[Russ. царь], the now prevalent spelling of CZAR, q.v. for etymology and history. (Also Tzar.) Hence Tsarate, Tsardom, Tsarevitch, Tsarevna, Tsaritsa, etc.: see CZARATE, CZARDOM, etc. So Tsarist, an adherent or maintainer of Tsarism; Tsarlet, a petty Tsar.
a. 1670. [S. Collins], Pres. St. Russia (1671), 55. By the Grace of God We the Great Lord *Tzar, and Great Duke Alexei, [etc.] … Tzar of Cazan, Tzar of Astrachan, Tsar of Siberia [etc.].
1802–3. trans. Pallas’ Trav. (1812), I. 229. Heraclius, the Tzar of Georgia.
1810. E. D. Clarke, Trav. Russia, etc. (1839), 29/1. The connection which subsisted between the tsars of Muscovy and the emperors of Constantinople.
1890–93. [see CZAR].
1863. *Tsarate [see CZARATE].
1877. D. M. Wallace, Russia, xvii. 270. When the Grand Princes of Moscow brought the other principalities under their power, and formed them into the *Tsardom of Muscovy.
1901. Fortn. Rev., June, 1034. Some … doubt as to the future of the Tzardom.
1906. Kropotkin, Mem. Revolutionist (1908), II. ix. 143. The *Tsarevich … began to scold the officer.
1890. *Tsarevna [see CZAREVNA].
1799. W. Tooke, View Russian Emp., I. 10. He caused to be inserted in all the *tzarian titles, the words: of all … Russia.
1905. Daily Chron., 21 Aug., 5/6. The ideal of Tsarian authority.
1895. Blackw. Mag., Feb., 312/1. The trial of those accused of *Tsaricide.
1891. *Tsarina [see CZARINA].
1904. Longm. Mag., Oct., 204. If his *Tsarish Grace should … find himself in danger.
1882. C. Hamlin, in Chicago Advance, 9 March. That cold-hearted cruelty which *Tsarism has engendered.
1902. Daily Chron., 4 June, 8/2. Tolstoy’s last pamphlet … is hostile to Socialism, and favourable to Tsarism.
1907. Contemp. Rev., Feb., 202. The tide of *Tsarist Power has passed over the steppes.
1833. R. Pinkerton, Russia, 300. The Tzar … performed a pilgrimage … accompanied by his *Tzaritza.
1890. Tsaritsa [see CZARITZA].
1889. Fortn. Rev., XLVI. 285. This frightful régime of innumerable *Tsarlets.
1905. Dillon, in Contemp. Rev., Aug., 280. They are sharers of autocratic absolutism, provincial tsarlets.
