Forms: α. 7 lan(d)-, landtschap, lantschape, landt-shape, landscap, -skap, (lantskop, land-scept), 7–8 landskape, -schape, -shape, -chape, 7– landscape. β. 6–8 (9 arch.) landskip; also 6 launce-skippe, 7 lan(d)tskip, lantsc(h)ip, lanscippe, land-, lantskipp. [a. Du. landschap (= OE. landsceap neut., landscipe masc., OS. landscepi neut., OHG. lantscaf, mod.G. landschaft fem., ON. landskap-r masc.), f. land LAND sb. + -schap (see -SHIP). The word was introduced as a technical term of painters; the corrupt form in -skip was according to our quots. a few years earlier than the more correct form.]
1. A picture representing natural inland scenery, as distinguished from a sea picture, a portrait, etc.
α. 1603. Sylvester, Du Bartas, I. vii. 13. The cunning Painter … Limning a Land-scape, various, rich, and rare.
1605. B. Jonson, Masque Blackness, Wks. (1616), 893. First, for the Scene, was drawne a Landtschap, consisting of small woods.
16[?]. A. Gibson, L’Envoy, in Guillem’s Heraldry (1660). As in a curious Lant-schape, oft we see Nature, so follow’d, as we think it’s she.
1683. Dryden, Life Plutarch, Ded. 18. Let this part of the landschape be cast into shadows that the heightnings of the other may appear more beautiful.
1821. Craig, Lect. Drawing, v. 271. If … you paint your landscapes in oil-colours.
1841–4. Emerson, Ess., Art, Wks. (Bohn), I. 145. In landscapes, the painter should give the suggestion of a fairer creation than we know.
1899. L. Cust, in Nat. Gallery Brit. Art, 8. The landscapes exhibited on this occasion by Constable.
β. 1598. R. Haydocke, trans. Lomazzo, III. i. 94. In a table donne by Cæsar Sestius where hee had painted Landskipes.
1615. G. Sandys, Trav., 154. Vallies such as are figured in the most beautifull land-skips.
1648. Bury Wills (Camden), 216. I give alsoe vnto her LaPP, the landskipp inamiled vpon gold which is in the Dutch cabinett in my closett.
1698. Fryer, Acc. E. India & P., 83. Such a Troop as went to apprehend our Saviour, dressed after the same manner we find them on old Landskips.
1702. Eng. Theophrast., 116. The perfections of a fine Landskip decrease, when you behold it at a close view.
1718. J. Chamberlayne, Relig. Philos. (1730), III. xxv. § 29. A noble Landskip of Men, Trees, Flowers … and such like.
1725. Watts, Logic, II. iv. As a Painter who professes to draw a fair and distinct Landskip in the Twilight, when he can hardly distinguish a House from a Tree.
† b. spec. The background of scenery in a portrait or figure-painting. Obs.
1656. Blount, Glossogr., Landskip, Parergon, Paisage or By-work, which is an expressing of the Land, by Hills, Woods, Castles, Valleys, Rivers, Cities, &c. as far as may be shewed in our Horizon. All that which in a Picture is not of the body or argument thereof is Landskip, Parergon, or by-work.
1676. Beale, Pocket-bk., in H. Walpole, Vertue’s Anecd. Paint. (1786), III. 134. I gave Mr. Manby two ounces of very good lake … in consideration of the landskip he did in the Countess of Clare’s picture.
2. A view or prospect of natural inland scenery, such as can be taken in at a glance from one point of view; a piece of country scenery.
a. 1725. Pope, Odyss., III. 630. O’er the shaded landscape rush’d the night.
1742. Young, Nt. Th. VI. 773. Sumptuous Cities … gild our Landschape with their glitt’ring Spires.
1750. Gray, Elegy, 5. Now fades the glimmering landscape on the sight.
1875. Mozley, Univ. Serm., v. 99. There are no two more different landscapes than the same under altered skies.
1877. Black, Green Past., ii. (1878), 11. What could be a fitter surrounding for this young English girl than this English-looking landscape?
β. 1632. Milton, L’Allegro, 70. Streit mine eye has caught new pleasures Whilst the Lantskip round it measures.
1635. A. Stafford, Fem. Glory (1869), 86. As terrible to them as a Lanscippe with a May-pole in it.
1697. Addison, Ess. Georg., in Dryden’s Virg., sig. ¶ 4. It raises in our Minds a pleasing variety of Scenes and Landskips. Ibid. (1712), Spect., No. 411, ¶ 2. Scenes and Landskips more beautiful than any that can be found in the whole Compass of Nature.
1748. Anson’s Voy., II. i. 111. Thus we coasted the shore, fully employed in the contemplation of this diversified landskip.
1855. Bailey, Mystic, 107. Where bright Herat, city of roses, lights With dome and minaret the landskip green.
1894. Crockett, Raiders (ed. 3), 29. The hues of the landskip and the sea.
3. In generalized sense (from 1 and 2): Inland natural scenery, or its representation in painting.
α. 1606. Dekker, Sev. Sinnes, Ded. A Drollerie (or Dutch peece of Lantskop).
1747. Hoare, in Phil. Trans., XLIV. 570. These Pictures shew, that the Antients understood Perspective and Landschape.
1795. Coleridge, Lines on Climbing Brockley Coomb. What a luxury of landscape meets My gaze!
1844. Ruskin, Mod. Paint. (1851), I. Pref. to ed. 2. 25. The true ideal of landscape is precisely the same as that of the human form.
1873. Pater, Renaissance, 142. The feeling for landscape is often described as a modern one.
β. 1602. Dekker, Satiromastix, C 2. Good peeces of lantskip, shew best a far off.
a. 1649. Drumm. of Hawth., Poems, 104. Like imagin’d Landskip in the Aire.
1667. Milton, P. L., V. 142. The Sun … Discovering in wide Lantskip all the East Of Paradise and Edens happie Plains.
1678. Cudworth, Intell. Syst., I. v. 855. Landskip in Picture.
4. In various obsolete transf. and fig. uses.
† a. A view, prospect of something.
1612. W. Parkes, Curtaine-Dr. (1876), 22. In my mentall and priuate Peregrinations, taking a view and land-scape … of all the famous Courts and Cities of the world.
1658. R. Franck, North. Mem. (1821), 195. Come, then, let us break the heart of these hills, and bless our eyes with a landskip of the Lowlands.
1698. Fryer, Acc. E. India & P., 3. Too great a distance to take a perfect Landschap, it being only discernible to be Land.
a. 1711. Ken, Serm., Wks. (1838), 155. The Love of God … presented Daniel with a clearer landscape of the Gospel than any other prophet ever had.
† b. A distant prospect; a vista. (Cf. 2 b.)
1599. Nashe, Lenten Stuff, Wks. (Grosart), V. 204. I care not, if in a dimme farre of launce-skippe, I take the paines to describe this … Metropolis of the redde Fish.
a. 1613. Overbury, Charac., Whore (1616). The sins of other women shew in Landscip, far off and full of shadow; hers in Statue, neere hand, and bigger in the life.
1643. T. Fuller, Serm. Reform. (1875), 6. The Jewes … saw Christ presented in a land-scept, and beheld him through the perspective of faith.
1654. H. L’Estrange, Chas. I. (1655), 62. These storms appeared as Land-skaps and aloof.
1698. Norris, Pract. Disc., IV. 221. Nothing which this visible World can set before us is worthy our regard, especially when at the End of the Landskip the Invisible Glories of Heaven Solicit and Court our Love.
† c. The object of one’s gaze.
1659. Lady Alimony, II. v. C 4. There is a Caranto-man with all my heart! must Beauty be his Land-skip on the seat of Justice?
1664. Ld. Falkland, Marriage Nt., I. i. 4. At distances she is a Goodly Landskip.
† d. A sketch, adumbration, outline; occas. a faint or shadowy representation.
a. 1649. Drumm. of Hawth., Irene, Wks. (1711), 168. Imaginary and fantastical councils, landskips of commonwealths.
1650. Charleton, Paradoxes, 69. Every single entity containes … an adumbration or landskip of the whole Vniverse.
a. 1680. Charnock, Attrib. God (1682), 420. This is but a small Landskip of some of his Works of Power, the outsides or extremities of it.
1692. Bentley, Boyle Lect., x. (1715), 366. This short but true Sketch and faithful Landskip of Popery.
1709. Mrs. Manley, New Atal. (ed. 2), II. 57. A Feint, a distant Landshape of immortal joys.
† e. A compendium, epitome.
1656. in Clarendon, Hist. Reb., XV. § 113. That Landskip [MS. lantskipp] of iniquity, that Sink of Sin, and that Compendium of baseness, who now calls himself our Protector.
a. 1670. Hacket, Abp. Williams, II. (1693), 59. London … is … our England of England, and our Landskip and Representation of the whole Island.
1679. C. Nesse, Antid. agst. Popery, 104. To give but a scantling and landskip of some of them. Ibid., 197. This scantling landskip or compendium.
[1826. Scott, Woodst., xxv. That landscape of iniquity, that sink of sin,… Oliver Cromwell.]
† f. A bird’s-eye view; a plan, sketch, map.
1642. Howell, For. Trav. (Arb.), 21. Some have used to get on the top of the highest Steeple, where one may view … all the Countrey circumjacent … and so take a Landskip of it. Ibid. (c. 1645), Lett. (1726), 87. If you saw the Landskip of it [viz. a house] you would be mightily taken with it.
1657. R. Ligon, Barbadoes (1673), 2. The weather clearing up, the Master and Mates drew out several plots and Landscapes: which they had formerly taken upon the Coast of France and England.
a. 1700[?]. Frost of 1683–4 (Percy Soc.), p. xiv. There was first a map, or landskip, cut in copper, representing all the manner of the camp.
1723. Pres. State Russia, I. 306. It rather resembles a Landskip of many Boroughs than a City.
† g. The depiction or description of something in words.
1681–6. J. Scott, Chr. Life (1747), III. 119. Precepts and Discourses of Virtue are only the dead Pictures and artificial Landskips and Descriptions of it.
1689. Burnet, Tracts, I. 5. I will not describe the Valley of Dauphine, all to Chambery, nor entertain you with a Landskip of the Country, which deserves a better Pencil than mine.
1704. Addison, Italy, Pref. (1733), 12. To compare the Natural Face of the Country with the Landskips that the Poets have given us of it. Ibid. (1712), Spect., No. 416, ¶ 5. In this case the Poet seems to get the better of Nature; he takes indeed the Landskip after her, but gives it more vigorous Touches.
5. attrib. and Comb., as landscape art, book-plate, draughtsman, -lover, -work; landscape-gardening, the art of laying out grounds so as to produce the effect of natural scenery; so landscape-garden, -gardener; landscape lens, a lens used in photographing landscape; landscape marble, a variety of marble that shows dendritic workings resembling shrubbery or trees; landscape mirror, = CLAUDE LORRAINE GLASS (Cent. Dict.); landscape-painter, one who paints landscapes, a landscapist; so landscape-painting; † landscape-worker, a landscapist.
1874. R. Tyrwhitt, Sketch. Club, p. vii. A series of papers on *Landscape Art—that is to say on all works of art in which landscape is concerned.
1880. Warren, Book-plates, vi. 52. The *landscape book-plate … was rather the lineal descendant of the Chippendale than of the Jacobean style.
1861. Thornbury, Turner, I. 50. Dayes, the *landscape-draftsman and geographical artist.
1806. J. Dallaway, Observ. Eng. Archit., 245. Detached pieces of architecture are essential in creating a *landscape garden.
1827. Steuart, Planter’s G. (1828), 386. Useful to the General Planter, as well as to the *Landscape Gardener.
1870. Lowell, Study Wind. (1886), 333. The landscape-gardeners of literature give to a paltry half-acre the air of a park.
1805. H. Repton (title), Observations on the Theory and Practice of *Landscape Gardening.
1861. Delamer, Fl. Gard., 5. A park in the Brownean style of landscape-gardening.
1890. Anthony’s Photogr. Bull., III. 179. A fairly good camera and a single *landscape lens.
1882. Tennyson, To Virgil, ii. *Landscape-lover, lord of language.
1816. R. Jameson, Min., II. 196. It resembles in many respects the *landscape marble.
1883. Encycl. Brit., XV. 529. The well-known landscape marble or Cotham stone.
1793. A. Murphy, Tacitus (1811), I. p. lxii. What *landskip painter can equal the description [etc.].
1842. Tennyson, Ld. of Burleigh, 7. He is but a landscape-painter, And a village maiden she.
1861. Thornbury, Turner, I. 22. Most true, yet most poetic of landscape-painters.
1706. Art of Painting (1744), 406. He understood *landskip-painting and perform’d in it to perfection.
1841. W. Spalding, Italy & It. Isl., II. 402. Landscape-painting … may be said to have owed its origin to Titian.
1632. Sherwood, *Landskip worke (in painting), paĭsage, grotesques.
1598. R. Haydocke, trans. Lomazzo, III. i. 94. Barnazano, an excellent *Landskip-worker.
Hence Landscape v. trans., to represent as a landscape; to picture, depict.
1661. Holyday, Surv. World, To Rdr. As weary travelour … oft … Landskippes the Vale, with pencil; placing here Medow, there Arable [etc.].
1868. Browning, Ring & Bk., I. 1352. Putting solely that On panel somewhere in the House of Fame, Landscaping what I saved, not what I saw.
