body.
b. One of the siphous of a mollusk.
1839. Darwin, Voy. Nat., i. (1852), 8. It [cuttle-fish] could … take good aim by directing the tube or siphon on the under side of its body.
10. A hollow cylindrical channel in a plant; spec. in Bot. the lower united portion of a gamopetalous corolla or gamosepalous calyx; also, a united circle of stamens.
a. 1704. Locke, Elem. Nat. Philos., ix. (1754), 34. This [juice] is convey’d by the stalk up into the branches, and leaves, through little, and in some plants, imperceptible tubes.
1760. J. Lee, Introd. Bot., I. iii. (1765), 7. Monopetalous [corolla] … consists of two Parts, viz. the Tube, or lower Part, which is usually Tube-shaped; and the Limb, or upper Part.
1776. Withering, Brit. Plants (1796), IV. 310. Tubes white, brownish with age.
1807. J. E. Smith, Phys. Bot., 394. Syngenesia. Stamens united by their Anthers into a tube, rarely by their Filaments also.
1884. Bower & Scott, De Bary’s Phaner., 187. The laticiferous tubes permeate the whole body of the plant, in most cases as a continuous system.
11. Applied to other tubular or cylindrical objects or formations of natural origin.
1831. Literary Gaz., 15 Jan., 44/2. Lightning Tubes—In the neighbourhood of the old castle of Remstein … there have been found this summer very firm and long vitreous tubes.
1860. Tyndall, Glac., II. xxv. 362. The tube in fact resembled a vast organ-pipe.
1865, 1884. [see FULGURITE].
1878. Huxley, Physiogr., 190. The molten matter … thus forms a hard stony tube lining the volcanic chimney.
III. 12. attrib. and Comb., as tube attendant, -holder, -room, system, trade, -vase, -wall, -work, -worker; tube-rolling sb. and adj.; tube eyed, -like, -shaped adjs.; in sense 2 a, as tube-apparatus, -atmolyser, -bath, -chemistry, -furnace, -receiver -retort; in sense 7 b, as tube bill (BILL sb.3 3), conductor, mileage, railway, -route, station, train, traveller, tunnel.
1827. Faraday, Chem. Manip., xiv. (1842), 315. Sulphur may be combined with platina, and phosphorus with lime, in a *tube apparatus.
1873. Watts, Fownes’ Chem. (ed. 11), 126. Atmolysis is best exhibited by means of an instrument called the *tube-atmolyser.
1903. Daily Chron., 15 Feb., 1/7. A *tube attendant at the G.P.O.
1827. Faraday, Chem. Manip., xvi. (1842), 400. *Tube-baths for the conveyance of limited temperatures either by the intermedium of water, solutions, or metals.
1902. Westm. Gaz., 5 Nov., 11/1. The County Council has found itself unable to frame a *Tube Bill.
1871. Evening Telegraph (PA), 8 Feb., 4/2. The streets can be vacated during the operations of the *tube borers.
1827. Faraday, Chem. Manip., vii. (1842), 225. Processes of this kind will be described and illustrated in Section xvi. on *Tube Chemistry.
1909. Westm. Gaz., 18 Feb., 9/4. *Tube conductor’s shocking death.
1792. Southey, To Contemplation, v. I … watch’d the *tube-eyed snail Creep o’er his long mood-glittering trail.
1827. Faraday, Chem. Manip., xiv. (1842), 309. Placing two bricks edgeways, across a loose square grate,… makes an excellent *tube-furnace. Ibid., xix. 505. The tube furnace … is an excellent instrument for softening considerable lengths of tubes.
1897. Westm. Gaz., 16 Dec., 3/1. A cigar *tube-holder that prevents the odoriferous tube from spoiling his pocket.
1905. Brit. Med. Jrnl., 16 Sept., 618. The tube-holder is graduated so that the tube may be easily moved a distance of 21/2 inches.
1866. Geo. Eliot, F. Holt, Introd. The *tube-journey can never lend much to picture and narrative.
1847–9. Todd’s Cycl. Anat., IV. 27/1. Animals whose *tube-like bodies are prolonged deeply into the common mass.
1898. P. Manson, Trop. Diseases, xviii. 291. Sometimes tube-like pieces, evidently rings of mucous membrane … are discharged.
1902. Westm. Gaz., 21 April, 10/1. The *‘tube’ mileage in London.
1900. Daily News, 3 Dec., 5/2. One of the most useful of the new *tube railways.
1906. Charlotte Mansfield, Girl & Gods, vi. The warm stench from the Tube railway assailed her nostrils.
1827. Faraday, Chem. Manip., xxiv. (1842), 644. Make some closed tubes,… some *tube receivers … and other useful apparatus. Ibid., xix. 510. *Tube retorts … are made by first closing the end of a piece of tube, and then [etc.].
1908. Westm. Gaz., 13 Aug., 8/1. *Tube-rolling … at 1s. 6d. per 1,000.
1894. Daily News, 22 Feb., 2/1. About 30 feet of *tube-room on ground floor and contents severely damaged by fire.
1901. Brit. Med. Jrnl., 9 March, 591/2. The lines of *tube-route being chosen with a view to supplementing and completing the means of communication from the suburbs.
1760. J. Lee, Introd. Bot., I. iii. (1765), 7. The … lower Part … is usually *Tube-shaped.
1825. Greenhouse Comp., I. 56. Erica aurea, tube-shaped yellow flowers on plants nearly 2 feet high.
1913. Daily News, 28 Jan., 6. The trains that roar in and out of a *tube station.
1908. Installation News, II. 92/2. The *tube system [of electric wiring].
1900. Westm. Gaz., 8 Jan., 9/1. Severe competition in the *tube trade.
1901. Daily News, 15 June, 4/7. Journeying to and from the scenes of their labour in *tube-trains.
1903. Westm. Gaz., 4 July, 3/2. Thousands of *Tube travellers.
1910. Daily Chron., 19 Feb., 3/4. Macdonald … ran to the end of the train and jumped into the *tube tunnel.
1870. Mrs. Whitney, We Girls, iii. They were so pretty to put in … little *tube-vases.
1857. Gosse, Creation, 226. The margin of the *tube-wall.
1890. Daily News, 9 Jan., 2/8. The advance applies to gas, water, and steam tubes, and all the *tube works of England and Scotland are affected.
1896. N. Brit. Daily Mail, 8 July, 2. The pensioner … is a Coatbridge man, having wrought as a *tube-worker in the burgh.
b. Special Combs.: tube-bearing a., bearing a tube; spec. in Entom. having a tubular ovipositor, tubuliferous (Cent. Dict., 1891); tube-board, a board above the reeds in a reed-organ in which are the tubes or sound-channels to which the wind passes from the reeds; tube-breather (distinguished from gill-breather), an animal that breathes through tubes, tracheæ, or spiracles; tube-brush, a wire brush for cleaning out boiler-tubes or flues; also, a slender brush for cleaning the flexible tube of a feeding-bottle; tube-budding, budding by means of a cylindrical ring of bark; tube-case, in a steam-engine, the chamber containing the tubes of a surface-condenser; tube-cast, a cast of a kidney tubule excreted in the urine in Bright’s disease; tube-chime, a chime of tubular ‘bells’; tube-clamp, a grab for seizing and lifting well-tubes (Knight, Dict. Mech., 1877); tube-cleaner, a tool or other device for cleaning boiler-tubes, etc. (ibid.); tube-clip, tongs for holding heated test-tubes; also a clamp or clip for gripping a pipe (ibid.); tube-cock, a valve operated by compressing an elastic tube fitted into the supply pipe (ibid.); tube-color, paint packed in a collapsible tube; tube-compass, compasses with tubular telescopic legs (Knight); tube-condenser, (a) a bent glass tube with a stopper at each end through which a smaller tube is passed; (b) in a steam-engine, a condenser in which the cooling surface consists of tubes; tube-coral, organ-pipe coral (see CORAL sb.1 1 b), or its polyp; tube-culture, culture of a microbe in a test-tube; tube-cutter, a tool for cutting off metal pipes, a pipe-cutter; so tube-cutting; tube-door, a door in the smoke-box of a steam-engine, giving access to the flues (Knight); tube-drawing, the making of metal tubes by drawing roughly shaped cylinders through gauged holes or over a triblet; also withdrawal of boiler-tubes for inspection or repair; so tube-drawer; tube-expander, -fastener, a tool for fixing the ends of boiler-tubes in the tube-plate by expanding their ends against the holes in the plate (Knight); tube-ferrule, a ring or thimble forced into the end of a boiler-tube to fix it in the tube-plate (ibid.); tube-filter, in a tube-well, a strainer to prevent gravel from choking the pump (ibid.); tube-firing, ? the use of a torpedo-tube; tube-flower, a tropical verbenaceous plant, Clerodendron Siphonanthus, in which the corolla is funnel-shaped with a very long tube (Treas. Bot., 1866); tube-flue, a fire-tube in a steam-boiler; tube-foot, one of the numerous ambulacral tubes of an echinoderm; tube-former, a machine for making small tubes; tube-frame, a tube roving-frame; tube-funnel, a glass funnel prolonged at the bottom into a tube, a funnel-tube; tube-germination, the production of a germ-tube in the germination of a spore; tube-head = tube-plate (Webster, 1911); tube-hearted a., having a series of pulsating sinuses instead of a heart, as the Amphioxus (Cent. Dict., 1891); tube-ignition, in the internal combustion engine, ignition of the charge by a hot tube; tube-machine, a tube-drawing machine; tube-maker, (a) one who makes tubing; (b) a tube-dwelling spider or annelid; so tube-making; † tube-marine, rendering It. tuba (tromba) marina, the trumpet marine: see TRUMPET sb. 2 b; tube-medusa, a medusa with an internal system of tubes; a siphonophore; tube-mill, (a) a tube-making establishment or machine; (b) a mill for pulverizing ore, etc., that is placed in a revolving cylinder with loose flints or pebbles; tube-nosed a., tubinarial (Cent. Dict.); tube-packing, packing to prevent water reaching the tube of an oil-well (Knight); tube-plate, the plate in which the ends of the boiler-tubes are set; tube-plug, a plug or stopper for boiler-tubes in case of leakage (Knight); tube-pouch, a pouch for priming-tubes (Webster, 1864); tube roving-frame, roving-machine, a roving-frame having revolving horizontal cylinders instead of conical cans; tube-saw, a cylindrical saw (Webster, 1911); tube-scaler, -scraper = tube-cleaner (Knight); tube-sheet = tube-plate; tube-shell, a bivalve mollusk of the family Tubicolæ or Gastrochænidæ, distinguished by having a shelly tube inclosing the siphons, in addition to the ordinary valves of the shell; tube-shutter, a shutter closing the outer end of a submerged torpedo-tube (Webster, 1911); tube-spinner = tube-weaver; tube-stopper = tube-plug; tube-surface, the heating or cooling surface comprised in the tubes of a boiler or condenser (Funk’s Stand. Dict., 1895); tube-valve, a tubular valve; tube-vice (-vise), a pipe-vice (Knight); tube-weaver, a spider that spins a tubular nest or lair; tube-well, an iron pipe with a solid steel point, and with lateral perforations towards the point, which is driven into the earth until a water-bearing stratum is reached, when a suction pump is applied to the upper end; tube-worm, a tubicolous worm; a pipe-worm; tube-wrench, a wrench for gripping pipes or tubes, a pipe-wrench; tube yarn, yarn passed through a tube in the process of manufacture.
1880. A. J. Hipkins, in Encycl. Brit., XI. 483/2. The channels, the resonators above the reeds [in the American organ] exactly correspond with the reeds, and are collectively known as the *‘tube-board.’
1889. Cent. Dict., s.v. Gill-breather, *Tube-breather.
1877. Knight, Dict. Mech., s.v., Stillwell’s *tube-brush,… may be operated by pulling and pushing from the respective ends of the tubes.
1842. Loudon, Suburban Hort., 307. Sometimes the stock is shortened, and the ring put on its upper extremity, when it is called flute-budding, or terminal *tube-budding.
1890. D. K. Clark, Steam Engine, II. 683. The water is driven through the *tube-case by two centrifugal pumps in each engine-room.
1873. T. H. Green, Introd. Pathol. (ed. 2), 69. *Tube casts … are for the most part hyaline and finely granular.
1888. Fagge & Pye-Smith, Princ. Med. (1891), II. 154. Tube-casts comparable with those which occur in the urine in Bright’s disease.
1887. Pall Mall G., 20 June, 3/2. *Tube chimes for church towers—an English invention.
1881. Bouvier, trans. Delamardelle & Goupil’s Painting on China, 1. Thanks to the ingenious invention of *Tube Colours.
1877. Knight, Dict. Mech., *Tube-condenser.
1890. D. K. Clark, Steam Engine, II. 641. The exhaust steam is condensed to the extent of two-thirds in a tube-condenser overhead.
1876. Page, Adv. Text-bk. Geol., xiv. 245. Among the zoophytes we have cup-corals, star-corals, *tube-corals.
1886. H. M. Biggs, trans. Hueppe’s Methods Bacteriol. Invest., 143. The changes in such a *tube-culture after the inoculation with the bacteria vary considerably.
1901. Waterhouse, Conduit Wiring, 43. In all conduit work a certain amount of *tube cutting is necessary.
1858. Simmonds, Dict. Trade, *Tube-drawer, a maker of metal piping;
1897. Daily News, 7 May, 7/4. Consumers of iron—engineers’ ironfounders, bridge-builders, rolling-stock manufacturers, and tube-drawers.
1835. Ure, Philos. Manuf., 61. The foundations of kindred works, such as … *tube-drawing apparatus.
1901. Scotsman, 13 March, 9/8. The crews however practised *tube-firing.
1888. Rolleston & Jackson, Anim. Life, The tube feet are either partially or completely retractile.
1837. Penny Cycl., VIII. 96/1. The *tube frame … Instead of cans,… is provided with revolving horizontal cylinders…. The rove which it produces has no twist.
1903. Motor. Ann., 220. *Tube-ignition is satisfactory for a fixed engine.
1891. Cent. Dict., *Tube-machine.
1901. Waterhouse, Conduit Wiring, 8. This strip … is passed through a tube machine from which it emerges as a perfectly smooth and regular tube.
1888. Cassell’s Encycl. Dict., *Tube-makers, the Tubicolæ.
1890. Daily News, 6 Oct., 2/5. Tube makers have this week advanced their discounts 5 per cent.
1898. Westm. Gaz., 9 March, 8/2. The amalgamation of all the big *tube-making concerns in Scotland.
1694. W. Holder, Harmony (1731). 152. The *Tube-Marine, or Sea-Trumpet … fully expresseth the Trumpet.
1860. Wraxall, Life in Sea, x. 243. Among the *Tube Medusæ is also classed the pleasing Velella.
1909. Westm. Gaz., 1 June, 9/3. The addition of eighty stamps and three *tube mills at the Nourse Mines.
1864. Webster, *Tube-plate.
1875. Bedford, Sailor’s Pocket Bk., v. (ed. 2), 211. Leaks about tubes and tube-plates are most frequently caused by forced steaming.
1839. Ure, Dict. Arts, 355. The Bobbin and Fly frame is now the great roving machine of the cotton manufacture; to which may be added, for coarse spinning, the *tube roving frame. Ibid., 354. The cotton sliver receives a twist … in the bobbin and fly frame, or … in the *tube-roving machine.
1877. Knight, Dict. Mech., *Tube-sheet.
1903. Daily Chron., 20 Jan., 6/3. The boiler tubes getting choked up … through the tubes leaking in the back tube sheet.
1861. P. P. Carpenter, in Rep. Smithsonian Instit., 1860, 249. Family Gastrochænidæ. (*Tube-Shells).
1884. Knight, Dict. Mech., Supp., *Tube-valve.
1899. Daily News, 16 Jan., 7/3. The tube-valve that set those massive hydraulic triggers free.
1885. H. C. McCook, Tenants Old Farm, 233. The arbor vitæ hedge, where numbers of the speckled *Tubeweaver (Agalena nævia) yearly spin their broad snares.
1877. Knight, Dict. Mech., *Tube-well.
1885. Daily News, 7 Feb., 3/2. Pack saddles for mules, and tube-wells.
1819. Pantologia, Sipunculus, *tube-worm.
1891. Daily News, 2 Oct., 2/6. Single yarns, *tube yarns, and mohair yarns.
Hence Tubeful, as much as a tube will hold; Tubeless a., having no tube or tubes.
1849. Sydney Morn. Herald, 10 Oct., 2/7. The specific gravity of such wine was determined by ascertaining the weight of a tubeful of the liquor, and comparing it with the same tubeful of distilled water.
1897. G. C. Bateman, Vivarium, vii. 292. One or more *tubefuls [printed tubesful] of meat can be inserted into the gullet of each Reptile.
1855. Chamb. Jrnl., III. 206. Huyghens made his observations with a *tubeless telescope.
1898. Cycling, 71. The Fleuss or ‘Tubeless Tyre.’
