Forms: α. 4–6 stomak, 4–7 -ake, -ac, -ack, 5–7 -acke, (5 -oke, -ocke, 5–6 -ok, 6 stommok, stummock, stomacque, 7 stamocke, 8 Sc. stamock); β. 6 stomache, 6– stomach (9 Sc. stammach). [a. OF. estomac, stomaque, stomeque (mod.F. estomac) ad. L. stomachus, a. Gr. στόμαχος, orig. the throat, gullet, hence the mouth or orifice of any organ, esp. of the stomach, and later the stomach itself; f. στόμα mouth. Cf. Pr. estomac, Sp. estómago, Pg. estomago, It. stomaco.
The Gr. senses occur in Latin, where however the usual sense is ‘stomach,’ with various fig. applications, e.g., ‘appetite,’ ‘indignation,’ ‘courage,’ etc.]
1. In a human or animal body: The internal pouch or cavity in which food is digested.
In man, the stomach is a dilatation of the alimentary canal, occupying the upper part of the left side of the abdomen. In some animals there are several stomachs, through which the food passes in succession; thus in ruminants there are the first stomach (paunch, rumen), the second stomach (honeycomb, reticulum), the third stomach (omasum, psalterium), and the fourth or true stomach (abomasum).
13[?]. E. E. Allit. P., C. 274. & per he [Jonah] festnes þe fete & fathmez aboute, & stod vp in his [the whale’s] stomak, þat stank as þe deuel.
c. 1374. Chaucer, Boeth., III. met. xii. (1868), 107. Þe fowel þat hyȝt voltor þat etiþ þe stomak or þe giser of ticius [erron. trans. L. Tityi jecur]. Ibid. (c. 1374), Troylus, I. 737.
1375. Barbour, Bruce, III. 542. That soucht nane othir salss thair-till Bot appetyt … For weill scowryt war thar stomakys.
1398. Trevisa, Barth. De P. R., V. xxxviii. (1495), 152. The stomak is beclipped in on place wyth the lyuer.
a. 1400–50. Wars Alex., 4436. Youre mawis ȝe fill,… Stuffis so ȝour stomake with stullis & of wynes, Þat [etc.].
1406. Hoccleve, La Male Regle, 150. A draght of wyn … To warme a stomak with.
1500–20. Dunbar, Poems, xxvii. 52. In to his stommok wes sic ane steir, Off all his dennar quhilk he coft [v.r. cost] deir.
1526. Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W., 1531), 36. Somtyme of great replecyon or fyllyng of ye stomacke, or surfet.
c. 1623. Lodge, Poor Mans Talent, E 2. The stomacke is the storehouse of the Bodie.
1650. Bulwer, Anthropomet., xi. 117. The Gullet moveth the meat into the Stomack by natural instruments.
1664. E. Browne, Jrnl., in Sir T. Browne’s Wks. (1836), I. 54. I being desirous to see the inside of a man’s stomache, hee cut one up for me which hee had by him.
1686. trans. Chardin’s Trav. Persia, 168. It is not to be imagin’d what an empty stomach I had all the while that I was in Mingrelia.
1833. N. Arnott, Physics, I. III. v. 661. A full stomach produces tension and projection of the belly.
1834. McMurtrie, trans. Cuvier’s Anim. Kingd., 482. In the middle of the inferior margin [of the rib in Medusæ] is the mouth, a wide aperture opening into a stomach placed transversely in the thickness of the rib.
1847. W. C. L. Martin, The Ox, 144/2. The second stomach is the reticulum or honeycomb…. The third stomach is termed manyplus, manyplies, manifold, and other names, in allusion to its internal foliations.
1873. Mivart, Elem. Anat., 441. The stomach … is a simple, somewhat pear-shaped bag, curved so that its upper surface is concave.
1884. Day, Fishes Gt. Brit., I. p. lii. This gizzard-like stomach is evidently employed for grinding up hard food.
1901. Daily Chron., 26 July, 3/4. The oyster and his fellow mollusca … like man himself,… possess that test of biological greatness, a true stomach.
transf. 1605. Rowlands, Hell’s broke loose, 20. Our Purses may haue emptie stomackes all.
fig. c. 1440. Jacob’s Well, 117. Takyth þe tryacle of my techyng in-to þe stomak of ȝoure soule.
† b. To defy or digest the stomach: see DEFY v. 1 b, DIGEST v. 4 f.
c. On an empty stomach: fasting. On a full stomach: immediately after a copious meal.
1607. Topsell, Four-f. Beasts, 376. A Horsse may haue shortnesse of breath, by hasty running after drinking, or vpon a full stomach.
1663. Bayfield, Treat. De Morb. Capitis, 88. Barley masticated, or chewed, upon an empty stomach.
1744. Berkeley, Siris, § 3. About half a pint night and morning on an empty stomach.
1780. Mirror, No. 98. Whenever he read on an empty stomach, he was apt to be disturbed with uneasy yawnings.
1865. ‘Annie Thomas,’ On Guard, xxvii. II. 178. Mrs. Green made some shadow of a protest against the brandy being taken on an empty stomach.
d. Viewed as the organ of digestion. Often with epithet, as weak, strong, good, etc.
c. 1380. Wyclif, Sel. Wks., III. 133. Þo stomak of a man schulde deffye his mete.
c. 1400. Lanfranc’s Cirurg., 13. Forbede hem neiþir wiyn ne fleisch, for þe stomak þat is so feble ne myȝte nouȝt engendre nessessarie mater of blood þat longiþ to þe wounde.
c. 1430. Lydg., Min. Poems (Percy Soc.), 23. The wolf … Saide he [the lambe] maadde his water unholsom, His tender stomake to hinder and undispose.
1519. Knaresb. Wills (Surtees), I. 8. Hole in mynde and wake in stomak.
1599. Buttes, Dyets drie Dinner, I 1. Signifying the holesomnesse thereof to a good stomacke.
1612. Woodall, Surg. Mate, Wks. (1653), 70. Mace … strengtheneth the stomack.
1631. T. Powell, Tom of All Trades, 31. A Citizens wife of a weake stomacke.
1669. Dryden, Tempest, II. (1670), 18. This [Brandy] works comfortably on a cold stomach.
1779. Mirror, No. 9. I am a Scotsman of a good plain stomach.
1853. Soyer, Pantroph., 73. The cucumber, although but little nutritious, does not agree with cold stomachs.
1856. Athenæum, 26 April, 515/3. A brewage so composed can only be fitting for the stomachs of Belphegor and his brethren.
transf. 1612. Sturtevant, Metall. (1854), [115]. The seuerall sorts of Raw matters, which are the things that the Stomack of the Furnace worketh upon.
fig. 1589. Pappe w. Hatchet, in Lyly’s Wks. (1902), III. 399. His conscience hath a colde Stomacke.
e. as the seat of hunger, nausea, discomfort from repletion, etc. To lie (heavy) on one’s stomach: (of food) to cause indigestion. (See also TURN v. 12, 12 b.)
c. 1394. P. Pl. Crede, 765. A great bolle-full of benen were betere in his wombe,… Þan … comeren her stomakes wiþ curious drynkes.
1513. Life Hen. V. (Kingsford, 1911), 64. To … indure the rage and boysterous of the sea, wthout accombrance and disease of his stomacke.
c. 1522. More, De quat. Noviss., Wks. 99/1. And than the head aketh, & the stomake knaweth, and the next meale is eaten wt out appetite.
1567. Gude & Godlie B. (S.T.S.), 36. He wuld haif eitin with the swyne, His hungrie stomok to fulfill.
1610. Shaks., Temp., II. ii. 118. ’Prethee doe not turne me about, my stomacke is not constant.
1649. Jer. Taylor, Great Exemp., Pref. ¶ 18. He knew that some appetites might be irregular, just as some stomackes would be sicke.
1709. T. Robinson, Vindic. Mosaick Syst., 59. The Dog … when he finds himself sick at Stomach … presently runs to Grass, and having eaten it, it gives him a Vomit, and the Dog is well.
1711. Swift, Jrnl. to Stella, 5 Sept. I ate sturgeon, and it lies on my stomach.
1774. Burke, Amer. Tax. (C.P.S.), 95. I am sure our heads must turn, and our stomacks nauseate with them.
1786, 1807. [see SICK a. 1 c].
1829. Southey, Pilgr. Compostella, IV. Poet. Wks. VII. 264. Not till he had confest,… did he feel His conscience and stomach at rest.
1842. Macaulay, Ess., Fredk. Gt., ¶ 8. Sometimes he was forced to swallow food so nauseous that he could not keep it on his stomach.
1852. Thackeray, Esmond, III. v. ’Twas the stomach that caused other patriots to grumble, and such men cried out because they were poor.
f. as the part of the body that requires food; hence, put for the body as needing to be fed.
1904. M. H. Morrison, in Windsor Mag., Jan., 268/2. ‘An army marches on its stomach.’ ‘C’est la soupe qui fait le soldat.’ These Napoleonic aphorisms … have been [etc.].
fig. c. 1530. Tindale, Jonas, Prol. A vij b. God oure father & scolemaster fedeth vs & teacheth [printed teached] vs accordinge vn to the capacite of oure stomakes.
† g. Used to render L. jecur (liver) as the supposed seat of lust. Obs.
Cf. the original passage, De Proeliis Alexandri, ‘Cupidinem deam iecoris existimas.’
1340–70. Alex. & Dind., 686. Ȝe sain þat he [Cupidus] is a soþ god … Þat haþ þe stomak in stat stifly to kepe, For þere þe hete that men han is holden wiþ-inne Þat enforceþ þe flech folie to wirche.
1390. Gower, Conf., II. 177. Cupide … was the sire Of the stomak, which builleth evere, Wherof the lustes ben the levere.
¶ 2. Some of the earlier anatomists (following, ultimately, Galen) attempted to restore to the word its original Gr. sense of œsophagus or gullet, and to give the name ventricle to what is ‘improperly’ called the stomach.
1541. Copland, Galyen’s Terap., 2 H j b. We must gyue medicaments to drynke to hym yt hath his ventricle vlcerate, whiche vulgarily is called ye stomacke, & yf the bulke yt proprely is called ye stomacke, yt the grekes cal cesophagus [sic] be vlcerate, the sayd medycaments ought nat to be taken & swalowed at ones, but by lytel & lytell.
1578. Banister, Hist. Man, V. 68. The begynnyng of the stomache is at the roote of the toung, in the lower part of the iawes behynd Larinx. Ibid., 70. The Ventricle consisteth of two broad and thinne coates together ioyned, euen as the stomach or throte, but somewhat unlike.
1658. Rowland, trans. Moufet’s Theat. Ins., 1121. I mean by the stomach the mouth of the ventricle, taking the word stomach improperly, for properly it signifies the throat…. the properly called stomach, that is, the throat is fenced with most strong bones.
3. The part of the body containing the stomach, the belly, abdomen; sometimes (formerly often) applied to the chest.
c. 1375. Sc. Leg. Saints, x. (Matthew), 488. He … his gret sorow for to slak, hyme-selfe into þe stomak strak, & ȝeld þe gaste.
c. 1400. Laud Troy Bk., 10929. He was al bare but his hauberke On his brest & his stomak.
c. 1440. Gesta Rom., xvi. 56 (Harl. MS.). Þere came an arowe, & smote him at þe stomak, & he felle doun ded.
1530. Palsgr., 276/2. Stomake, estomac, poictrine.
1567. Fenton, trans. Bandello, xiii. (1898), II. 245. Her stomake also, some what raised by two rounde and precius dugges … was covered with a brave and softe vaile,… whyche hyndred no waye the viewe of her travellynge brestes.
1585. T. Washington, trans. Nicholay’s Voy., II. vii. 37 b. About their neck and vpon their stomacke, they were many chaines, tablets, & other trynkets.
a. 1605. Montgomerie, Misc. Poems, xxvii. 3. I wot ȝe neuer kneu A harte more treu within a stomok stik.
1748. Smollett, R. Rand., xxvii. Many cross-buttocks did I sustain, and pegs on the stomach without number.
1847. Marryat, Childr. N. Forest, iv. The dog … dragged himself on his stomach after Edward.
1863. Kingsley, Water-bab., vi. (1869), 271. So they lived miserably on roots and nuts, and all the weakly little children had great stomachs, and then died.
1888. Rider Haggard, Maiwa’s Revenge, i. Good crawled upon his stomach.
transf. 1848. Thackeray, Van. Fair, lxii. With … his hand in the stomach of a voluminous white waistcoat.
1902. Cornish, Naturalist Thames, 8. Barometers, if tapped violently in the centre of their mahogany stomachs.
† 4. Sc. = STOMACHER. Also, a chest-covering for a horse. Obs.
1473–4. Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot., I. 38. Deliuerit to Caldwele … j elne of satyne for stomokis to the Quene. Ibid. (1488–92), 8. Item, in the same box, a stomok.
1500–20. Dunbar, Poems, xxvii. 11. With mony lymmar loun,… Off stomok steillaris and clayth takkaris.
1506. [see SHAKER 6].
1508. Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot., IV. 22. Item for vj quartaris quhit dames to be foure stomo[k]is for hors housouris, xlij s. Ibid. (1540–1), VII. 423. The litill copburd of silver with certane stomokkis, perle bedis, [etc.].
1558. Extracts Aberd. Reg. (1844), I. 309. The wrangous reiffing and away taking fra hir of ane plyd,… ane bukrame approwne, ane stomak.
5. Appetite or relish for food. Obs. exc. (somewhat arch.) with const. for.
c. 1386. Chaucer, Sompn. T., 139. The body is ay so redy and penyble To wake, that my stomak is destroyed.
1514. Barclay, Cyt. & Uplondyshm. (Percy Soc.), 1. A lordes stomake & a beggers pouche Full yll accordeth.
1555. Eden, Decades (Arb.), 182. They haue no stomacke to their meate.
1560. T. Wilson, Rhet. (1563), 72. I haue no liste to eate now, it is to earely for me, my stomacke is not yet come to me.
1590. Shaks., Com. Err., I. i. 49. You haue no stomacke, hauing broke your fast.
1642. Fuller, Holy & Prof. St., III. xiii. 185. A rich man told a poore man that he walked to get a stomach for his meat.
a. 1654. Selden, Table-T. (Arb.), 88. ’Tis a good rule, eat within your Stomack, act within your Commission.
1674–7. J. Molins, Anat. Observ. (1896), 19. The Boy came to his Stomack, and would goe.
a. 1722. Lisle, Husb. (1757), 271. Such working every other day … would get them a stomach to their meat.
1726. Swift, Gulliver, II. iii. I had quite lost my stomach, and was almost reduced to a skeleton.
1746. Oxf. Sausage (1764), 34. I … Rode for a Stomach.
1766. Complete Farmer, s.v. Purging, Horses that fall off their stomach,… should have a mild purge or two.
1841. G. P. R. James, Brigand, v. Heaven send us all as good food as I have a good stomach.
1855. Thackeray, Newcomes, II. xxxvii. 334. ‘You must go back to your dinner.’ In vain I pleaded that I had no stomach for it.
1859. Tennyson, Enid, 1062. And Enid took a little delicately, Less having stomach for it than desire To close with her lord’s pleasure.
1867. Howells, Ital. Journ., 95. The lions had no stomach for Glaucus on the morning of the fatal eruption.
b. fig. Relish, inclination, desire (for something immaterial).
1513. Douglas, Æneis, XIII. vi. 76. Agane his stomak … the contrak is ybrokken.
1596. Shaks., Merch. V., III. v. 92. Nay, let me praise you while I haue a stomacke. Ibid. (1610), Tempest, II. i. 107. You cram these words into mine eares, against the stomacke of my sense.
1610. Holland, Camden’s Brit. (1637), 313. These matters, I assure you, it goes against my stomacke to relate.
1622. Bacon, Hen. VII., 38. It was an Act against his stomacke, and put vpon him by necessitie and reason of State.
a. 1660. Contemp. Hist. Irel. (Ir. Archæol. Soc.), II. 27. The captain against his stamocke condescended.
1682. Bunyan, Holy War (1905), 369. The Captains … did do such execution with their stones, that they made him, though against stomach, to retreat.
1722. De Foe, Plague, 65. I had no stomach to go back again to see the same dismal scene over again.
1793. Dr. Burney in Mme. D’Arblay’s Diary & Lett. (1891), III. 479. I have little stomach to write.
1870. Emerson, Soc. & Solit., Books, Wks. (Bohn), III. 82. And if one lacks stomach for Mr. Grote’s voluminous annals, the old slight and popular summary of Goldsmith … will serve.
1902. J. Buchan, Watcher by Threshold, 186. I had no stomach for more mysteries.
† 6. Used (like ‘heart,’ ‘bosom’, ‘breast’) to designate the inward seat of passion, emotion, secret thoughts, affections, or feelings. Obs.
1482. Cely Papers (Camden), 131. The wyche y onderstond ye taked sor at yowre stomak.
1537. Starkey, in Strype, Eccl. Mem. (1721), I. App. lxxxi. 197. I trust … your bounden duty to your Sovereign Lord & Master shal so prevail in your stomac, that you [etc.].
1537. Cranmer, Lett. to Crumwell, Misc. Writ. (Parker Soc.), II. 348. Your good mind towards me concerning my debts to the king’s highness, which of all other things lieth most nigh unto my stomach.
a. 1548. Hall, Chron., Hen. VIII., 164 b. They knew nothyng of all his doynges, whiche sore greved their stomackes.
1571. Walsingham, in Digges, Compl. Ambass. (1655), 151. The common people ease their stomacks onely by uttering certain seditious words.
1599. Chapman, Hum. Day’s Mirth, E 2 b. Nay I do not cry, but my stomacke waters to thinke that you should take it so heauily.
1642. D. Rogers, Naaman, 346. Evill which causeth such a fulsomenesse and wearinesse in Gods stomacke.
1663. Butler, Hud., I. iii. 222. This said, his grief to anger turn’d, Which in his manly stomach burn’d.
1707. Addison, Rosamond, II. ii. 16. My Stomach swells with secret Spight To see my fickle, faithless Knight … So little his own Worth to know.
1721. Strype, Eccl. Mem., I. I. xi. 98. Nor cared they to meddle openly against the Emperor, especially in this, which he took so much to Stomach.
† b. To utter (the bottom of) one’s stomach: to disclose one’s inmost thoughts. Similarly, to fish out the bottom of a person’s stomach. Obs.
1537. Cromwell, in Merriman, Life & Lett. (1902), II. 92. As you may therby fishe out the botom of his stomake, and aduertise his Maieste howe he standethe disposed towardes him. Ibid (1538), 128. I cannot but … be glad, that ye so frankely utter your stomache to me.
1604. Hieron, Preachers Plea, 28. But such as I am shall often heare them talke at libertie, and vtter the very bottome of their stomackes.
† c. In various phrases, To pierce one’s stomach, sink (deep) into one’s stomach, to stick in one’s stomach: said of something that makes a lasting (esp. painful) impression on the mind. Obs.
1387–8. T. Usk, Test. Love, II. viii. (Skeat), l. 15. It may not sinke in my stomake til I here more.
1509. Fisher, Funeral Serm. C’tess Richmond, Wks. (1876), 298. Dauyd sayth … zelaui super iniquos … it perceth my stomacke to se the rest & ease that synners often haue.
c. 1536. in Priory of Hexham (Surtees), I. App. p. clix. There is somewhat that stykkes in their stomakkes.
a. 1548. Hall, Chron., Edw. IV., 207. These reasons … sancke in the Dukes stomacke.
1565. Cooper, Thesaurus, s.v. Mordeo, Thy letters did much greue me, or pinche me at the stomake.
1579. Rice, Invect. agst. Vices, H j b. Now, therefore do I sore muse, how this question … could sinke into any honest, & specially, into any Christian mans stomake, to demaunde, what [etc.].
1643. Baker, Chron., Eliz. (1653), 558. For this new Earl [of the Holy Empire] stuck in the stomacks of the English Barons, who inwardly grudged to give him place.
1691. Wood, Athenæ Oxon. (1817), III. 369. Which usage sunk so deep into his stomach, that he [Selden] did never after affect the bishops and clergy.
1708. Mrs. Centlivre, Busy Body, V. iv. Does not your hundred pounds stick in your stomach?
1781. Cowper, Madan’s Answ. Newton, 8. Which stuck in M.’s stomach as cross as a bone.
1809. Malkin, Gil Blas, X. vii. (Rtldg.), 356. This declaration stuck in his stomach.
1828. Carr, Craven Gloss., ‘To stick in the stomach,’ to remain in the memory with angry resentment.
† 7. Temper, disposition; state of feeling with regard to a person; occas. friendly feeling, friendliness. Obs.
1476. Sir J. Paston, in Paston Lett., III. 160. He also hathe tolde me moche off hys stomake and tendre faver that he owythe to yow.
c. 1489. Caxton, Sonnes of Aymon, xii. 288. And I behelde vpon my bredern, & knewe their stomackes.
1535. Coverdale, Prov. xi. 17. He yt hath a gentle liberall stomacke, is mercifull.
1553. Brende, Q. Curtius, VI. 98. Antipater therefore which knew ful wel his stomake, durst not vse the victory accordinge to his owne will.
1565. Cooper, Thesaurus, s.v. Animus, Nec vnus in te ego hos animos gessi, Not only I had that stomake towarde you.
1607. Topsell, Four-f. Beasts, 307. When he had gotten perfect intelligence and vnderstanding of the Horsses stomacke, he … addressed himselfe to mount on his backe.
1610. Holland, Camden’s Brit. (1637), 51. The auxiliarie souldiers likewise were of the same stomack.
b. With various adjs. (e.g., bold, high, proud, malicious) or other qualifying words. (The combination of adj. and sb. is sometimes equivalent to the sb. in sense 8.)
c. 1510. More, Picus, Wks. 5/1. He was verie quicke, wise, and subtile in dispicions, and had great felicitee therein, while he had that high stomak.
1535. Coverdale, Prov. xvi. 18. After a proude stomake there foloweth a fall.
1536. in Priory of Hexham (Surtees), I. App. p. cxxxi. He did nothyng … but of a willyng malicys stomak.
1548. Hall, Chron., Edw. IV., 218. Erle of Warwicke, whose stoute stomacke, and invincible corage,… caused death before … old age.
1565. Cooper, Thesaurus, Sublimitas animi, lofty stomake or courage.
1573. G. Harvey, Letter-bk. (Camden), 14. A wurthi pattern of a noble stummock.
1576. Ralegh, in Gascoigne, Steele Glas (Arb.), 47. For spyteful tongs, in cankred stomackes plaste, Deeme worst of things, which best (percase) deserued.
1617. Hieron, Penance for Sin, xix. (1619), 283. It is scarcely to bee thought that that mans soule is truely taught of God, who is backward, especially out of height of stomake, to bee a Teacher vnto others.
1631. Quarles, Samson, iii. Great God! whose power hath so oft prevail’d Against the strength of Princes, and hast quail’d Their prouder stomackes.
a. 1661. Fuller, Worthies, Durh. (1662), 294. This Ralph was a Prelate of High Birth, haughty Stomach, great Courtship, [etc.].
1697. Dryden, Virg. Georg., III. 322. Before his Training, keep him poor and low: For his stout Stomach with his Food will grow.
1709. Strype, Ann. Ref., I. xxxv. 348. But Bourne, notwithstanding, had an angry Stomack against the Bishop.
1772. J. Fletcher, Logica Genev., 29. The proud and haughty stomachs of the daughters of England are so maintained with divers disguised sorts of apparel, that [etc.].
1835. Lytton, Rienzi, V. v. His stomach is too high for that now.
1881. Blackie, Lay Serm., viii. 263. Middleton, soon after this hasty provocation of the stout old Scottish stomach, fell into discredit.
8. In various senses relating to disposition or state of feeling.
† a. Spirit, courage, valor, bravery. Obs.
Phrase, to take stomach (often with dat. of refl. pron.).
c. 1532. Du Wes, Introd. Fr., in Palsgr., 904/2. The stomake, le courage.
1534. More, Comf. agst. Trib., II. Wks. 1171/1. A merye tale wyth a frende, refresheth a manne … and amendeth his courage and hys stomake.
1538. Starkey, England (1878), 27. Yet the grete frute … wych may … yssue of the same may somewhat encorage vs and gyue vs stomake.
1540. Hyrde, trans. Vives’ Instr. Chr. Wom. (1592), I 3. Against these darts of the divell … let her take the buckler of Stomacke.
1544. Bale, Exam. Oldcastle, 26 b. He toke stomake vnto him agayne.
1565. Cooper, Thesaurus, Afferre animum alicui, to encourage; to geue stomake.
1569. Underdowne, Heliodorus, IV. 55. After shee knewe her selfe, and had taken stomake vnto her, shee … saide [etc.].
1571. Homily agst. Disobedience, II. D j b. Lustie and couragious captaines, valiaunt men of stomacke.
1579. Fenton, Guicciard., VII. (1599), 270. The king of Romains also taking stomack by the greatnesse of his son, solicited to passe into Italy.
1606. Shaks., Tr. & Cr., II. i. 137. Hector … Will with a Trumpet,… To morrow morning call some Knight to Armes, That hath a stomacke.
c. 1611. Chapman, Iliad, IX. 335. Let him take stomacke to repell Troyes firie threatenings.
1645. Fuller, Good Th. in Bad T., 172. John Courcy, Earl of Vlster, was chosen Champion for the English; A Man of great Stomack and Strength.
1663. Butler, Hud., I. ii. 107. Instead of Trumpet and of Drum, That makes the Warrier’s stomach come; A squeaking Engine he apply’d.
† b. Pride, haughtiness; obstinacy, stubbornness.
a. 1513. Fabyan, Chron., VII. 643. For ye great stomake of the father, yt he wolde not be condycioned with of ye sone.
1575–85. Abp. Sandys, Serm., x. 169. Zeale without knowledge is not zeale but stomacke.
1590. Spenser, F. Q., II. vii. 41. Sterne was his looke, and full of stomacke vaine.
1613. Shaks., Hen. VIII., IV. ii. 34. He was a man Of an vnbounded stomacke, euer ranking Himselfe with Princes.
1641. Milton, Animadv., Wks. 1851, III. 239. They were … for stomach much like to Pompey the great, that could indure no equall.
1674. J. Howard, Engl. Mounsieur, II. i. 26. Oh—is your stomack come down.
1692. R. L’Estrange, Fables, ccxv. 188. Now ’tis not Courage but Stomach, that makes many People Break, rather then they will Bend.
1765. Foote, Commissary, I. Wks. 1799, II. 9. Oh ho! what, I suppose his stomach’s come down.
† c. Anger, irritation; malice, ill-will, spite; vexation, pique. Obs.
c. 1540. Life Bp. Fisher (E.E.T.S.), p. xlix. Whereat the Cardinall tooke such hartie displeasure against the Emperour that ever after he bare him in stomacke.
1559. Abp. Parker, in N. Johnston, King’s Visit. Power (1688), 216. I shall be bold in secretys to Wright it … to avoid som Stomake that ellys might be taken.
1568. T. Howell, Newe Sonets (1879), 139. Wordes be but winde, to purge his heate, His stomacke to abate.
1592. Wotton, Lett., 10 July, Reliq. W. (1685), 675. Having left a stipend … of 1200 Crowns, upon Stomach to see himself cross’d in the Court by the Archbishop of Pisa.
1603. Knolles, Hist. Turks (1621), 440. Zemes more upon stomacke and desire of revenge, than [etc.].
1611. Speed, Hist. Gt. Brit., IX. xiii. § 67. But the King vpon a stomacke doth it.
1633. Bp. Hall, Hard Texts, Eccl. x. 4. If the Prince be angry with thee, doe not in a stomach or froward pettishnesse give up thine office.
1641. Milton, Ch. Govt., II. Wks. 1851, III. 140. Not suddenly to condemn all things that are sharply spoken, or vehemently written, as proceeding out of stomach, virulence and ill nature.
1643. Baker, Chron., Edw. I., 131. Others of the nobility … took stomach against him.
a. 1825. Forby, Voc. E. Anglia, Stomach, anger.
9. Brewing. See quot. [Perhaps a corruption of some other word; perh. a fanciful use of 8 a.]
1835. W. Black, Brewing, 52. What is technically called the stomach or vinous vapour begins to be smelt, and continues to acquire strength until the process [of fermentation] is concluded. Ibid., 104. Stomach means the pungency, but more particularly the odour of the vapour evolved during fermentation; by which an experienced brewer should at all times be able to judge how the process is going on.
1882. E. G. Hooper, Man. Brewing (ed. 2), 240. The proper cleansing point is fixed in different ways, and whilst one judges by the heat of the wort ceasing to rise, another goes by the diminution in pungency of the odour or ‘stomach’ exhaled.
10. attrib. and Comb. a. Simple attrib., pertaining to the stomach, as stomach-blood, -catarrh, -complaint, -digestion, † fit, -wall, -wound; good for the stomach, as stomach-drink, -essence, -pill, -wine; b. objective and locative, as stomach-stretching; stomach-hating, -healing, -qualmed, -sick, -soothing, -turning, -twitched, -whetting, -worn, adjs.; c. special comb., † stomach-anger nonce-wd., concealed anger; stomach-bag = CHEESELIP1 2; stomach cough, a cough supposed to proceed from indigestion; † stomach grief, bitter anger; † stomach-gut, the duodenum; stomach-piece Naut. (see quot.); stomach pocket Zool., in Medusæ, a cavity serving as a stomach; stomach-pouch, (a) the protuberant abdominal pouch found in certain ducks and geese; (b) = prec.; stomach-pump, a kind of pump or syringe for emptying the stomach (esp. in cases of poisoning) or for introducing liquids into it; stomach-staggers, a variety of staggers (STAGGER sb.1 2) caused by distension of the stomach; stomach sweetbread, the pancreas, as distinguished from the ‘throat sweetbread’ or THYMUS; stomach-syringe = stomach-pump; † stomach-tight a. Sc., hungry; stomach-tooth (see quot.); stomach-tube, (a) ‘a siphon used in washing out the stomach’; (b) ‘a feeding tube’ (Dorland, Med. Lex.); stomach-warmer, a flat vessel of tin-plate, to be filled with hot water and applied to the pit of the stomach; stomach-wise adv. (nonce-wd.), (crawling) on one’s stomach; stomach-worm, (a) a common intestinal round worm, Ascaris lumbricoides, sometimes found in the human stomach (= MAW-WORM), (b) slang (see quot. 1788).
1640. Bp. Reynolds, Passions, xxxi. 317. Neither can I like that close and dissembled, that politick and *stomacke Anger, which cunningly shrowds it selfe under a calme and serene countenance.
1717. Dict. Rust., s.v. Cheeslip-bag,… ’Tis the *Stomach-bag of a young Sucking Calf that never tastes any other food than Milk.
1847. W. C. L. Martin, The Ox, 37. The first thing to be done is to clear the stomach-bag.
1666. G. Harvey, Morbus Angl., xxx. (1672), 90. If the evacuated blood be florid, it’s *Stomach-blood.
1910. Daily Chron., 5 April, 9/2. Niemeyer,… speaking of the value of this fluid in *stomach-catarrh, is found saying [etc.].
1824. Scott, St. Ronan’s, iii. The gentlemen were as liable to *stomach complaints, as the ladies to nervous disorders.
1875. T. K. Chambers, Man. Diet, 287. *‘Stomach cough’ and ‘Stomach sore throat’ … are best treated by [etc.].
1899. Allbutt’s Syst. Med., VIII. 369. The sensations accompanying *stomach and intestinal digestion are felt excessively.
1903. Daily Chron., 20 Feb., 3/5. Thus tea and coffee both retard stomach-digestion powerfully.
1766. Complete Farmer, s.v. Purging, When horses lose their appetites after purging, it is necessary to give them a warm *stomach drink.
1672. G. Thomson, Lett. to H. Stubbe, 25. A Vindication of the Author’s *Stomach-Essence, and other effectual Remedies.
a. 1700. B. E., Dict. Cant. Crew, Qualm, a *Stomack-Fit.
1533. T. Wilson, Rhet., 106 b. *Stomake grief [margin, Iracundia], is when we will take the matter as hote as a tost.
1585. Higins, Junius’ Nomencl., 31/2. Intestinum primum,… the *stomach gutte, or maw gut.
1620. J. Taylor (Water P.), Praise Hemp-seed (1623), 21. Iniunctions for some *stomacke hating Fast.
1735. Somerville, Chace, I. 378. Each *Stomach-healing Plant Curious they crop.
1846. A. Young, Naut. Dict., 14. Apron, or *Stomach-piece. A piece of curved timber which is bolted on the inside of a vessel’s main-stem, to strengthen it and to give shifts to its scarphs.
1875. Knight, Dict. Mech., Stomach-piece, a compass-timber fayed to the stem and keel. An apron.
1662. J. Degravere, Thesaurus Remed. (ed. 2), 35. First clense downward with the *stomack pills.
1885. W. K. Brooks, in Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., III. 361. The Narcomedusæ…. Radial canals absent, or present as flat radial *stomach pockets.
1854. Poultry Chron., I. 498. The duck of this kind has at a very early age a great development of its *‘stomach pouch.’
1871. Allman, Gymnobl. Hydroids, 84. The fact of their having twelve tentacles and twelve stomach-pouches instead of eight.
1822–9. Good’s Study Med. (ed. 3), I. 119. Until Dr. Physic proved the utility of the *stomach pump in the case of a child poisoned with laudanum, the invention gained little attention.
1899. Cagney, trans. Jaksch’s Clin. Diagn., v. (ed. 4), 151. The handle is removed and the sound connected with a stomack-pump.
1611. Shaks., Cymb., III. iv. 193. If you are sicke at Sea, or *Stomacke-qualm’d at Land, a Dramme of this Will driue away distemper.
1613. Purchas, Pilgrimage (1614), 289. He proued *stomack-sick to his expedition also.
1657. W. Rand, trans. Gassendi’s Life Peiresc, I. 98. He withdrew himself [to sit by the Mainmast] that he might not be Stomach-sick.
1664. H. More, Exp. 7 Epist., ix. 149. Christ here expresseth how nauseous and stomack-sick he is against his Church under this Intervall and Title of Laodicea.
1876. Bristowe, Th. & Pract. Med. (1878), 201. Spirits of chloroform, bismuth, or other *stomach-soothing drugs.
1831. Youatt, Horse, vii. 103. In *Stomach-staggers the horse stands dull, sleepy, staggering.
1648. G. Daniel, Eclog, iii. 79. T’allay The *Stomacke-Stretchings of the former Day.
1822–9. Good’s Study Med. (ed. 3), I. 119. A *stomach syringe, for diluting and washing away various poisons introduced into the stomach … was first suggested by Renault.
1715. Ramsay, Christ’s Kirk Gr., II. xviii. But ithers that were *stomach-tight, Cry’d out, [etc.].
1890. Billings, Nat. Med. Dict., II. 594. *Stomach tooth, canine tooth of lower jaw of first dentition, so called because of gastric disturbance frequently accompanying its eruption.
1857. Dunglison, Med. Lex., s.v. Tube, Tube Œsophageal, *Stomach Tube, a long elastic gum tube, capable of being passed into the œsophagus or stomach.
1897. Allbutt’s Syst. Med., III. 437. Emetics … may be given when the use of the stomach-tube is inadvisable.
1875. Browning, Aristoph. Apol., 197. The *stomach-turning stew.
1804. Coleridge, Lett. (1895), 457. I am as asthmatic and *stomach-twitched as when with you.
1871. Allman, Gymnobl. Hydroids, 84. The internal surface of the *stomach walls.
1835. Dickens, Sk. Boz, River. A flat bottle like a *stomach-warmer.
1858. Simmonds, Dict. Trade, Stomach-warmer a metal vessel for holding hot water to place on the stomach.
1631. Quarles, Samson, x. Their *stomacke-whetting Sallats.
1677. J. Beale, Nurseries, etc. ii. 24. Poitiers (where I always met with excellent *stomach-wine).
1750. J. Theobald, App. Medulla Med. Univ., 67. Stomach Wine. Take Half an Ounce of Gentian-root, [etc.].
1893. K. Grahame, Pagan Ess., 131. Where a rabbit could go, a boy could follow, albeit *stomach-wise, and with one leg in the stream.
1647. Trapp, Comm. Mark ix. 50. 27. *Stomack-worms are killed with salt.
1666. G. Harvey, Morbus Angl., xvii. (1672), 35. Whence they are called Stomach or Maw-worms.
1788. Grose, Dict. Vulgar T. (ed. 2), s.v., The stomach worm gnaws; I am hungry.
1812. [Southey], Omniana, I. 229. The same man, sick, dyspeptic, and *stomach-worn.
1905. Brit. Med. Jrnl., 4 March, 471. The upper part of the *stomach wound was closed.
