Pa. t. and pa. pple. studied. Forms: 3–7 studie, 4 stidie, stude, 4–6 stodie, -y, studye, 5 studdie, (stedye), 5–6 stodye, (6 pres. pple. stoding), 7–8 studdy, 4– study. See also ESTUDY. [ME. studie, a. OF. estudier (mod.F. étudier) = Pr. estudiar (semi-popular estuziar), Sp. estudiar, Pg. estudar, It. studiare, ad. med.L. studiāre, f. studium STUDY sb.
The verb has always been the usual rendering of L. studĕre (see STUDY sb.), which has influenced the sense development.]
I. Intransitive uses.
1. To apply the mind to the acquisition of learning, whether by means of books, observation or experiment. † Const. in, on, upon (a book, a branch of learning).
c. 1300. St. Edmund, 279, in E. E. P. (1862), 78. He lynede adoun vpon his boc, þo he ne miȝte studie nomore.
c. 1320. Sir Tristr., 281. In bok, while he was þore, He stodieþ euer, þat stiþe.
1362. Langl., P. Pl., A. XII. 6. The were lef to lerne but loth for to stodie.
c. 1375. Sc. Leg. Saints, xxxi. (Eugenia), 34. Þir twa ȝung men Ithandly studyt in philosophy.
c. 1386. Chaucer, Prol., 184. What sholde he studie, and make hymseluen wood Vpon a boke in Cloystre alwey to poure.
c. 1400. Rule St. Benet (Prose), xlviii. 33. When prime is sungen til vndern salle ye studie in lescuns.
c. 1430. Lydg., Min. Poems (Percy Soc.), 217. Eche thyng of kynde drawith to his nature, Som to profite in wysdam and science, Som also to studyen in Scripture.
1450–80. trans. Secreta Secret., xxviii. 21. The nobille Plato he stodied in the science of Astronomye.
1530. Palsgr., 741/2. I wolde fayne be a great clerke, but I love not to studye.
1661. H. Newcome, Diary (Chetham Soc.), 9. I kept in all ye afternoone and studdyed on another doct, on my text Act. xxiv. 25.
1709. Hearne, Collect. (O.H.S.), II. 245. [Harduin] maliciously asserts that the Cardinal’s way of studying was to read Indexes.
a. 1721. Prior, Advice of Venus, 12. On female idleness his [Cupid’s] pow’r relies, But when he finds us studying-hard he flies.
1746. Francis, trans. Hor., Sat., II. vii. 20. [He] Now rakes at Rome, and now to Athens flies; Intensely studies with the Learn’d and Wise.
b. quasi-refl. with complement.
1711. Steele, Spect., No. 132, ¶ 1. A Gentleman that had studied himself dumb.
1725. N. Bailey, Fam. Colloq. Erasm. (1733), 16. I approve well enough of studying hard, but not to study myself to Death.
1769. E. Bancroft, Guiana, 227. I have not yet studied myself into a habit of investigating the Minutiae of Nature.
c. To follow one’s educational or professional studies at a university, college, or the like; to be a student or learner of some science or art under a professor or master. † Const. in.
c. 1450. Capgrave, St. Aug., xi. 17. Alipius, he seith, was at Cartage, stodying in rethorik.
1531. N. Country Wills (Surtees, 1908), 127. Powr scolers … in eyther of thunyversites … there studying in holy Dyvinitie.
1592. Kyd, Span. Trag., IV. i. 76. When in Tolledo there I studied It was my chance to write a Tragedie.
1619. Moryson, Itin., I. 6. Each man paid a Lubeck shilling for tribute, my selfe onely excepted, who had that priviledge because I went to study in the Universities.
1758. L. Temple, Sketches (ed. 2), 55. Vandyke studied under Rubens.
1780. Mirror, No. 70. They had grown up at the same schools, and studied under the same masters.
1884. A. Bain, Pract. Ess., 204. In the current phrase, ‘studying under some one,’ there is a more express reference to being taught by a master, as in listening to lectures.
1898. A. Sutherland, in H. G. Turner & S., Developm. Austral. Lit., 132. Now he had a chance of studying at the hands of Tom Sayers, afterwards the pugilist hero of England.
2. To think intently; to meditate († of, on, upon, in); to reflect, try to recollect something or to come to a decision. Obs. exc. dial. and U.S. colloq.
1340. Ayenb., 24. Þet ech may betere y-zy yne him-zelue yef he wyle wel studie.
c. 1400. Sc. Trojan War (Horstm.), I. 64. All wrath ande angry ine hys hert Stude studeande a litill stert.
c. 1400. Beryn, 1793. Beryn studied in the ches, al-þouȝe it nauȝt a-vailid.
1450–1530. Myrr. Our Ladye, I. xxiv. 63. But yf youre harte be set … to study about the stablynge of the mynde in god, ye can not … saye hys seruyce deuoutly.
c. 1489. Caxton, Sonnes of Aymon, xii. 287. He loked dounwarde, & studyed a goode while that he sayd noo worde.
1514. Barclay, Cyt. & Uplondyshm. (Percy Soc.), 18. Yet let me stody, avoydynge perturbaunce So maye I call them unto my remembraunce.
a. 1533. Ld. Berners, Huon, liii. 179. They both began to study for ye fyrst draught [i.e., move at chess].
a. 1548. Hall, Chron., Hen. IV., 20. When the kyng had long digested and studied on this matter he made aunswere and sayd.
c. 1563. Jack Juggler, 310. And if I wold sit stoding this .vii. yere I shall not ells find how to saue me all clere.
1580. Hester, trans. Fioravanti’s Disc. Chirurg., 31. I … beganne to consider of the matter,… & so studying, it came in my memory, that the aire was cause of their death.
1610. Shaks., Temp., II. i. 82. You make me study of that: She was of Carthage, not of Tunis.
1647. Lightfoot, Harmony O. T., 49. Moses feeding his sheep and studying upon God, hath a vision of Christ in a bush.
1672. Dryden, 1st Pt. Conq. Granada, III. Stage-dir. He walks swiftly, and discomposedly studying.
1811. Henry & Isabella, II. 5. He was not so spiritually engrossed, but that he had time to study a little upon temporal affairs.
1876. ‘Mark Twain,’ Tom Sawyer, xviii. ‘Go on, Tom!’ ‘Just let me study a moment—just a moment. Oh, yes—you said you believed the door was open.’
† b. Phrase, To study by or in oneself. Obs.
c. 1450. St. Cuthbert (Surtees), 1440. Cuthbert was gretly stonyed And be him selfe bisily stedyed.
c. 1450. Merlin, ii. 28. Gretly stodied euery clerke be hym-self, but for all their labour thei cowde not fynde but oon thynge.
a. 1533. Ld. Berners, Huon, li. 171. He began to study in hymself whether he shulde shewe the trouthe or eles to lye.
† c. To be in doubt or perplexity; to ‘take thought’ anxiously. Obs.
1362. Langl., P. Pl., A. VIII. 132. Mony tyme þis Metels han made me to studie For pers loue.
c. 1386. Chaucer, Merch. T., 711. Who studieth now but faire fresshe May?
1460. Capgrave, Chron. (Rolls), 25. This mad simple men to studye, supposing that he was a god.
1493. Festivall (W. de W., 1515), 139 b. Than came an aungel to Joseph & badde he sholde take Mary to his kepynge & study no more thereupon.
1546. J. Heywood, Prov., II. iv. (1867), 49. Husband (quoth she) ye studie, be mery now, And euen as ye thynke now so come to yow.
a. 1586. Montgomerie, Misc. Poems, xxiv. 31. I, that som tyme solide wes and sage, Begouth to studie, stupefact and strange.
† d. With indirect question: To debate with oneself, deliberate, consider. Obs.
a. 1300. Cursor M., 22166. Þai sal be studiand in þair thoght, Queþer þat he be crist or nai. Ibid., 28013. And yee leuedis … studis hu your hare to heu.
a. 1340. Hampole, Ps. xiii. 2. Þai kast and studis how þai moght doe in dede þat þai haf wickidly thoght.
1390. Gower, Conf., I. 146. This king began to studie and muse, What strange matiere he myhte use The knyhtes wittes to confounde.
c. 1450. Merlin, xii. 178. He … be-gan to stodye howe he myght spede to go to the kynge Arthur.
a. 1533. Ld. Berners, Huon, cl. 570. She stode styl and studyed what voyce it myght be.
1593. Shaks., Rich. II., V. v. 1. I haue beene studying how I may compare This prison where I liue, vnto the world.
1600. Fairfax, Tasso, V. xcii. He studied how to feed that mightie host.
1694. Atterbury, Serm. (1726), I. 184. Every Man is continually studying how to put a Trick upon his Neighbour.
1788. Mrs. Hughes, Henry & Isab., III. 79. She determined … not to study what would best deceive her friends and the world; but [etc.].
† e. To ask oneself without answer, ‘wonder’ why, what, etc. Obs.
c. 1480. Henryson, Mor. Fab., X. (Fox & Wolf), v. I studdie, quhy ye suld stop me, Sen that I faltit neuer to you.
c. 1533. Ld. Berners, Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546), Dd vj b. I studye soore what hath meued the to leaue chyualrye.
† f. To search, ‘cast about’ for. Obs.
1551. Robinson, trans. More’s Utopia, II. iii. (1895), 137. That no man … shall then afterwarde rather studye for [L. excogitet] reasons wherewyth to defende [etc.].
1592. Arden of Feversham, V. iii. 13. Study not for an answer; looke not down.
1609. Rowlands, Knave Clubs (1872), 38. A greedy minded gripple Clearke, Had gathered store of gould, And studied for a place secure His hoorded heape to hould.
1613. T. Adams, White Devil, Ep. Ded. This Sermon beares so strange a Title in the forhead, that I durst not (a while) study for a Patronage to it.
1717–8. Lady M. W. Montagu, Lett. to Lady —, 16 March. I am in great danger of losing my English…. I am forced to study for Expressions.
1732. Swift, Lett. to Gay, 10 July. I found a Moral first and studied for a Fable.
1748. Richardson, Clarissa (1811), VII. 369. She must have studied for an expedient.
† 3. To exercise oneself, employ one’s thought or effort in. Obs.
1450–80. trans. Secreta Secret., Prol. 3. For euyr he was stodiyng in good and gracious thewes.
1456. Sir G. Haye, Law Arms (S.T.S.), 25. Otheris that studyit nocht in the keping of leautee, bot mare in the contrufing [printed contrusing] of falshede.
1474. Caxton, Chesse, IV. i. (1883), 161. Whan the gouernours studye in wisdom.
4. a. With inf.: To endeavor, make it one’s aim, set oneself deliberately to do something. arch.
1340. Ayenb., 232. Stude þou to bleue.
c. 1350. Will. Palerne, 130. Þan studied sche stifly as stepmoderes wol alle, to do dernly a despit to here stepchilderen.
1377. Langl., P. Pl., B. XV. 587. Þei … studyeden to stroyen hym and stroyden hemself.
c. 1450. Capgrave, St. Gilbert, xiv. 80. Þis very prest Gilbert stodied euery day to bere schidis to þe holy fyr whech brent in þe tabernacle.
1474. Caxton, Chesse, III. vi. (1883), 132. We studye for to be lyke vnto belues of the see.
c. 1482. J. Kay, trans. Caoursin’s Siege of Rhodes (1870), ¶ 11. They tourned theire fantasye and studyed wyth alle theire vertue and myghte to assaute the cyte.
1519. Interl. Four Elem. (Percy Soc.), 4. Yet amonge moste folke that man is holdyn Moste wyse, whiche to be ryche studyeth only.
1526. Tindale, 1 Thess. iv. 11. We beseche you … that ye studdy to be quyet [so 1611], and to medle with youre owne busynes.
1549. Bk. Com. Prayer, Commun., Prayer for King, That … he [the King] maye … study to preserue thy people,… in wealth, peace, and Godlynes.
1585. T. Washington, trans. Nicholay’s Voy., I. xvi. 17 b. They study to seek places coole & shadowous.
1639. N. N., trans. Du Bosq’s Compl. Woman, II. 59. The more lascivious study commonly to appeare most chast.
c. 1665. Mrs. Hutchinson, Mem. Col. Hutchinson (1846), 359. But Cromwell, who of late studied to give him neglects, passed him by.
1701. W. Wotton, Hist. Rome, 312. He study’d to do as much Mischief as he could.
a. 1715. Burnet, Own Time (1766), I. 115. No body did ever study to hurt him.
1798. Webbe, in Owen, Wellesley’s Desp. (1877), 10. I have not studied to exaggerate any part of this memorandum.
1823. Scott, Quentin D., xxi. ‘For whom are you?’… ‘For France—for France,’ answered Quentin, studying to get away.
† b. With clause: To employ one’s effort that.
1656. Earl Monm., trans. Boccalini’s Advts. fr. Parnass., II. vi. (1674), 145. They should chiefly study, that … clemency might clearly be seen in the punishment.
† 5. [After L. studere with dat.] To be addicted to; to direct one’s efforts to; to be solicitous for, after; to set one’s mind upon. Obs.
1382. Wyclif, Jer. vi. 13. Alle to auarice studien. Ibid., 2 Macc. ii. 29. Forsothe grauntynge the trewthe of alle autours, bot we oure self studyinge to shortnesse.
c. 1430. Pol. Rel. & L. Poems, 205. Þou studiest after nyce aray.
1561. Daus, trans. Bullinger on Apoc. (1573), Pref. 19. Certeine thinges … I have not set forth in these my sermons, studieng much, for breuity.
1603. Stow, Surv. Lond. (1908), I. 189. Their Prelates,… studying for mony, omitted the punishment limitted by law.
II. Transitive uses.
† 6. To ponder over, meditate upon. Obs.
a. 1300. Cursor M., 7128. Þis [sc. Samson’s riddle] it was quen þai had soght, And stodid thre dais al for noght.
c. 1380. Wyclif, Sel. Wks., II. 116. Studie þou þe dede of Crist, and knitt oo witt wiþ anoþer.
1474. Caxton, Chesse, IV. viii. (1883), 186. To gyue hem cause to leue her pensifnes and sorowes In anysynge & studyynge this game.
b. causatively. To cause to muse; to perplex. Obs. exc. dial.
1654. T. Whalley, in Ussher’s Lett. (1686), 602. Your noting their defects … more studied me.
7. To apply one’s mind to the acquiring of (a science, art, language, etc.).
1445. in Anglia, XXVIII. 273. Aonias also, which crafte of musys studyed.
1516. Kal. New Leg. Eng. (Pynson), 28 b. As he was studyinge arythmetryke, his moder then latlye deed apperyd to hym.
1596. Shaks., Tam. Shr., I. i. 40. In briefe sir, studie what you most affect.
1634. Sir T. Hawkins, Pol. Observ., 36. Happy he, who studieth prudence on anothers bookes.
1698. Fryer, Acc. E. India & P., 263. Studying all the Arts of Thrift, will Travel for Fifty Shillings.
a. 1704. Locke, Educ., § 167, Wks. 1714, III. 74. If a Gentleman be to study any Language, it ought to be that of his own Country.
1715. Addison, Drummer, III. i. I warrant you he has study’d the black art.
1750. Warburton, Julian, Introd. p. xxxviii. That very Philosophy, which was then adopted to explain articles of Faith, was now studied only to instruct us in the history of the human mind [etc.].
1788. Mrs. Hughes, Henry & Isab., III. 28. Our heroine had not at all studied the rules of whist, and practised them very little.
1833. G. Combe, Lect. Pop. Educ., i. (1848), 14. They have wasted in studying—or in attempting to study—Greek and Latin, the only time which their pressing occupations left at their command.
1878. Stedman, Oxford: Soc. & Intell. Life, 280. Political Economy may be studied in Fawcett or Mill.
b. colloq. To study up: to study (a subject) in view of some special emergency, e.g., an examination; to ‘get up.’
In recent Dicts.
8. To be occupied with (a specific branch of learning) as the subject of one’s educational course or professional training.
1569. Underdown, Ovid’s Invect. Ibis, Pref. A vij. Ouid … was a gentleman of a good house,… who rather to please hys father, then for any loue he bare thervnto, studyed the lawe. But after his decease, he returned to his olde study of Poetry againe.
1611. G. H., trans. Anti-Coton, 35. Being asked whether hee had studyed Diuinitie in the Colledge of Iesuites, he answered: Yea, [etc.].
a. 1700. Evelyn, Diary, 8 Dec. The Chancery requiring so little skill in deep law learning, if the practiser can talk eloquently in that Court, so that probably few care to study the law to any purpose.
1841. Penny Cycl., XXI. 184/1. The university of Göttingen, where Seetzen from 1785–88 studied medicine, the natural sciences, [etc.].
† b. In passive, To be educated. Obs.
a. 1662. Heylin, Hist. Presbyt., II. (1670), 54. The State of Avignion,… being visited with such of the French Preachers as had been studied at Geneva.
1662. Stillingfl., Orig. Sacræ, II. ii. § 5. And after, speaking of their Kings being studied in their arts as well as others of the Priests, he adds, [etc.].
9. To read (a book, a passage, an author) with close attention.
1422. Yonge, trans. Secreta Secret., 247. Good bokys to rede and study.
1526. Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W., 1531), 2. But rather I beseche all the reders so to study this present treatyse, that [etc.].
1611. Bible, Transl. Pref., ¶ 4. If we doe not studie them [the Scriptures].
1701. De Foe, Trueborn Eng., 29. The Learned Men who study Aristotle.
1844. E. FitzGerald, Lett. (1889), I. 125. Think of the rocococity of a gentleman studying Seneca in the middle of February 1844 in a remarkably damp cottage.
1848. Thackeray, Van. Fair, ix. At college … he prepared himself for public life … by studying the ancient and modern orators with great assiduity.
1865. M. Arnold, Ess. Crit., Pref. p. viii. One cannot be always studying one’s own works.
1881. P. Brooks, Candle of Lord, 60. A text which we have once studied is like a star upon which we have once looked through the telescope.
1910. Month, Jan., 2. I have read promiscuously in the Miscellaneous Writings, sampling nearly everything and studying some sections carefully.
1910. F. C. Burkitt, Earliest Sources Life Jesus, ii. 30. Their common matter [i.e., Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke] may be studied and compared at a glance.
b. Of an actor: To commit to memory and exercise oneself in the rendering of (a part).
1601. Shaks., Twel. N., I. v. 190. I can say little more then I haue studied, & that question’s out of my part. Ibid. (1602), Ham., II. ii. 566. You could for a need study a speech of some dosen or sixteene lines?
1778. Miss Burney, Evelina (1791), I. x. 19. I could hardly believe he [sc. Garrick] had studied a written part, for every word seemed to be uttered from the impulse of the moment.
1779. Mirror, No. 9, ¶ 2. The part of Lear was to be performed by an actor who had studied the character under the English Roscius.
10. To examine in detail, seek to become minutely acquainted with or to understand (a phenomenon, a state of circumstances, a series of events, a person’s character, etc.); to investigate (a problem).
1600. E. Blount, trans. Conestaggio, 131. Who had sent John de Noghera to the Vniuersitie of Coimbra, to studie the point of their pretended election.
1658. Flecknoe, Enigm. Charac., 76. In Grammer Schools, where they study Boyes so long, they are marr’d for ever studying men.
a. 1687. Petty, Polit. Anat., x. (1691), 70. So as it becomes a Trade to study and make Advantages of these Irregularities [in the value of coin].
1807. Opie, Lect. Art, iv. (1848), 321. In studying and copying the works of old and celebrated masters, it is proper, however, that [etc.].
1830. R. Knox, Béclard’s Anat., 42. The anatomist may study the human body in two different states.
1843. Ruskin, Mod. Paint., I. I. I. i. § 2. The mindless copyist studies Raffaelle, but not what Raffaelle studied.
1845. Pattison, Ess. (1889), I. 14. The Church studying the barbarian temper for the purpose of winning it to Christ.
1849. Macaulay, Hist. Eng., vi. II. 105. Over the room which he occupied in the King’s Bench prison lodged another offender whose character well deserves to be studied.
1885. ‘H. Conway,’ Family Affair, xxvii. The more he studied the situation, the more apparent it became that, to use his own words, he was in a cleft stick.
1907. A. W. Stewart, Stereochem., 546. Brion studied the action of the animal organism upon the four tartaric acids.
1918. Times Lit. Suppl., 14 March, 126/2. It is through the writings of Tolstoy and others that the intelligent public has studied Russia.
b. To scrutinize (a visible object) in order to ascertain its nature or to be familiar with or interpret its appearance; loosely, to look at as if examining minutely.
1662. Gurnall, Chr. in Arm., III. verse 18. lviii. 528. The curious Limner studies the face of the man before he makes his draught.
1709. Dryden, Fables, Ep. Ded. C 1. You have studied every Spot of Ground in Flanders, which … has been the Scene of Battles and of Sieges.
1802. Mar. Edgeworth, Moral T., Prussian Vase (1816), I. 222. Many studied the countenance of the king, to discover what his wishes might be.
1844. Kinglake, Eöthen, xiv. By seizing and studying the contents of my dearest portmanteaus.
1878. Stedman, Oxford: Soc. & Intell. Life, 286. Finally he will study the specimens in the Court with the aid of the Catalogues of the Oxford Museum.
1889. H. S. Edwards, in Century Mag., May, 85/2. He was studying the toe of his foot visible through a rift in his well-worn brogan.
1908. R. Bagot, A. Cuthbert, xxi. 257. She was engaged in studying her sister-in-law’s figure and personality attentively.
11. To aim at, seek to achieve. Now only, to be solicitous of, aim at (some quality in one’s own action).
1606. Chapman, Gentl. Usher, V. ii. 22. Nor studiest eminence, and the higher place Amongst thy consorts, like all other Dames.
1611. Bible, Prov. xxiv. 2. For their heart studieth destruction.
c. 1611. Chapman, Iliad, VII. 55. Saturnius … (studying both our ils) Will neuer ceasse till Mars … his rauenous stomacke fils, With ruin’d Troy.
1658. Sir T. Browne, Hydriot., v. 29. While some have studied Monuments, others have studiously declined them.
1667. Milton, P. L., IX. 233. For nothing lovelier can be found In woman, then to studie houshold good.
1719. De Foe, Crusoe, II. (Globe), 355. The three Villains studied nothing but Revenge.
1738. Swift, Pol. Conversat., Introd. 43. I most earnestly recommend to my male Readers, that they would please a little to study Variety.
Mod. He seems to have studied brevity rather than lucidity.
† 12. To meditate, purpose. Obs.
1669. Dryden, Tyr. Love, III. i. (1670), 27. He from your bed does study a Divorce.
13. To devise, excogitate. Now only with out.
1559. Homilies, I. Good Wks., III. I iv. Suche as he hath commaunded in his holy Scripture, and not suche woorkes as menne haue studyed out of their owne brayne. [1549 I iv b reads haue immagined of their awne brayne.]
1611. Beaum. & Fl., Maid’s Trag., V. (1619), L 1 b. Thou art some prating Fellow, One that hath studied out a tricke to talke And moue soft harted people.
a. 1637. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph., I. iii. I will still study some revenge past this!
1782. Warton, Ess. Pope, II. viii. 78. The temple itself is nobly and magnificently studied.
1845–6. Trench, Huls. Lect., Ser. I. vi. 95. We might study out a system; but can we ever study out a person?
14. To exercise thought and deliberation in (an action, composition, etc.).
1668. Evelyn, trans. Freart’s Idea Perf. Paint., 120. Intelligent men, who finding nothing of rare and well studied in their Works … will be soon wearied with a transitory view of their Labors.
1710. Felton, Diss. Classics (1718), 171. His Words flowed rather from Nature than Art; and where they appear most to be studied, they appear at the same time to be most affected.
1852. Mrs. Stowe, Uncle Tom’s C., xxvi. It was tied up with an evident eye to the contrast of colour, and the arrangement of every leaf had carefully been studied.
1857. Trollope, Barchester T., xxxii. The epistle to Mr. Towers was studied, and recopied, and elaborated at the cost of so many minutes, that [etc.].
15. To pay practical regard to, ‘consider’ (a person’s wishes, feelings or interests); hence colloq. to be careful of the convenience or feelings of, to humor (a person).
1758. S. Hayward, Serm., xvii. 534. Where a person … is continually studying our advantage.
1798. Sophia Lee, Canterb. T., Young Lady’s T., II. 31. [He] soon studied her convenience.
1852. Dickens, Bleak Ho., ii. I [a tradesman] have been accustomed to study the leaders of my high connexion.
1858. Mrs. Carlyle, Lett., II. 352. With no husband to study, housekeeping is mere play.
1861. F. W. Robinson, No Church, V. v. III. 258. Say that, to set her free, I have to ask the law to take you prisoner again, do you think for a moment I should study you in saving her?
1891. Times (weekly ed.), 1 Nov., 875/3. She was willing to study their wishes to a certain extent.
1895. Law Times, XCIX. 545/2. We best serve our own interests in studying the interests of those for whom we act.
1909. Spectator, 25 Sept., 451/1. They speak of a sensitive child who must be studied.
