[STAR sb.1]
1. A name for the pentagonal or star-shaped vertebral joints of pentacrinites.
1658. Ray, Itin., Sel. Rem. (1760), 107. Hereabout [Shuckborough, Warw.] are found Star-Stones.
1666. Merrett, Pinax, 211. Astroites, the Star-stone.
1673. Ray, Journ. Low C., 116. Those they call Star-Stones (because they run out into five Angles like so many Rays as they use to picture Stars with).
1748. J. Hill, Hist. Fossils, 653. Nearly allied to the Entrochi and Volvulæ, are the Asteriæ or Star-stones, well known in most of the Northern counties of England.
1836. Buckland, Geol. & Min. (1837), I. 435. All the joints of the [vertebral] column [of Pentacrinites], when seen transversely, present various modifications of pentagonal star-like forms; hence their name of Asteriæ, or star-stones.
1908. [Miss E. Fowler], Betw. Trent & Ancholme, 36. We used to gather star stones, pentacrinites.
† 2. A fossil coral studded with star-like forms. (Cf. STARRY a. 5.)
1668. Charleton, Onomast., 262. Astroites, Lapis Stellaris, Germanis Sternenstein; the Star-stone (quia stellulis undiquaque insignitus nigricantibus).
1748. J. Hill, Hist. Fossils, 641. The Astroites or Star-Stone is allyd also to these [corals].
1755. J. Ellis, Corallines, 102. The Polypes inhabiting the Corallines, Corals, Star-Stones, and the like.
3. A precious stone that exhibits asterism; a star-sapphire or star-ruby.
1798. Phil. Trans., LXXXVIII. 448. When the reflection is compounded of rays which intersect each other, and appear to diverge from a common centre, I call them star-stones, as red, blue, or greyish star-stones, or star-sapphires. Ibid. (1802), XCII. 273. That beautiful reflection of light, in the form of a star with six rays, which is frequently given, by cutting, to oriental rubies, sapphires, &c. and which causes those stones to be then called by the name of star-stones.
1879. Cassells Techn. Educ., II. 123/2. Star-stones . These gems are essentially crystallised alumina, and are known as star or asterias rubies or sapphires, according to their colour.