[Anglicized spelling of Irish *tóraidhe, -aighe (tōriye) ‘pursuer,’ implied in the derivative tóraigheachd, tóraidheachd pursuit: cf. the syncopated Sc. Gaelic tòrachd pursuit, pursuing with hostile intent, f. Ir. tóir to pursue, tóirighim I pursue.
The OIr. agent-nouns in -(a)id and -(a)ige fall together in mod.Irish in -(a)idhe or -(a)ighe, whence the uncertainty of the spelling; the native form has not been found in writing, outside of dictionaries. In some Irish Dictionaries, the meaning is given as ‘a pursued or persecuted person,’ hence an ‘outlaw,’ which is not without historical suitability; but the best Irish etymologists agree that the form of the word is that of an agent-noun.
The following passage has what at first sight appears to be the same word, but the date makes this impossible. The writer is treating of the diversity of North American Indian languages, and Torries was possibly an Indian word:—
1634. W. Wood, New Eng. Prosp., II. xviii. 92. When any ships come neare the shore, they [Tarrenteens, Indians of Maine] demand whether they be King Charles his Torries, with such a rumbling sound [of r], as if one were beating an unbrac’t Drumme.]
A. sb. 1. In the 17th c., one of the dispossessed Irish, who became outlaws, subsisting by plundering and killing the English settlers and soldiers; a bog-trotter, a rapparee; later, often applied to any Irish Papist or Royalist in arms. Obs. exc. Hist.
1646. (Jan. 22) Exam. P. Congan, in Cal. Ormonde MSS. N.S. (1902), I. 105. Some others of the Irish called Tories.
1646. (May 17) Maj. W. Cadogan, in Calr. Ormonde MSS. (1899), II. 39. Divers that had served under Finglas, Rowen and Welsh and such as had been Tories.
1647. Proclamation, 2 Nov. (MS. Trinity Coll. Dublin, F. 3. 18. No. 22). Roberies … comitted by the Tories and Rebells upon the Protestants and others adhering to the Protestant partie.
1650. Whitelock, Mem., 12 July (1732), 464/1. That eight Officers … riding upon the Highway [in Ireland], were murder’d by those bloody Highway Rogues called the Tories.
1652. (Dec. 18) in Cal. St. Papers, Dom., 41. I took the little island in Waterford river, and beat off Sturlock, the great Tory.
1656. Blount, Glossogr., Banditi,… in the north of England, Moss-Troopers; in Ireland Tories.
1657. Burton, Diary, 10 June. Major Morgan.… We have three beasts to destroy, that lay burdens upon us,—1st, is a public Tory, on whose head we lay 200l., and 40l. upon a private Tory’s…. 2d. beast, is a priest, on whose head we lay 10l., if he be eminent, more. 3d. beast, the wolf, on whom we lay 5l. a head if a dog; 10l. if a bitch.
1675. Essex Papers (Camden), I. 307. Wee, the undernamed parrish priests in the County of Kyery,… doe undertake and faithfully promise…. That in our respective congregations wee shall publike and solemnly declare, and denounce, all toreys, murtherers, thieves & Robors.
1676. Coles, Dict., Tories, Irish Out-laws.
1681. E. Murphy, State Ireland, § 1. Being a cruel Murderer, Rebel and Tory.
1693. G. Story, Contn. Hist. Wars Irel., 50. They [Rapparees] never can be reputed other than Tories, Robbers, Thieves, and Bogg-trotters.
1707. Irish Act 6 Anne, c. 11. An Act for the more effectual suppression of tories, robbers, and rapparees.
1769. Dublic Merc., 16–19 Sept., 3/2. 24 heifers … were … driven … into a bog by tories, robbers and rapparees out in arms.
1849. Macaulay, Hist. Eng., ii. I. 257. The bogs of Ireland … afforded a refuge to Popish outlaws, much resembling those who were afterwards known as Whiteboys. These men were then [temp. Chas. II.] called Tories.
† b. Extended to (a) robbers or bandits of other races, as Border moss-troopers, Scottish Highlanders, (b) Rajpoot marauders or outlaws. Also (c) fig. Obs.
(a) [1651. Mercurius Scoticus, 28 Oct. The Highlanders under Marquesse Huntley and Lord Balcarras … are now betaking themselves to the High-wayes to play the Tories and Robbers.]
1653. Col. Lilburne, Lett. to Cromwell, 16 Oct. (Clarke MSS. LXXXVI. lf. 109 b). Argyll tells mee hee cannott advise mee to advance further, though hee suffer never soe much by those Tories.
1654. R. Baillie, Lett. & Jrnls. (1841), III. 255. The discussing of the Northern Tories would cost him bot a few weeks labour.
a. 1661. Fuller, Worthies, Cumbld. (1662), I. 216. The … Earl of Carlisle, who routed these English-Tories [i.e., moss-troopers] with his Regiment.
1680. Kirkton, Hist. Ch. Scot., ii. (1817), 67. Among the tories in the Highlands. Ibid. (1690), v. 158. Middleton had undertaken to command the tories on the hills in Cromwell’s time.
(b) 1662. J. Davies, trans. Mandelslo’s Trav., I. 25. These Racboutes are a sort of High-way men or Tories. Ibid., 237. The distractions which then shook the State wherein there were eight Armies of Tories, or common Rogues.
(c) 1687. Kirby & Bishop, Marrow of Astrol., I. 43. And now I must … drop down a little lower to the Sphere of Mars, who is termed a Tory amongst the Stars.
2. With capital T: A nickname given 1679–80 by the Exclusioners (q.v.) to those who opposed the exclusion of James, Duke of York (a Roman Catholic) from the succession to the Crown.
According to Roger North, Examen (1740), II. v. ¶ 9 The Bill of Exclusion ‘led to a common Use of slighting and opprobrious Words; such as Yorkist. That … did not scandalise or reflect enough. Then they came to Tantivy, which implied Riding Post to Rome…. Then, observing that the Duke favoured Irish Men, all his Friends, or those accounted such by appearing against the Exclusion, were straight become Irish, and so wild Irish, thence Bogtrotters, and in the Copia of the factious Language, the Word Tory was entertained, which signified the most despicable Savages among the Wild Irish.’ See also WHIG.
1681. [see TANTIVY B. 2].
1681. O. Heywood, Diaries, etc., 24 Oct. (1881), II. 285. A new name lately come into fashion for Ranters calling themselves by the name of Torys…. A gentleman … had a red Ribband in his hat,… he said it signifyed that he was a Tory, whats that sd. she? he ans. an Irish Rebel…. I hear further since that … instead of Cavalier and Roundhead, now they are called Torys and Wiggs.
1681. Dryden, Abs. & Achit., To Rdr. Wit and fool are consequents of Whig and Tory; and every man is a knave or an ass to the contrary side.
a. 1685. Earl of Dorset, Whigs & Tories, in Coll. Poems, 15. The Fools might be Whigs, none but Knaves shou’d be Toryes.
a. 1734. North, Exam., II. v. (1740), 321. Thus the Anti-exclusioners [c. 1679] were stigmatised with Execration and Contempt, as a Parcel of damn’d Tories, for diverse Months together. Ibid., 324. The Faction … had found a sarcasmous Name to fling upon the Loyallists,… that of Tory, the same as savage Brute and Idiot.
3. Hence, from 1689, the name of one of the two great parliamentary and political parties in England, and (at length) in Great Britain.
The party sprang from the 17th-century Royalists or Cavaliers, and its members at first were more or less identical with the Anti-Exclusionists or ‘Tories’ in sense 2. For some years after 1689 the Tories leant more or less decidedly towards the dethroned House of Stuart; but upon the accession of George III. they, as a party, abandoned this attitude, retaining the principle of strenuously upholding the constituted authority and order in Church and State, and of opposing concessions in the direction of greater religious liberty. In opposition to the growing demands of Liberalism (see LIBERAL 5), a consistent antagonism to measures for widening the basis of parliamentary representation, or tending to impair the exclusive privileges of the Church as by law established, became their most marked characteristic; but this has in course of time undergone many modifications. As a formal name, ‘Tory’ was superseded c. 1830 by CONSERVATIVE, merged after 1886 (when the Conservatives were joined by many who had previously belonged to the Liberal party, in opposing Home Rule for Ireland) in that of UNIONIST. But ‘Tory’ is still retained (1) colloquially; (2) as expressing attachment to a policy either more old-fashioned (cf. Old or High Tory in b), or more positive and constructive than that of ordinary Conservatism (cf. Tory democracy, C. 3); (3) in hostile usage, identifying the party with the bigotry and opposition to reform and progress charged upon earlier Toryism. Opposed originally and during the 18th c. to WHIG; later to LIBERAL, and (still more) to RADICAL.
1705. G. Lockhart, Lett. to Dk. Athole, 15 Oct., in 12th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm., App. VIII. 62. Her Majesty having now, more than ever before, devoted herself and interest to the Whigs, the Torys have no hopes of being succesfull in allmost anything during this parliament.
1710. Swift, Jrnl. to Stella, 7 Nov. The Queen passed by us with all Tories about her; not one Whig:… and I have seen her without one Tory.
1711. Addison, Spect., No. 126, ¶ 8. The Knight is a much stronger Tory in the Country than in Town, which … is absolutely necessary for the keeping up his Interest.
1718. [see HIGH-FLYER 3].
1735–8. Bolingbroke, Parties, viii. Wks. 1809, III. 132. The real essences of Whig and Tory were thus [in 1689] destroyed, but the nominal were preserved.
1741. Hume, Ess., Parties Gt. Brit. (1758), 45. A Tory, therefore, since the revolution, may be defined in a few words, to be a lover of monarchy, tho’ without abandoning liberty; and a partizan of the family of Stuart.
1755. Johnson, Tory. (A cant term, derived, I suppose, from an Irish word signifying a savage.) One who adheres to the ancient constitution of the state, and the apostolical hierarchy of the church of England: opposed to a whig. Ibid. (1781), in Boswell (1906), II. 396. The prejudice of the Tory is for establishment; The prejudice of the Whig is for innovation. A Tory does not wish to give more real power to Government; but that Government should have more reverence.
1806. T. W. Coke, Lett., 23 Sept., in Parr’s Wks. (1828), VII. 246. It was … a glorious victory of the Whigs over the Tories.
1827. Hallam, Const. Hist., III. xvi. To a tory the constitution, inasmuch as it was the constitution, was an ultimate point,… from which he thought it altogether impossible to swerve; whereas a whig deemed all forms of government subordinate to the public good.
1830. Macaulay, Ess., Southey’s Coll. (1865), I. 115/2. A Tory of the Tories … won and wore that noblest wreath, ‘Ob cives servatos.’
1831. Arnold, April, in Life & Corr. (1845), I. vi. 303. The old state of things is gone past recall, and all the efforts of all the Tories cannot save it.
c. 1832. Borrow, in Knapp, Life (1899), I. xiv. 144. As the question is, or will shortly be, Tory or Radical, we say Tory! and advise every honest man to say so too.
1833. Gen. P. Thompson, Exerc. (1842), II. 329. The Tories in Great Britain are defunct;… they are all vaccinated into ‘Conservatives.’
1839. Q. Victoria, Jrnl., 9 May. I said … that I never talked politics with them [the Ladies], and that they were related, many of them, to Tories.
1843. Penny Cycl., XXV. 82/2. From the Revolution down to the present time the struggle between the two parties … has been a struggle by the Tories on behalf of the Church, to invest it with political power and privileges, and against the increase of the power of the people in the state, through the House of Commons.
1844. Macaulay, Ess., Chatham (1865), II. 361/2. If … we look at the essential characteristics of the Whig and the Tory, we may consider each of them as the representative of a great principle…. One is, in an especial manner, the guardian of liberty, and the other of order. One is the moving power, and the other the steadying power of the state.
1882. M. Arnold, Irish Ess., etc., 164. The Conservatives, or, as they are now beginning to be called again, the Tories.
1886. T. E. Kebbel, Hist. Toryism, viii. 364. The Tories are for administrative reform: the Radicals for social revolution.
1892. Saintsbury, Earl of Derby, Pref. 5. I define a Tory as a person who would, at the respective times and in the respective circumstances, have opposed Catholic Emancipation, Reform, the Repeal of the Corn Laws, and the whole Irish Legislation of Mr. Gladstone.
1895. Oman, Hist. Eng., xxxix. 636. The generation of Tories who had grown up during the great French war, had forgotten the old liberal doctrines of their great leader Pitt. Ibid., xlii. 700. Down to 1865, the Liberals and the Conservatives alike retained in a great measure the characteristics of their forefathers the Whigs and Tories.
b. With various qualifications, as
High, High-flying T., a Tory of ‘high’ principles; in 17–18th c. a High-Church Tory, a ‘Church and King’ man: cf. HIGH-FLYER 3 a; later, a thorough, old-fashioned, or reactionary Tory; Jacobite T., a Tory of Jacobite principles, or tending to Jacobitism; Old T., a Tory of a non-modern type; in quot. 1827, a Jacobite Tory; ultra T., a Tory of extreme principles or opinions.
1713. Swift, Jrnl. to Stella, 9 April. The Bishop of Chester, a *high Tory, was against the Court.
1827. Scott, Jrnl., 3 Sept. The King … probably looks with no greater [favour] on the return of the High Tories.
1843. Mem. M. T. Sadler, x. 335. One … whom it is customary … to hold up to popular abhorrence as a ‘bigot,’ a ‘borough-monger,’ and a ‘high Tory.’
1863. G. Pryme, Autobiog. Recoll., 12 Nov. I have been told by at least two high Tories that they could not discover by my lectures what political sentiments I held.
1738. Bolingbroke, Lett., ii. Patriot King (1856), 165. What gives obstinacy without strength … to the *Jacobite-tories at this time?
1827. Hallam, Const. Hist. (1876), III. xv. 125, note. The thorough-paced royalists, or *old Tories [c. 1690].
1850. Ht. Martineau, Hist. Peace, I. III. xi. 555. We have, what the old Tories have not and cannot conceive of.
1886. T. E. Kebbel, Hist. Toryism, viii. 366. The first Factory Bill … was introduced by the typical old Tory, Mr. Sadler.
1895. Oman, Hist. Eng., xxxix. 646. When O’Connell’s agitation grew formidable, and the old Tories urged him to repress it by force, he [Wellington] refused.
1833. Croker, 25 March, in Kebbel, Hist. Toryism, v. (1886), 254. [Sir R. Peel] foresaw that Radicals and *ultra-Tories would unite against him.
1862. Knight, Pop. Hist. Eng., VIII. vi. 109. The measures … hardly came up to the expectation of the ultra-Tories of that day [1819].
4. U.S. Hist. A member of the British party during the Revolutionary period; a loyal colonist.
(These were orig. ‘Tories’ in the English political sense, who naturally continued loyal to the King.)
1771. Hartford Courant, 27 Aug., 2/1. A Description of a TORY. Every fool it not a Tory, but every Tory is a fool. The man who maintains the ‘divine right of kings to govern wrong’ is a fool, and also a genuine Tory.
[1774. J. Adams, in Fam. Lett. (1876), 7. Dr. Gardiner, arrived … from Boston, brings news of a battle at the town meeting, between Whigs and Tories. Ibid. (1774), Wks. (1854), IX. 336. The tories were never, since I was born, in such a state of humiliation as at this moment.]
1775. Pennsylvania Even. Post, 1 July, 278/1. The Whigs and Tories at Georgia are disputing with each other, and Governor Wright is much alarmed for his safety. Ibid., 18 July, 309/2. The Tories in Georgia are now no more, the province is … about to choose Delegates to send to the Congress.
1776. M. Cutler, in Life, etc. (1888), I. 54. The ships lay down below the castle with the soldiers and tories and their families on board.
1776. Ann. Reg., 29. Many of the well-affected (or Tories, which was the appellation now given to them throughout America) thought it prudent … to seek the same asylum.
1777. [implied in Toryess below].
1821. J. F. Cooper, Spy, xxix. Washington will not trust us with the keeping of a suspected Tory, if we let this rascal trifle in this manner with the corps.
5. transf. Applied to any one in foreign countries or former ages holding views analogous to those of the English Tories; also, one who is by temperament or sentiment inclined to conservative principles.
1797. J. Boucher, View Amer. Rev., Pref. 22. Every man capable of forming an opinion … is, in some degree, either a Whig or a Tory. Now the American revolution was clearly a struggle for pre-eminence between Whigs and Tories.
1827. Hallam, Const. Hist. (1876), III. xvi. 201. The names whig and tory are often well applied to individuals.
1836. Arnold, Lett., 28 Nov., in Life & Corr. (1845), II. 65. Men are all Tories by nature, when they are tolerably well off. Ibid. (1841), 26 June, ibid., I. ix. 267. After all, those differences in men’s minds which we express, when exemplified in English politics, by the terms Whig and Tory, are very deep and comprehensive,… they seen to be the great fundamental difference between thinking men.
1860. Russell, Diary India, II. x. 191. Purrus Ram and Khoom Dass … fear greatly … that the Tories of Bussahir will triumph.
B. adj. 1. That is a Tory; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a Tory or Tories; consisting of or constituted by Tories; also, having the principles or aims of a Tory; supported or recognized by the Tory party; Conservative.
1682. Dryden, Loyal Brother, Epil. 3. He’s neither yet a Whigg nor Tory-Boy. Ibid. (1682), Dk. Guise, Epil. 44. A kind of Bat … With Tory Wings, but Whiggish Teeth and Claws.
1689. Evelyn, Diary, 15 Jan. There was a Tory party (as then so call’d) who were for inviting his Majesty [James II.] againe upon conditions.
1693. Rokeby, Diary, 15 Aug. It is a Tory complaint agt a Whigg. Ibid. (1694), 2 April. A Tory Bigot.
1710. Swift, Jrnl. to Stella, 5 Dec. [They] drank Mr. Harley’s, Lord Rochester’s, and other Tory healths.
1711. Addison, Spect., No. 81, ¶ 2. [She] has most unfortunately a very beautiful Mole on the Tory Part of her Forehead.
a. 1734. North, Exam., II. v. (1740), 322. He has split the former Church of England into two Churches, the Tory Church, and the Whig Church of England.
1735–8. Bolingbroke, On Parties, viii. Wks. 1809, III. 136. This inconsiderable faction could not be deemed the tory party, but received the name of jacobite with more propriety. Ibid. (1738), Lett., ii. Patriot King (1750), 165. Men who had sense,… before that moment, thought of nothing, after it, but of setting up a tory King against a whig King.
1776. Pennsylvania Even. Post, 18 July, 356/1. Yesterday several Tory prisoners were sent to Halifax jail.
1791. Boswell, Johnson, 11 June, an. 1784. We drank ‘Church and King’ after dinner, with true Tory cordiality.
1826. Scott, Jrnl., 15 Dec. The Tory interest was weak among the old stagers, where I remember it so strong.
1830. Gen. P. Thompson, Exerc. (1842), I. 306. The advice of the English High Church and Tory party has been taken; and the Bourbons are driven from France.
1886. T. E. Kebbel, Hist. Toryism, viii. 398. The Tory revival was but the twin sister of the Anglican revival. Ibid., ix. 468. In its defence of the Monarchy, the Church, and the territorial Constitution of the country, the Tory party has never faltered.
b. With various qualifications: see A. 3 b.
1791. Boswell, Johnson, 11 June, an. 1784. A sermon (1772)…, full of high Tory sentiments.
1827. Scott, Jrnl., 11 Aug. A High Tory Administration would be a great evil at this time.
1850. Ht. Martineau, Hist. Peace, II. V. xvii. 445. It was cheering to see … high tory and deep radical chemists helping out one another’s information about soils and manures.
1854. Earl Aderdeen, 6 Jan., in Lett. Q. Victoria (1908), III. xxiii. 2. The base and infamous attacks made upon the Prince … chiefly in those papers which represent ultra-Tory or extreme Radical opinions.
1862. Knight, Pop. Hist. Eng., VIII. xviii. 320. The expectations of the ultra-Tory party that the Reform Bill [1832], would be repealed.
1895. Oman, Hist. Eng., xl. 667. Benjamin Disraeli,… who combined high Tory notions on Church and State with extreme Radical views on certain social questions.
1908. Lett. Q. Victoria, I. i. 6. The ultra-Tory party, who had opposed to the last the Emancipation of the Catholics and the Reform Bill.
2. In extended or transferred senses: see A. 5.
1833. Gen. P. Thompson, Exerc. (1842), II. 7. The Catilinarian conspiracy … was manifestly a plot in a green bag, and Cicero a Tory Secretary for the Home Department. Ibid. (1837), IV. 367. To pick holes in the history of the Greek republics, on the strength of the remains of the Tory poets of that time.
1899. R. H. Charles, Eschatology, v. 162. It [Ecclesiasticus] is uncompromisingly tory, and refuses to admit the possibility of the new views as to the future life. Ibid., vi. 204. The still orthodox and tory view found in the Old Testament.
C. Phrases and combinations.
1. Used advb. in phr. to talk, vote Tory.
1827. Scott, Jrnl., 21 July. Nobody talks Whig or Tory just now.
1913. Ch. Q. Rev., Jan., 452. He had the manhood to stand by his chapel and refuse to vote Tory.
2. Comb., as Tory-Radical sb. and adj.; Tory-Irish, -leaning, -ridden, -voiced adjs.; Tory-Williamite, a Tory who supported or adhered to William III.
1696–7. Rokeby, Diary (Surtees), 51. Mr. Ratcliff, sheriff of Devonshire, is a Tory-Williamite.
1834. Tait’s Mag., I. 387/2. The Governor, save on the question of slavery, the black niggers, and the Church, latterly became a sort of Tory-Radical.
1836. K. of Belgians, 18 Nov., in Lett. Q. Victoria (1908), I. v. 53. An infamous Radical or Tory-Radical paper, the Constitutional, which seems determined to run down the Coburg family.
1894. Westm. Gaz., 21 Sept., 2/3. Cases like mine, where in Tory-ridden villages the overseers resent both Liberal and women voters. Ibid. (1898), 24 March, 2/2. It must in the long run be a new Tory-Irish understanding.
1908. W. Churchill, in Nation, 7 March, 812/2. The pressure of Tory-voiced discontent.
3. Tory Democracy, combination of Toryism with democracy; democracy under Tory leadership; new or democratic Toryism; progressive Conservatism.
1879. Spectator, 21 June, 776. Tory democracy—Jingoism is its proper name.
1884. Pall Mall G., 29 Nov., 3/2. We would venture to lay very long odds that Tory Democracy is much more likely to come in with a boom than to go out with a fiz.
1885. Gladstone, Lett. to Ld. Acton, 11 Feb., in Morley, Life (1903), III. VIII. x. 173. ‘Tory democracy’ … is no more like the conservative party in which I was bred, than it is like liberalism. In fact less. It is demagogism, only a demagogism … living upon the fomentation of angry passions, and still in secret as obstinately attached as ever to the evil principle of class interests.
1910. S. J. Low, in Encycl. Brit., VI. 346/2. (Lord Randolph Churchill) By this time [1882], he had definitely formulated the policy of progressive Conservatism which was known as ‘Tory democracy.’ He declared that the Conservatives ought to adopt, rather than oppose, reforms of a popular character, and to challenge the claims of the Liberals to pose as the champions of the masses.
b. So Tory Democrat, one who professes or supports Tory democracy. Also Tory Democratic a.
1868. Daily News, 2 Dec. Constitutionalist, tory, and tory democrat, are the names between which their choice wavers.
1902. Daily Chron., 29 Aug., 4/5. The policy of the advanced Tory Democratic section.
1903. Westm. Gaz., 14 Jan., 2/2. Recommended … to the electors … on the ground that he is a ‘Tory Democrat,’ in which hybrid political creature it is roundly declared ‘there is really more of true, old-fashioned Liberalism than in the Liberal Party to-day.’
1910. Encycl. Brit., VI. 976/2. Lord Randolph Churchill called himself a ‘Tory democrat.’
Hence (chiefly nonce-wds.) † Torycal a. [after historical] = Tory adj.; Torydom, the realm or rule of Tories; Toryess, a female Tory (in quot. in sense 4); Toryistic a., inclined to Toryism; Toryize v., trans. = TORYFY; Toryship (humorous), the personality of a Tory.
1682. Thoresby, Diary, 14 July. Had some ineffectual discourses … with the *Torycal Papists.
1859. W. Chadwick, Life De Foe, ii. 104. The bill passed; and, thanks to *Torydom, there it remains!
1908. M. Baring, Russian Ess., etc. Ded. 11. Here, they thought, was the voice of officialdom, Torydom, and hypocrisy speaking.
1777. Franklin, Lett., Wks. 1889, VI. 67. You must know she is a *Toryess as well as you, and can as flippantly call rebel.
1899. Howells, in Literature, 1 July, 692. By a curious irony of fate he came to stand in later years for something *toryistic to men who were fighting other anti-slavery battles.
1887. L’pool Mercury, 5 Jan. He was the first to show that London might be *Toryised.
1890. Pall Mall G., 22 Aug., 2/1. A narrow little clique—fossilized and Toryized to an almost incredible degree.
1793. Parr, Lett. to Routh, 12 June, Wks. 1828, VII. 652. Farewell, and believe me … your *Toryship’s friend and Servant.
