Forms: 1– land; also 1, 3–5 7 lond, 4–6 londe, 4–7 lande, (3 loande, 4 loond, lont, 5 lonnde, lannde, 8–9 Sc. lan, lan’). [Com. Teut.: OE. land, lǫnd str. neut. = OFris. land, lond, OS. (Du., LG.) land, OHG. lant (MHG. lant, land-, mod.G. land), ON. (Sw., Da.) and Goth. land:—OTeut. *landom, cogn. w. OCeltic *landā fem. (Irish land, lann enclosure, Welsh llan enclosure, church, Cornish lan, Breton lann heath), whence the F. lande, heath, moor. The pre-Teut. *londh- is not evidenced in the other Aryan langs., but an ablaut-variant *lendh- appears in OSl. lędina heath, desert (Russian ляда, лядина), and in MSW., mod.Sw. linda waste or fallow land.]
I. The simple word.
1. The solid portion of the earth’s surface, as opposed to sea, water. Cf. firm land (see FIRM a. 8), DRY LAND. † Occas. classed as one of the ‘elements’ = EARTH sb.1 14. Often in phr. to land, on land (cf. ALAND), by land (in quot. 1841 transf.); also † at land = on land, ashore.
Beowulf, 1623. Com þa to lande lidmanna helm swiðmod swymman.
c. 900. trans. Bæda’s Hist., II. iii. (1890), 104. Seo is moniʓra folca ceapstow of londe & of sæ cumendra.
c. 1205. Lay., 117. On Italiȝe he com on lond.
c. 1250. Gen. & Ex., 103. It hiled al ðis werldes drof, And fier, and walkne, and water, and lond.
c. 1300. Havelok, 721. Fro londe woren he bote a mile.
13[?]. E. E. Allit. P., C. 322. Þe barrez of vche a bonk ful bigly me haldes, Þat I may lachche no lont.
c. 1330. R. Brunne, Chron. (1810), 266. Nouþer suld werri bi lond, no in water bi schip.
c. 1386. Chaucer, Man of Law’s Prol., 29. Ye seken lond and see for yowre wynnynges.
c. 1400. Maundev. (1839), i. 6. He may go by many Weyes, bothe on See and Londe.
1539. Taverner, Erasm. Prov. (1552), 13. It is most pleasaunte rowynge nere the land, and walkynge nere the sea.
1590. Spenser, F. Q., III. ii. 7. To hunt out perilles … By sea, by land, where so they may be mett.
1604. E. G[rimstone], D’Acosta’s Hist. Indies, II. xi. 107. We feele greater heat at land then at sea. Ibid., III. ii. 118. It behooves vs now to treate of the three elements, aire, water and land.
1610. Shaks., Temp., II. i. 122. I not doubt He came aliue to Land.
1667. Milton, P. L., XI. 337. His Omnipresence fills Land, Sea, and Aire.
1675. trans. Machiavelli’s Prince, xii. (1883), 82. They began to enterprise at land.
1719. De Foe, Crusoe, I. viii. I fairly descry’d Land, whether an Island or a Continent, I could not tell.
1798. Coleridge, Anc. Mar., VII. xiii. And now, all in my own countree, I stood on the firm land!
1841. Fr. A. Kemble, Rec. Later Life (1882), II. 142. At the beginning of railroad travelling, persons who preferred posting on the high road were said to go by land.
1849–50. Alison, Hist. Europe, VIII. 628. All the great defeats of France at land have come from England.
1865. Kingsley, Herew., i. (1877), 44. I was never afraid … to speak my mind to them, by sea or land.
b. Nautical phrases. † To take land: to come to land; to land, go ashore. Land to: just within sight of land, when at sea. † To raise land: to sail with the land just within sight. To lay the land: to lose sight of land. † To set (the) land: to take the bearings of land. Land ho! a cry of sailors when first sighting land. Land shut in (see quot. 1753).
c. 1330. R. Brunne, Chron. (1810), 59. Whan þe kyng wist, þat þei had taken land.
c. 1375. Barbour, Bruce, XVI. 551. Quhill thai … On vest half, toward Dunfermlyne, Tuk land.
a. 1533. Ld. Berners, Huon, xlii. 528. They … aryuyd at the porte of Marseyle there they toke londe.
1611. Cotgr., Surgir, to arriue, take land, goe ashore.
1627. Capt. Smith, Seaman’s Gram., ix. 43. One to the top to looke out for land, the man cries out Land to; which is iust so farre as a kenning, or a man may see the land. And to lay a land is to saile from it iust so farre as you can see it.
1633. T. James, Voy., 28. We hull’d off, North North-East, but still raised land.
1669. Sturmy, Mariner’s Mag., I. 21. When we set Land, some this, some that do guess.
1753. Chambers, Cycl. Supp., s.v., Land shut in, at sea. When another point of land hinders the sight of that which a ship came from, then they say the land is shut in. Setting the Land, at sea, is observing by the compass how it bears.
1769. Falconer, Dict. Marine (1780), Terre qui fuit, double-land, or land shut in behind a cape or promontory.
1840. R. H. Dana, Bef. Mast, iv. 8. A man on the forecastle called out ‘Land ho!’
c. Phr. How the land lies: primarily Naut. (see quot. a. 1700); now chiefly fig. = what is the state of affairs.
a. 1700. B. E., Dict. Cant. Crew, How lies the Land? How stands the Reckoning?
1809. Malkin, Gil Blas, VII. vii. (Rtldg.), 14. Several gentlemen … had a mind to feel how the land lay.
1870. Miss Bridgman, Ro. Lynne, I. vii. 99. Uncle Charles’s eyes had discovered how the land lay as regarded Rose and himself.
† d. A tract of land. Also transf. of ice. Obs.
1604. E. G[rimstone], D’Acosta’s Hist. Indies, III. x. 153. There is a straight and a long and stretched out land on eyther side.
1652. Needham, trans. Selden’s Mare Cl., To Rdr. A large Bay or inlet of the Sea,… entering in betwixt two lands.
1669. Sturmy, Mariner’s Mag., IV. 139. Captain Luke Fox in his North-West Discoveries … complained fearfully of the fast Lands of Ice upon those Coasts.
2. Ground or soil, esp. as having a particular use or particular properties. Often with defining word, as arable land, corn-land, plow-land, stubble land.
c. 825. Vesp. Psalter, cvii. 37. And seowun lond & plantadon winʓeardas.
a. 1050. Liber Scintill., x. (1889), 51. Færlic & swiðlic storm on hryre landu [L. arua] forhwyrfð.
c. 1050. Supp. Ælfric’s Voc., in Wr.-Wülcker, 177/11. Seges, ʓesawen æcer vel land.
c. 1380. Wyclif, Serm., Sel. Wks. II. 35. Lond wel eerid and wel dungid.
c. 1420. Pallad. on Husb., I. 8. Tilynge is vs to write of euery londe.
c. 1475. Pict. Voc., in Wr.-Wülcker, 796. Hec bovata, a hoxgangyn lond…. Hec virgata, a eryd lond. Hic selis, a ryggyd lond.
1632. Milton, L’Allegro, 64. While the Plowman neer at hand, Whistles ore the Furrow’d Land.
1697. Dryden, Virg. Georg., III. 605. And from the marshy Land Salt Herbage for the fodd’ring Rack provide.
1727–52. Chambers, Cycl., s.v. Mushroom, They are never found but on burnt lands.
1752. Hume, Ess. & Treat. (1777), I. 283. In England, the land is rich, but coarse.
1813. Shelley, Q. Mab, V. 8. Loading with loathsome rottenness the land.
1849. Macaulay, Hist. Eng., v. I. 593. The land to a great extent round his pleasure grounds was in his own hands.
1856. Olmsted, Slave States, 616. The conversation was almost exclusively confined to the topics of steam-boats,… black-land, red-land, bottom-land, timber-land [etc.].
† b. poet. = GROUND in various senses. Obs.
a. 1000. Cædmon’s Gen., 203 (Gr.). Inc is … wilde deor on ʓeweald ʓeseald & lifiʓende, ða ðe land tredað.
14[?]. Fencing w. Two Handed Sword, in Rel. Ant., I. 309. Fresly smyte thy strokis by dene, And hold wel thy lond that hyt may be sene.
1596. Spenser, F. Q., V. vii. 7. Her selfe uppon the land She did prostrate.
1716. Pope, Iliad, VII. 18. He … roll’d, with Limbs relax’d, along the Land.
3. A part of the earth’s surface marked off by natural or political boundaries or considered as an integral section of the globe; a country, territory. Also put for the people of a country.
(Sometimes defined by a phrase containing the name of the country or stating one of its prominent characteristics or products, as the land of Egypt, the land of the midnight sun, the land of the chrysanthemum, etc. Cf. b and c.)
c. 725. Corpus Gloss., 1995. Territorium, lond.
a. 900. O. E. Chron., an. 787 (Parker MS.). Þæt wæron þa ærestan scipu Deniscra monna þe Angel cynnes lond ʓesohton.
971. Blickl. Hom., 197. Þonne is seo cirice on Campania þæs landes ʓemæro.
1154. O. E. Chron., an. 1133 (Laud MS.). Ðis ʓear com Henri king to þis land.
c. 1205. Lay., 1244. Albion hatte þat lond.
1297. R. Glouc. (Rolls), 10154. He sende to alle þe bissopes of þis lond is sonde.
a. 1300. Cursor M., 3766. Þis esau … Oute o þe land did iacob chace.
13[?]. E. E. Allit. P., A. 936. In Iudy londe.
1382. Wyclif, Gen. xxi. 33. Abymalech … and Phicol … turneden aȝen into the loond of Palestynes.
c. 1400. Destr. Troy, 13932. I haue faryn out of fere lannd my fader to seche.
14[?]. Sir Beues, 2327 (MS. M.). All the lond after hem drowȝe Armyd with good harnes inouȝe.
14[?]. Dyal. Gent. & Husb., in Rede me, etc. (Arb.), 148. God left neuer lande yet vnpunished which agaynst his worde made resistence.
c. 1450. Merlin, 26. Vortiger … often tyme faught so with them that he drof hem oute of hys londe.
1535. Coverdale, Exod. iii. 8. To carye them out of that londe, in to a good and wyde londe, euen in to a londe that floweth with mylke and hony.
1611. Bible, Josh. ii. 1. Go, view the land, euen Iericho. Ibid., Isa. ix. 1. When at the first he lightly afflicted the land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali.
1629. Milton, Hymn Nativity, 221. He feels from Juda’s Land The dredded Infants hand.
1697. Dryden, Æneis, VII. 148. These Answers in the silent Night receiv’d The King himself divulg’d, the Land believ’d.
1770. Goldsm., Des. Village, 51. Ill fares the land, to hastening ills a prey, Where wealth accumulates, and men decay.
1819. Shelley, Peter Bell, V. xv. He made songs for all the land Sweet both to feel and understand.
1849. Macaulay, Hist. Eng., iii. I. 279. In our own land, the national wealth has, during at least six centuries, been almost uninterruptedly increasing.
fig. 1593. Shaks., Lucr., 439. Her bare brest, the heart of all her land. Ibid. (1595), John, IV. ii. 245. In the body of this fleshly Land, This kingdome, this Confine of blood, and breathe.
b. Phrases. Law of the land († land’s law: see LAND-LAW 1): see LAW sb.1 Land of promise († promission, † repromission, † behest), promised land: see PROMISE sb., etc. Land of cakes (Sc.): see CAKE sb. 1 b. See also HOLY LAND.
c. 1300. [see BEHEST sb. 1].
c. 1400. Maundev. (Roxb.), Pref. 1. Þe land of repromission, þat men calles þe Haly Land.
1513. Bradshaw, St. Werburge, I. 1612. Duke Iosue … Ledynge the Isrehelytes to the lande of promyssyon.
c. 1730. Burt, Lett. N. Scotl. (1760), II. xxiv. 271. The Lowlanders call their part of the Country the Land of Cakes.
1841. J. Imlah, Song, Land o’ Cakes, 11, in Poems & Songs, 86.
| And fill ye up and toast the cup, | |
| The land o’ cakes for ever. |
c. fig. = Realm, domain. Land of the leal (Sc.); the realm of the blessed departed, heaven. Land of the living: the present life. In the land of the living (a Hebraism): alive. Land of Nod: see NOD.
c. 825. Vesp. Psalter, cxiv. 9. In londe lifʓendra.
c. 1230. Hali Meid., 13. Iþis world þat is icleopet lond of unlicnesse.
13[?]. Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. (E.E.T.S.), 637/22. Ye shal not with-outen Strif fro this world passe to þe lond of lyf.
1611. Bible, Jer. xi. 19. Let vs cut him off from the land of the living.
1671. Milton, Samson, 99. As in the land of darkness yet in light, To live a life half dead, a living death.
1707. Curios. in Husb. & Gard., 313. In the Land of Nature we are often out of our Knowledge.
1798. Lady Nairne, Song, The Land of the Leal. I’m wearin’ awa’ John,… To the land o’ the leal.
1806–7. J. Beresford, Miseries Hum. Life (1826), VI. Introd. 116. You’d better have sent out Jedidiah Buxton if he is still in the land of the living.
1819. J. Hodgson, in J. Raine, Mem. (1857), I. 223. I was frequently travelling in the Land of Nod.
1836. W. Irving, Astoria, I. 129. They dug a grave … in which they deposited the corpse, with a biscuit … and a small quantity of tobacco, as provisions for its journey in the land of spirits.
1871. Morley, Voltaire (1886), 10. There are unseen lands of knowledge and truth beyond the present.
† d. In ME. poetry used vaguely in certain expletive phrases: on or in land, to come to land. Cf. similar uses of TOWN. Obs.
c. 1175. Lamb. Hom., 65. To eni monne þet is on londe.
c. 1300. Harrow. Hell, 46. Þritti winter and þridde half ȝer, Haui woned in londe her.
c. 1320. Cast. Love, 551. Maken I chulle Pees to londe come,… And sauen al þe folk in londe.
c. 1380. Sir Ferumb., 2793. Welawo to longe y lyue in londe.
c. 1386. Chaucer, Sir Thopas, 176. His steede … gooth an Ambil in the way Ful softely and rounde In londe.
¶ e. U.S. Substituted euphemistically for Lord, in phrases the land knows, Good land!
1849. Miss Warner, Wide wide World, xiv. ‘But what are they called turnpikes for?’ ‘The land knows—I don’t.’
1889. ‘Mark Twain,’ Yankee Crt. K. Arthur, xi. 110. Good land! a man can’t keep his functions regular on spring chickens thirteen hundred years old.
4. Ground or territory as owned by a person or viewed as public or private property; landed property. (Common, concealed, copyhold, debatable, demesne, fabric, fiscal land or lands: see the defining words. Also BOND-LAND, CROWN-LAND 1.)
971. Blickl. Hom., 51. Þa teoþan sceattas … ʓe on lande, ʓe on oþrum þingum.
c. 1205. Lay., 3914. His lond he huld half ȝer.
a. 1300. Cursor M., 4033. To dele þair landes þam betuixs þat aiþer might þam ald wit his.
1362. Langl., P. Pl., A. VII. 295. Laborers that haue no lond to liuen on bote heore honden.
c. 1386. Chaucer, Prol., 579. Worthy to been stywardes of rente and lond Of any lord that is in Engelond.
1509. Hawes, Past. Pleas., XVI. (Percy Soc.), 72. Borne to great land, treasure, and substaunce.
1587. Lady Stafford, in Collect. (O. H. S.), I. 209. They have recovered their land, with the Arrerages.
1602. Shaks., Ham., V. i. 113. This fellow might be in’s time a great buyer of Land.
1611. Bible, 2 Kings viii. 3. She went foorth to crie vnto the king for her house, and for her land.
1732. Berkeley, Alciphr., I. § 1. A convenient house with a hundred acres of land adjoining to it.
1849. Macaulay, Hist. Eng., vi. II. 142. He had no intention of depriving the English colonists of their land.
1878. Jevons, Prim. Pol. Econ., 12. Some one will say that he is beyond question rich, who owns a great deal of land.
b. pl. Territorial possessions. † Also rarely in sing., a piece of landed property, an estate in land.
c. 1000. Ælfric, Saints’ Lives (1885), I. 192. Feower land he forʓeaf forð In mid him ælþeodiʓum to andfencge and to ælmes-dædum.
c. 1250. Gen. & Ex., 1843. Ðor him solde an lond kinge emor.
c. 1330. Spec. Gy Warw., 163. Þouh man haue muche katel As londes, rentes, and oþer god.
a. 1450. Knt. de la Tour (1868), 86. [He] became … riche … and purchased londes and possessiones.
1560. Daus, trans. Sleidane’s Comm., 423 b, note. John Frederick demaundeth his landes and dignities.
1599. Shaks., Hen. V., I. i. 9. All the Temporall Lands which men deuout By Testament haue giuen to the Church.
a. 1656. Bp. Hall, Rem. Wks. (1660), 143. Who should have your Lands but your heirs?
1787. Burns, Poems (1809), II. 101, note. The Earl gave him a four merk land near the castle.
1827. Jarman, Powell’s Devises, II. 135. All his messuages, lands, and tenements.
1841. W. Spalding, Italy & It. Isl., I. 84. Considering this grievance more tolerable than … the loss of the public lands.
1849. Macaulay, Hist. Eng., vi. II. 130. Their lands had been divided by Cromwell among his followers.
c. Law. (See quots.)
1628. Coke, On Litt., 4. Land in the legall signification comprehendeth any ground, soile or earth whatsoeuer, as meadowes, pastures, woods, moores, waters marishes, furses and heath,… It legally includeth also all castles, houses, and other buildings.
1767. Blackstone, Comm., II. 18. Land hath also, in its legal signification, an indefinite extent, upwards as well as downwards.
1839. Penny Cycl., XIII. 300/1. Land in its most restricted legal signification is confined to arable ground…. In its more wide legal signification land extends also to meadow, pasture, woods, moors, waters, &c.
† 5. The country, as opposed to the town. On (in, † Sc. to) land: in the country; also, into the country; hence, to distant parts. Obs.
c. 900. trans. Bæda’s Hist., III. xx. [xxviii.] (1890), 246. Byriʓ & lond & ceastre & tunas & hus.
c. 1000. Ælfric, Gram., xxxviii. (Z.), 234. Ruri, on lande.
c. 1386. Chaucer, Prol., 702. A poure person dwellynge vpon lond. Ibid., Nun’s Pr. T., 4069. Swiche a ioye was it to here hem synge,… In sweete accord, My lief is faren in londe.
a. 1400[?]. Plowman’s T., 1138. Thou … livest in londe, as a lorell.
1425. Sc. Acts Jas. I. (1814), II. 11/2. Ande at þis be done als wele in borowis as to lande throu al þe realme.
c. 1470. Henryson, Tale of Dog, 123. [He] dytis all the pure men up-on-land.
1491. Sc. Acts Jas. IV. (1814), II. 226/2. The aulde statutis and ordinances maid of before baith to burghe and to lande.
1513–75–1818. [see BURGH b].
a. 1800. Jock the Leg, in Child, Ballads (1894), V. 128. In brough or land.
6. Expanse of country of undefined extent; COUNTRY 1 b. rare exc. with qualifying word, as down-land, HIGHLAND, LOWLAND, mountain-land, etc.
1610. Shaks., Temp., IV. i. 130. Leaue your crispe channels, and on this greene-Land Answere your summons.
1784. Cowper, Task, I. 323. The Ouse, dividing the well-watered land, Now glitters in the sun, and now retires.
1833. Tennyson, May Queen, III. 7. And sweet is all the land about, and all the flowers that blow.
7. One of the strips into which a corn-field, or a pasture-field that has been plowed, is divided by water-furrows. Often taken as a measure of land-area and of length, of value varying according to local custom.
1377. Langl., P. Pl., B. XVII. 58. Feith had first siȝte of hym … And nolde nouȝt neighen hym by nyne londes lengthe.
1522. Will, in Market Harboro’ Rec. (1890), 21. A lond of barly next the whet lond.
1523. Fitzherb., Husb., § 2. In Kente they haue other maner of plowes,… some wyll tourne the sheldbredth at euery landes ende, and plowe all one waye. Ibid., Surv., 38 b. A furlong called Dale furlong, ye whiche furlong conteyneth .xxx. landes and two heed landes.
a. 1500. Merry Jest Mylner Abyngton, 77, in Hazl., E. P. P., III. 103. The mylners house is nere, Not the length of a lande.
1565. Cooper, Thesaurus, Arepennem, a measure of ground as much as our lande or halfe aker.
1641. Best, Farm. Bks. (Surtees), 5. To putt ewes into the Carre three weekes before Lady-day, allowing five ewes for a lande.
1679. Blount, Anc. Tenures, 21. To cut down one Land of Corn.
1688. R. Holme, Armoury, III. 137/1. Land, or Lond, or Launde, in some places called a Loone, it is as much as two large Buts.
1767. Cries of Blood, 7. He went down Campden field … about a land’s length.
1786. The Har’st Rig, xxv. (1801), 12. O’ Gath’rers next, unruly-bands Do spread themsel’s athwart the Lands.
1791. Cowper, Retirement, 421. Green balks and furrowed lands.
1793. Trans. Soc. Arts, V. 83. The produce of one land or ridge of each crop.
1817–8. Cobbett, Resid. U.S. (1822), 114. I made a sort of land with the plough, and made it pretty level at top.
1861. Times, 4 Oct., 7/4. The disadvantage of fields laid out in six-yard lands with deep water-furrows for the sake of drainage.
8. Sc. A building divided into flats or tenements for different households, each tenement being called a ‘house.’
1456. Extracts Burgh Rec. Peebles (1872), 111. A land liand of this side the Hau. Ibid. (1457), 116. A land was his faderis liand in the burgh Peblis.
1466. Extracts Aberd. Reg. (1844), I. 26. He conquest a lande within your saide burgh.
1482. Act. Audit. (1839), 107/2. Diuerss housis … lying in the brugh of Edinburgh, on þe north side of þe strete … betuix þe land of Johne patonsone & þe land of Nicol spedy on þe est & west partes.
1555. Sc. Acts Mary (1814), II. 490/2. The annuellar hauand the grownd annuell vpone ony brint land quhilk is or beis reparellit.
1753. W. Maitland, Hist. Edin., II. 140. The Buildings here, elsewhere called Houses, are denominated Lands.
1776. E. Topham, Lett. Edin., 43. These buildings are divided by extremely thick partition walls, into large houses, which are here called lands, and each story of a land is called a house. Every land has a common staircase.
1780. Arnot, Hist. Edin., II. i. (1816), 185. The houses were piled to an enormous height, some of them amounting to twelve stories. These were called lands.
c. 1817. Hogg, Tales & Sk., V. 68. I showed him down stairs; and just as he turned the corner of the next land, a man came rushing violently by him.
1858. Mrs. Oliphant, Laird of Norlaw, I. 308. The ‘land,’ or block of buildings in which it was placed, formed one side of a little street.
1864. Burton, Scot Abr., II. i. 117. I remember an old ‘land’ in the High Street of Edinburgh.
1893. Stevenson, Catriona, 238. A certain frail old gentlewoman … who dwelt in the top of a tall land on a strait close.
9. Technical uses. a. [transf. from 7.] The space between the grooves of a rifle bore; also, the space between the furrows of a mill-stone. b. In a steam-engine, ‘the unperforated portion of the face-plate of a slide-valve’ (Knight, Dict. Mech., 1875). c. ‘The lap of the strakes in a clincher-built boat. Also called landing’ (Ibid.).
1854. Chamb. Jrnl., II. 202. These furrows and belts [in the bore of a cannon], technically called lands.
1857. Sir P. De Colquhoun, Compan. Oarsman’s Guide, 28. The lans are where one straik overlaps another.
1864. Daily Tel., 15 June, 5/3. Some of the ‘lands’ being slightly injured, as might well-nigh have been expected with so delicate a system of rifling.
1881. Metal World, No. 9. 131. The circular or angular lands and furrows [of a mill-stone].
II. Attributive uses and Combinations.
10. General relations. a. simple attrib., as land-belt, -boom, † -cape, -crescent, -development, -estate, † -ground, -labo(u)r, -mass, † -people, -price, -rent, -revenue, -sculpture, -security, -spit, -strip, -tenant, -tenure, -wave, -wealth.
1856. Kane, Arct. Expl., I. viii. 78. I am obliged to follow the tortuous *land-belt.
1891. Stevenson & L. Osbourne, Wrecker (1892), 288. There was some rumour of a Napa *land-boom.
1656. Blount, Glossogr., *Landcape, an end of land that stretcheth further into the Sea then other parts of the Continent thereabouts.
1875. W. M‘Ilwraith, Guide to Wigtownshire, 48. The *land-crescent that forms the bay.
1895. Law Times, 13 July, 254. if the Company is a *Land-development one.
1690. Mor. Ess. relat. Pres. Times, iii. 41. The Enjoyment of *Land Estates.
1575. Laneham, Lett. (1871), 4. *Londground by pool or riuer.
1776. Burke, Lett., 14 Aug. Condemned to *Land Labour at the last Assizes for this County.
1856. Kane, Arct. Expl., I. i. 16. The probable extension of the *land-masses of Greenland to the Far North.
1881. Judd, Volcanoes, 287. The land-masses of the globe.
c. 1440. Eng. Conq. Irel., xxxvii. 91. The *londe-Pepill that crystyn shold be.
1898. F. Whitmore, in Atlantic Monthly, April, 498/2. Immigrants were pouring into the state, and *land-prices were rising.
1706. in Arbuthnot’s Misc. Wks. (1751), II. 192. Paying high Interest for Money, which *Land-rents cannot discharge.
1733. Swift, Reasons agst. Settling Tithe of Hemp, etc. Wks. 1761, III. 313. The land-rents of Ireland are computed to about two millions.
1689. Lond. Gaz., No. 2472/4. The Office of Receiver of the *Land-Revenues for the Counties of Suffolk and Cambridge.
1800. Asiat. Ann. Reg., Proc. Parl., 15/2. Land revenues to the amount of 191,042l.
1882. Geikie, Text-bk. Geol., VII. 922. A chief element in the progress of *land-sculpture, is geological structure.
1677. Yarranton, Eng. Improv., 17. The *Land Security was so uncertain and bad, and it was so troublesome and chargeable getting their Moneys again when they had occasion to use it.
1865. Sat. Rev., 5 Aug., 182. Two *landspits and three bays are ignored by Van de Velde.
1878. Browning, Poets Croisic, 10. To that *land-strip waters wash.
1543. trans. Act 14 Edw. III., stat. i. c. 3. The heyres executours, and *lande tenauntes of suche ministers and receyuours.
1607. Cowell, Interpr., Land tenent.
1876. Digby, Real Prop., I. i. § 1. 2. The main features of *land-tenure.
1864. R. F. Burton, Dahome, 35. Gentle ridges … not unlike the wrinkles or *land waves behind S. Paul de Loanda.
1845. Darwin, in Life & Lett. (1887), I. 343, note. So as to lessen the difference in *land wealth.
b. objective and objective genitive, as land-buyer, -catcher, -ditching, -hirer, -hunter, -monger, -monopolist, -nationalization, -nationalizer, -occupier -proprietor, -roller, † -tilie, -tiller, -tilling; land-devouring, -eating, -scourging, -tilling, -visiting adjs.
1362. Langl., P. Pl., A. XI. 209. A ledere of louedayes and a *lond biggere.
1598. R. Bernard, Terence, Hecyra, III. v. They … are no great land-biers.
a. 1625. Beaum. & Fl., Wit without M., V. ii. Thou most reverent *land-catcher.
1641. Vicars, God in Mount, 12. These and such like *Land-devouring enormities.
1806–7. A. Young, Agric. Essex (1813), I. 116. *Land-ditching is done at different prices.
1883. G. C. Davies, Norfolk Broads, xl. (1884), 315. Walberswick is a decayed port, a victim of the *land-eating sea.
1552. Huloet, *Lande hyrer, redemptor.
1894. Outing (U. S.), June, 172. Four or five rough-looking men—evidently *land-hunters.
1647. Harvey, Schola Cordis, vii. 7. The greedy *landmunger.
1798. I. Allen, Hist. Vermont, 2. The persecutions of the settlers were carried on by the Governor and his *land-monopolists.
1882. A. R. Wallace (title), *Land Nationalization. Its necessity and its aims.
1884. Pall Mall Gaz., 5 March, 3/1. One point … will … be seized upon by the *land nationalizers.
1576. Act 18 Eliz., c. 10 § 10. All the inhabitants and *Land-occupiers within the whole Isle.
1829. Southey, Sir T. More (1831), II. 135. The relation between land-owner and land-occupier has undergone an unkindly alteration.
1815. L. Simond, Tour Gt. Brit., I. 172. The *land-proprietor does not get more than three per cent.
1875. Knight, Dict. Mech., *Land-roller, one for leveling ground and mashing clods in getting land into tilth for crops.
1641. Vicars, God in Mount, 48. Such a *Land-scourging rod.
c. 1205. Lay., 14847. We scullen … wurðen mils liðe wið þa *lond-tilien.
1387–8. T. Usk, Test. Love, I. iii. (Skeat), l. 32. Than good *lond-tillers ginne shape for the erthe … to bringe forth more corn.
c. 1475. Pict. Voc., in Wr.-Wülcker, 804/34. Hic cultor, a londtyllere.
1895. Q. Rev., April, 555. The interests of the landowner and the land-tiller became antagonistic.
c. 1420. Pallad. on Husb., I. 528. Donge of fowlis is ful necessary To *londtiling.
1393. Langl., P. Pl., C. IX. 140. Ȝe ben wastours … that deuouren That leel *land-tylynge men leelliche byswynken.
1883. C. F. Holder, in Harper’s Mag., Dec., 107/2. Jumping and *land-visiting fishes.
c. instrumental, as land-penned, sheltered, surrounded adjs.; similative, as land-like adj.
1804. Coleridge, Lett. (1895), 470. This [the green on the water], though occasioned by the impurity of the nigh shore … forms a home scene; it is warm and *landlike.
1850. Tennyson, In Mem., ciii. 56. We steer’d her toward a crimson cloud That landlike slept along the deep.
1883. J. D. Jerrold Kelly, in Harper’s Mag., Aug., 453/1. Short runs in summer within *land-penned rivers.
1883. Moloney, W. African Fisheries (Fish. Exhib. Publ.), 27. Grassy banks of *land-sheltered waters.
1776. Mickle, trans. Camoens’ Lusiad, 479. *Land-surrounded waves.
11. attrib., passing into adj., with the sense: Belonging or attached to, or characteristic of, the land; living, situated, taking place, or performed upon land (as opposed to water or sea); terrestrial: as in land-admiral, -army, -battery, -battle, -communication, -company, -engine, -fight, -form, -goods, -gunner, † -herd, -journey, -life, -monster, -passage, -pilot, -plant, -prospect, -siren, -soldier, -spout, -trade, -travel, -wages, -war, warfare, etc.
1490. Act 7 Hen. VII., c. 1 § 1. If any Captain … give them not their full Wages … except for jackets for them that receive Land-wages.
1595. Spenser, Col. Clout, 278. The fields In which dame Cynthia her landheards fed.
1618. Bolton, Florus, III. vi. (1636), 191. Impatient of land-life, they launcht againe into their water.
1625. Queries agst. Dk. Buckhm., in Rushw., Hist. Coll. (1659), I. 217. Admiral and General in the Fleet of the Sea, and Land-Army.
1625. Purchas (title), Purchas his Pilgrimes contayning a History of the World in Sea Voyages and Lande Travells.
1630. Wadsworth, Pilgr., vi. 51. I intreated him for a commission and patent for a land company in Flanders.
1634. Milton, Comus, 307. To find out that … Would overtask the best Land-Pilots art.
1667. Phil. Trans., II. 488. Their Land-voyage from Pekin to Goa.
1667. Pepys, Diary, 4 April. I made Sir G. Carteret merry with telling him how many Land-admirals we are to have this year.
1669. Sturmy, Mariner’s Mag., To Rdr. A most useful Instrument for all Land and Sea Gunners.
1682. Southerne, Loyal Bro., III. Wks. 1721, I. 44. Curse on these land-syrens!
1694. Lond. Gaz., No. 3023/3. They … are to be provided for in their way as Land-Soldiers are in their march.
1695. Prior, Taking Namur, 86. The water-nymphs are too unkind To Villeroy; are the land-nymphs so?
1711. Shaftesb., Charac. (1737), II. 289. Anchoring at sea, remote from all land-prospect.
1774. Goldsm., Nat. Hist., I. 395. The nature … of these land spouts.
1785. J. Phillips, Treat. Inland Navig., p. vi. Roads for land-communication and carriage.
1817. Parl. Deb., 316. Of the lords of the Admiralty, three of the sea officers, and one of the land lords, were efficient officers.
1822. Specif. Brunel’s Patent, No. 4683. 3. The common governor usually applied to land engines cannot act regularly at sea.
1844. H. H. Wilson, Brit. India, I. 335. Being exposed to the fire of the land-batteries as well as of the shipping.
1852. Grote, Greece, II. lxxxii. X. 665. If the preparations for land-warfare were thus stupendous, those for sea-warfare were fully equal if not superior.
1884. Bower & Scott, De Bary’s Phaner., 300. The foliage of land-plants.
1897. Willis, Flower. Pl., I. 169. All the Water-plants that are here dealt with are undoubtedly descended from land forms.
b. Prefixed to names of animals to indicate that they are terrestrial in their habits, and esp. to distinguish them from aquatic animals of the same name; as land-animal, -beast, -bird, † -cormorant, -dog, † -dove, -dragon, † -eft, -fowl, -mammifera, -mouse, -mollusca (hence land-molluscan adj.), † -pullen, -reptile, -scorpion, -spaniel (also fig.), -toad; land-beetle, a terrestrial predatory beetle, one of the group Geadephaga; land-bug, a bug of the group Geocores; land chelonian, a tortoise; land-cod, a kind of catfish, the mathemeg, Amiurus borealis (Cent. Dict.); land-crocodile, † (a) ? meant to designate the CAYMAN; (b) the sand-monitor, Psammosaurus arenarius (Cent. Dict.); land-leech, a leech of the genus Hæmodipsa, abounding in Ceylon; land-lobster, † -martin (see quots.); land-otter, ‘any ordinary otter of the subfamily Lutrinæ, inhabiting rivers and lakes, as distinguished from the sea-otter, Enhydris marina’ (Cent. Dict.); land-pike, = HELL-BENDER 1; land-shell, a terrestrial mollusk or its shell; land-slater, a terrestrial isopod crustacean, a wood-louse; land-snail, a snail of the family Helicidæ; land-sole, the common red slug, Arion rufus; land-tortoise, -turtle, any tortoise or turtle of terrestrial habits; † land-urchin, the hedgehog; † land-winkle, a snail.
1691. Ray, Creation (1692), 62. So necessary is it [air] for us and other *Land-Animals.
1748. Anson’s Voy., II. viii. 217. Besides these mischievous land-animals, the sea … is infested with great numbers of alligators.
1601. Holland, Pliny, I. 191. Let vs returne now to discourse of other liuing creatures; and first of *land-beasts.
1836–9. Todd, Cycl. Anat., II. 888/1. This division into lobes occurs in most of the *land-beetles.
1570. Order for Swans, in Hone, Every-day Bk. (1827), II. 959. The … custome of this Realme … dothe allow to every Owner of such ground … to take one *Land-bird.
1863. Kingsley, Water-bab., vii. 343. The sea-birds sang as they streamed out into the ocean, and the land-birds as they built among the boughs.
c. 1865. Circ. Sci. (ed. Wylde), II. 184/1. The Geocores or *Land-bugs.
1880. Cassell’s Nat. Hist., IV. 249. The *Land Chelonians.
a. 1653. G. Daniel, Idyll, iv. 4. *Land-Cormorants may Challeng them for food.
1688. R. Holme, Armoury, II. 159/2. He beareth Azure, the Bresilian *Land Crocodile, proper.
1664. Cotton, Scarron., IV. (1715), 69. Curs, Spaniels, Water-dogs, Bandogs, and *Land-dogs.
1712. E. Cooke, Voy. S. Sea, 319. Saw some Widgeons, and many *Land-Doves.
1894. Mivart, in Cosmopolitan, XVI. 344. The enormous *land-dragons that lived by rapine.
1768. G. White, Selborne, xvii. 49. The water-eft or newt is only the larva of the *land-eft.
1669. Worlidge, Syst. Agric. (1681), 304. If *Land-Fowl gather towards the Water.
1859. Tennent, Ceylon, I. 302. Of all the plagues which beset the traveller in the rising grounds of Ceylon, the most detested are the land leeches.
1897. Westm. Gaz., 20 Aug., 2/1. Huge ‘*land lobsters’—the ‘robber crab’ of the Pacific Islands.
1830. Lyell, Princ. Geol., I. 96. The annihilation of certain genera of *land-mammifera.
1674. Ray, Collect. Words, Eng. Birds, 86. The *Land-martin or Shore-bird: Hirundo riparia.
1601. Holland, Pliny, II. 403. A certain wel, wherein there keep ordinarily *land-mice.
1881. Nature, XXIV. 84. The *land-molluscan fauna of Socotra.
1706. Phillips (ed. Kersey), *Land Pike, a Creature in America, like the Fish of the same Name, but having Legs instead of Fins.
1601. Holland, Pliny, I. 507. Hens, and other *land pullen.
1796. Stedman, Surinam, II. xxviii. 315. I narrowly escaped being bitten by a *land-scorpion. This insect is of the size of a small cray-fish.
1853. Zoologist, XI. 4127. In *land-shells … the locality would not be easily surpassed.
1880. A. R. Wallace, Isl. Life, v. 76. The air-breathing mollusca, commonly called land-shells.
1863. Wood, Nat. Hist., III. 632. The *Land-slater (Oniscus asellus).
1729. Woodward, Nat. Hist. Fossils, I. I. 151. A *Land-Snail, incrusted over with … fine Stoney Matter.
1854. Woodward, Mollusca, II. 168. The *land-soles occasionally devour animal substances.
1576. Fleming, trans. Caius’ Eng. Dogs, § 2 (end). *Land spaniels.
1616. Rich Cabinet, 55 b. He would proue … a good land-spaniel or setter for a hungry Courtier, to smell him out a thousand pound sute, for a hundred pound profit.
1624. Heywood, Captives, IV. i. in Bullen, O. Pl., IV. Proceed seagull. Thus land-spaniell; no man can say this is my fishe till he finde it in his nett.
1774. Goldsm., Nat. Hist. (1776), VII. 105. It is only the Rubeth, the *land toad, which has the property of sucking. Ibid., VI. 380. The *land tortoise will live in the water, and … the sea turtle can be fed upon land.
1850. Lyell, 2nd Visit U.S., II. 293. In Mr. Clark’s garden were several land-tortoises (Testudo clausa, Say).
1697. Dampier, Voy., I. 109. We refresht our selves very well, both with *Land and Sea Turtles.
1796. Stedman, Surinam, II. xxiii. 163. The land-turtle of Surinam is not more than eighteen or twenty inches in length.
1603. Holland, Plutarch’s Mor., 973. The hedghoge, or *land urchin. Ibid. (1601), Pliny, I. 218. Of the Viper, *Land-winkles or Snailes, and Lizards.
12. Special combinations: land abutment, the terminal pier at the landward end of a bridge; land-agency, the occupation or profession of a land-agent; land-agent, a steward or manager of landed property; also, an agent for the sale of land, an estate agent; land-arch, an arch or bridge that spans dry land; † land-bat, a measure of land of varying length; land-berg ? nonce-wd. (after iceberg), an ‘ice-mountain’ on land; land-blink, an atmospheric glow seen from a distance over snow-covered land in the arctic regions; † land-board ? nonce-wd. (after seaboard), the borders of a country; † land-born a., native; land-breast, the whole frontage formed by the abutment and wing-walls or retaining walls of a bridge; land-bred a., brought up on land (as distinguished from on sea); also, native, indigenous; † land-carrack, (a) ? a coasting vessel; (b) = land-frigate; land-cast, an orientation; land-chain, a surveyor’s chain (Simmonds); † land-coal, coal transported by land; land-community, joint or common ownership of land; land-company, a commercial company formed for the exploitation of land; land-cook U.S., one who ‘cooks’ land for the market; land-dummier Austral. (see DUMMY v.); so land-dummying; † land-evil, (a) an epidemic; (b) ? the falling sickness, epilepsy; † landfang, holding-ground for an anchor; † land-fast, an attachment on the land for a vessel; † land-feather, a bay or inlet; † landfish, (a) ? fresh-water fish; (b) a fish that lives on land; hence, an unnatural creature; † land-frigate, a harlot, strumpet; land-fyrd OE. and Hist., the land force; † land-good [ad. Du. landgoed], a landed estate; land-hono(u)r (see HONOUR sb. 7); land-horse, the horse on the land-side of a plow; land-hunger, keen desire for the acquisition of land; hence land-hungry a.; land-ice, ice attached to the shore, as distinguished from floe; † land-ill, an epidemic (cf. land-evil); land-jobber, one who makes a business of buying and selling land on speculation; so land-jobbing; land-lead, a navigable opening in the ice along the shore; † land-leak, ? a leak produced in a vessel before starting on a voyage; land-looker U.S. (see quot.); † land-lurch v., to rob of land (see LURCH v.); † land-male, ‘a reserved rent charged upon a piece of land by the chief lord of the fee, or a subsequent mesne owner’ (Wright, Provinc. Dict., 1857); also attrib. land-male-book; † land-march, territory bordering on another country; land-marker, ‘a machine for laying out rows for planting’ (Knight, Dict. Mech., 1875); † land-mate (see quot.); † land-mead, a tract of meadow land; land-mistress = LANDLADY 1; † land-neck, an isthmus; † land-oath (see quot.); land-office U.S. and Colonial (see quot. 1855); land-packet U.S. (see quot.); land-passage, † (a) an isthmus; (b) passage by land; † land-peerage (see quot.); land-pirate, one who robs on land, a highwayman; † also, a literary pirate; land-plaster, ‘rock-gypsum ground to a powder for use as a fertilizer’ (Cent. Dict.); † land-pole, the pole or perch; land-presser, an apparatus for pressing down the soil; land-province, ‘a province of the land distinct from others in the assemblage of plants or animals which it contains, or in their distribution’ (Cassell, 1884); † land-raker (see foot-land-raker, s.v. FOOT sb. 35); land-reeve, -roll (see quots.); † land-rush, a landslip; land sale, (a) a sale of land; (b) applied attrib. to collieries that are worked on a small scale and from which coal is supplied only to the country round; pl. the coal so disposed of; land-score, Hist., a division of land [repr. OE. landscoru]; † land-scot, a tax on land formerly levied in some parishes for the maintenance of the church; land-scrip U.S., a negotiable certificate, issued by the U.S. government or by corporate bodies holding donations of land therefrom, entitling the holder to the possession of certain portions of public land (Webster, 1864); land-scurvy, scurvy occurring on land, as amongst inmates of workhouses, armies, etc.; land-sergeant (see quot. 1893); also, the steward of an estate; land-shark, (a) one who makes a livelihood by preying upon seamen when ashore; (b) rarely, a land-grabber; land-sick a., (a) sick for the sight of land; (b) Naut. (of a ship) impeded in its movements by being close to land; land-slide U.S. = LANDSLIP; also fig. (cf. avalanche); † land-speech, a language, tongue; † land-stall, a staith or landing-place; † land-stead a. Colonial, provided with landed property; land-steward, one who manages a landed estate for the owner; land-stone, a stone turned up in digging; land-stool, ? Sc. = land-stall; † land-strait, an isthmus; land-stream, a current in the sea due to river waters; † land-strife, strife with respect to land, agrarian contention; land-swarmer, app. a kind of rocket; land-swell, the roll of the water near the shore; land-thief, (a) one who robs on land or ashore; (b) a robber of land; land-tide Sc., ‘the undulating motion of the air, as perceived on a droughty day’ (Jam.); land-trash, broken ice near the shore; † land-turn, a land-breeze; land-valuer, one whose profession is to examine and declare the value of land or landed estates; land-waiter = landing-waiter (see LANDING vbl. sb.); land-war, (a) a war waged on land, opposed to a naval war; (b) a ‘war’ or contention with respect to land or landed property; land-warrant U.S. (see quot. 1858); land-wash, the wash of the tide near the shore; † land-water a., amphibious, nondescript; † land-wine [cf. Du. landwijn, G. landwein], wine of native or home growth; land-worthiness nonce-wd., fitness to travel over land; land-yard local (see quot. 1828).
1776. G. Semple, Building in Water, 7. It was composed of twenty Arches, nineteen Piers, and two *Land Abutments.
1868. M. Pattison, Academ. Org., iv. 110. The requirement that he should be experienced in *land-agency, may seem in itself not unreasonable.
1846. Cobden, Sp. (1870), I. 354. We know right well that their [landlords’] *land agents are their electioneering agents.
1805. Forsyth, Beauties Scotl., IV. 274. The bridge consists of ten arches, one of which is a *land-arch.
1603. Owen, Pembrokeshire, xvii. (1891), 135. The *lande batte or pole of Penbrokshire is in Kemes xij foote … Penbrokshire xj foote.
1853. Kane, Grinnell Exp., xlv. (1856), 420. When first the mass separates from the *land-berg or glacier.
1835. Sir J. Ross, Narr. 2nd Voy., iii. 41. The *landblink was now very perceptible; and in the evening we discerned the land itself.
1790. T. Jefferson, Writ. (ed. Ford), V. 229. If Great Britain establishes herself on our whole *land-board [i.e., along the Mississippi]. Ibid. (1796), in Pickering, Vocab. U.S. (1816), 170. The position and circumstances of the United States leave them nothing to fear on their land-board.
1589. Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, III. xix. (Arb.), 215. The *land-borne liues safe, the forreine at his ease.
1739. Labelye, Short Acc. Piers Westm. Bridge, 70. Each of the *Land Breasts are to spread about 25 Feet on each side of the Bridge.
1591. Sylvester, Du Bartas, I. iv. 160. We resemble *Land-bred Novices New brought aboord to venture on the Seas.
1596. Spenser, State Irel., Wks. (Globe), 627/2. Whatsoever relickes there were left of the land-bredd people.
1887. F. M. Crawford, Paul Patoff, I. viii. 273. Till one day the land-bred boaster puts to sea in a Channel steamer.
1604. Shaks., Oth., I. ii. 50. Faith, he to night hath boarded a *Land Carract.
1629. Davenant, Albovine, III. i. Grim. I must be furnish’d too. Cuny. With a Mistresse? Grim. Yes, inquire me out some old Land-Carack.
1881. Blackmore, Christowell, l (1885), 383. He turned upon his track at the head of Tavy cleeve, and making a correct *landcast this time, found his way to the fountains of the Taw.
a. 1661. Fuller, Worthies, Shropsh. (1662), II. 1. One may observe a threefold difference in our English-Coale. 1 Sea-coale … 2 *Land-coale, at Mendip, Bedworth, &c. and carted into other Counties. 3 What one may call River or Fresh-water-Coale.
1874. Stubbs, Const. Hist., I. v. 85. The historical township is the body of alodial owners who have advanced beyond the stage of *land-community.
1854. Lowell, Jrnl. in Italy, Prose Wks. 1890, I. 172. Nothing else but an American *land-company ever managed to induce settlers upon territory of such uninhabitable quality.
1807. Edin. Rev., X. 112. How comes it to pass that the American *land-cook is cunning enough to carry on his trick.
1880. Gentl. Mag., CCXLVI. 77. The successes and failures of Australian *land-dummiers. Ibid., 76. The fraudulent transaction known as *land-dummying.
a. 1225. Ancr. R., 360. Þet *lond vuel þat alle londes leien on, & liggeð ȝet monie.
c. 1440. Promp. Parv., 312/1. Lond ivyl, sekenesse (P. londe euyll), epilencia.
1557. Burrough, in Hakluyt (1886), III. 153. Where a ship may ride … in 4 fadome … of water, and haue *Landfange for a North and by West winde.
1703. W. Dampier, Voy., III. 36. There is not clean Ground enough for above 3 Ships … One even of these must lie close to the Shore, with a *Land-fast there.
c. 1582. Digges, in Archæologia, XI. 236. The south baye or *landfether of the great sluce.
1419. Liber Albus, 221 (Rolls), I. 376. Qui ducit *landfisshe post prandium, bene licet ei hospitari piscem suum, et in crastino ponere piscem suum in foro Domini Regis.
1606. Shaks., Tr. & Cr., III. iii. 264. Hee’s growne a very land-fish, languagelesse, a monster.
1611. L. Whitaker, in Coryat, Crudities, Introd. Verses. Here to this *Land-Friggat he’s ferried by Charon, He bords her; a seruice a hot and a rare one.
11[?]. O. E. Chron., an. 1001 (Laud MS.). Ne him to ne dorste scip here on sæ, ne *land-fyrd.
1874. Green, Short Hist., ii. § 4. 75. The Land-Fyrd, or general levy of fighting men.
1591. Horsey, Trav. (Hakl. Soc.), 246. Purchasing … howses and *landgoods upon which they did inhabite.
1671. Madox (title), Baronia Anglica, a History of *Land-Honours and Baronies, and of Feudal Tenure in capite.
a. 1848. Finlayson, in Chambers’s Inform., I. 486/2. The … most forward horse, should be put in the furrow, and only bound back to the right or off theet of the *land-horse.
1862. J. M. Ludlow, Hist. U.S., vi. 221. The *land-hunger of the South now outstripped even the ambition of conquest of Mr. Polk.
1889. C. de Kay, in Century Mag., Jan., 369/2. When the *land-hungry band of Welsh and Norman barons entered Ireland they found a shrine of St. Brigit at Kildare with a fire kept constantly burning.
1820. Scoresby, in Ann. Reg., II. 1324. *Land-ice consists of drift-ice attached to the shore; or drift-ice, which, by being covered with mud or gravel, appears to have recently been in contact with the shore; or the flat-ice, resting on the land, not having the appearance or elevation of ice-bergs.
1856. Kane, Arct. Expl., I. xxiii. 281. Crossing the land-ices by portage.
1873. J. Geikie, Gt. Ice Age (1894), 547. These boulders could not have been carried by land-ice.
c. 1500. Addic. Scot. Cron. (1819), 4. The *land Ill … was so violent þt þar deit ma þt yere than euir þar deit ouder in pestilens [etc.].
a. 1745. Swift, Direct. Servants, vii. 74. Let him be at Home to none but … a *Land-Jobber, or his Inventor of new Funds.
1876. Bancroft, Hist. U.S., IV. xv. 419. A physician, land-jobber, and subservient political intriguer.
1856. Kane, Arct. Expl., II. xxviii. 278. Here the *land-leads ceased, with the exception of some small and scarcely practicable openings near the shore.
1649. G. Daniel, Trinarch., Hen. V., xcii. What horror stops my Quill? ere yet aboard Wee see the Royall Fraught, a *Land-Leake Springs.
1891. R. A. Alger, in Voice (N. Y.), 15 Oct. What woodsmen call a *‘land-looker,’ i.e. a timber expert whose business it is to locate pine timber land in Michigan.
1602. Warner, Alb. Eng., IX. xlvi. 217. Hence countrie Loutes *land lurch their Lords.
1390–91. Durham Acc. Rolls (Surtees), 392. Pro *landmale, 9d. Ibid. (1416–7), 614. Pro ligatura cujusdam libri vocati le landmalebok, 16d. Ibid. (1429), 60. In layndmayle solut. sacristæ Dunelm., 91/2d.
1577. in Balfour, Oppressions in Orkn. & Shetl. (1859), 18. Ane dewitie thai pay to the Kingis Maiestie for thair scat and landmales zeirlie.
1665. Vestry Bks. (Surtees), 218. 15 August, Paid for Land Male, 1s. 9d.
1614. Selden, Titles Hon., 212. Many of the Imperial Marquisats … had their names from being *Land-marches of the State, and not from their maritime situation.
1670. Blount, Glossogr., *Land-mate, in Herefordshire he that in Harvest-time reaps on the same ridge of ground, or Land, with another, they call Landmates, that is fellow Laborers on the same land.
1577–87. Harrison, England, I. xviii. (1877), III. 132. Our medowes, are either bottomes … or else such as we call *land meads, and borrowed from the best and fattest pasturages.
1860. Gen. P. Thompson, Audi Alt., III. cxxxiv. 102. If our Welsh *land-mistress said, ‘Here are Martin and John making me fair offers for the farm’ [etc.].
1618. Bolton, Florus, II. xvi. (1636), 140. At the very entrance of the Isthmus or *Land-neck.
1672. Petty, Pol. Anat., xii. Tracts (1769), 364. Of all oaths they [the Irish] think themselves at much liberty to take a *land-oath, as they call it: Which is an oath to prove a forged deed, a possession, livery or seisin, payment of rent, &c. in order to recover for their countrymen the lands which they forfeited.
1790. A. Hamilton, Wks. (1886), VII. 48. It seems requisite that the general *land-office should be established at the seat of government.
1855. Ogilvie, Suppl., Land-office, in most colonies there are land-offices, in which the sales of new land are registered, and warrants issued for the location of land, and other business respecting unsettled land is transacted.
1882. Rep. to Ho. Repr. Prec. Met. U.S., 153. It is owned by the Union Mill and Mining Company, which once did a land-office business in ore crushing.
1847. W. T. Porter, Quarter Race, 115. Known as the Captain of a *‘land-packet’—in plain terms, the driver of an ox-team.
1601. Holland, Pliny, I. 78. Another *land passage or Isthmus there is of like streightness … and of equall breadth with that of Corinth.
1642. Declar. Chas. I. to Parlt., in Rushw., Hist. Coll., III. (1692), I. 602. He hath … cut the Banks, and let in the Waters to drown the Land-passages, and to make the Town inaccessable by that way.
a. 1677. Hale, Prim. Orig. Man., II. vii. 190. There is no Land-passage from this Elder World unto that of America.
1741. T. Robinson, Gavelkind, II. viii. 273. A Custom … is set up at present in most Manors of … the … Weald under the Name of *Landpeerage; whereby the Owners of the Lands, on each side the Highways, claim to exclude the Lord from the Property of the Soil of the Way, and of the Trees growing thereon.
1609. Dekker, Lanth. & Candle-lt., viii. Wks. (Grosart), III. 262. The Cabbines where these *Land-pyrates lodge in the night, are the Out-barnes of Farmers.
c. 1670. in T. Brooks, Wks. (1867), VI. 388. Some, dishonest booksellers, called land-pirates, who make it their practice to steal impressions of other men’s copies.
a. 1700. B. E., Dict. Cant. Crew, Land-pirates, Highwaymen or any other Robbers.
1890. ‘R. Boldrewood,’ Miner’s Right (1899), 148/1. A bloody murdering land-pirate that ought to be hung at the yard-arm.
1603. Owen, Pembrokesh., xvi. (1891), 133. The vsuall measure of land vsed in this shire much differeth from the statute acre, for yt differeth all together in summinge vp, as allso in the *land pole.
1834. Penny Cycl., II. 224/2. In such soils an artificial pan may be formed by the *land-presser or press-drill.
1842. Brande, Dict. Sci., etc., *Land-reeve, a subordinate officer on an extensive estate, who acts as an assistant to the land steward.
1858. Simmonds, Dict. Trade, *Land-roll, a clod-crusher and seam-presser.
1549. Compl. Scot., vi. 39. Mony hurlis of stannirs & stanis that tumlit doune vitht the *land rusche.
1708. J. C., Compl. Collier (1845), 47. *Land-Sale Collieries.
1848. Simmond’s Colonial Mag., May, 63. The whole sum realised by land sales.
1860. Eng. & For. Mining Gloss., Newcastle Terms, Landsale, coals sold to the country in the neighbourhood of the pit.
1886. J. Boyd, Berwick Gleanings, 2. His father and grandfather before him, had … held a small ‘landsale’ colliery near their home at Cherryburn.
1828. N. Carlisle, Acc. Charities, 295. Anciently the greatest part of the Country lay in common, only some parcels about the villages being inclosed, and a small quantity in *Land-Scores allotted out for tillage.
1617. in G. W. Hill & W. H. Frere, Mem. Stepney Parish (1891), 77. There shalbe a generall *Landskot and assessemt made of all the inhabitants of the parish … toward the necessarie repayre of the Church.
1875. Parish, Sussex Gloss., Lanscot or Landscote.
1783. Ipswich Jrnl., 13 Sept., 1/4. Advt., Maredant’s Antiscorbutic Drops, being a certain cure for sea and *land scurvy, pimpled faces, [etc.].
1789. W. Buchan, Dom. Med. (1790), 397. Harrowgate-water is certainly an excellent medicine in the land scurvy.
1891. C. Creighton, Hist. Epidemics, 605, note. At one time land-scurvy was detected (under the influence of theory) in many forms.
a. 1775. Hobie Noble, ix. in Child, Ballads (1890), IV. 2/2. I dare not with you into England ride, The *land-sergeant has me at feid.
1893. Northumbld. Gloss., Land-serjeant, one of the officers of the Border watch, under the Warden of the March.
1894. R. S. Ferguson, Hist. Westmorland, 197. The steward or land-sergeant of their barony or manor.
1769. Wesley, Jrnl., 30 March. Let all beware of these *land-sharks.
1815. Scott, Guy M., xxxiv. Lieutenant Brown … told him some goose’s gazette about his being taken in a skirmish with the landsharks.
1857. Kingsley, Two Y. Ago, iv. Can’t trust these landsharks; they’ll plunder even the rings off a corpse’s fingers. They think every wreck a godsend.
1846. H. Melville, Typee, i. heading, A *land-sick ship.
1856. Emerson, Eng. Traits, iv. 65. Slain by a *land-slide, like the agricultural King Onund.
1870. Lowell, Study Wind., 240. The Roman road, which linked them with the only past they knew, had been buried under the great barbarian land-slide.
1870. R. Anderson, Missions Amer. Board, II. xxxiv. 308. A terrible landslide occurred, an eruption of mud, earth, and rocks.
1872. Weekly Oregon Statesman, 1 May, 1/9. The landslide of Irish votes from the Democracy to the Republicans in Hartford and New Haven.
1895. N. Brooks, in Century Mag., March, 734/1. There was then a great landslide of votes for McClellan.
c. 1250. Gen. & Ex., 669. Sexti *lond-speches and .xii. mo, weren delt ðane in werlde ðo.
1739. N. Riding Rec., VIII. 227. Money laid out in repairing the *land stall leading to Burn and Masham Bridges.
1688. New Jersey Archives (1881), II. 31. There is a gushet of about 2000 acres … which I design to take vp for you, being good land; so I think by farr you will be the best *land-stead of any concerned in the province. Ibid. (c. 1701), II. 34. He says I was in 1688, the best Land-stead of any concern’d in the Province.
1535. Stewart, Cron. Scot., II. 679. His *land-stewart in the tyme he maid Ouir all Scotland.
1701. Steele, Funeral, V. i. (1702), 72. He is not now with his Land-steward.
1899. Crockett, Kit Kennedy, xiv. 100. ‘My lord,’ answered the land steward, meekly, ‘were it a thing’ [etc.].
1796. Capt. Haig, Diary, in J. Russell, Haigs (1881), 482. Many *land stones, some whin ones, but mostly all fine quarried stones.
1813. R. Kerr, Agric. Berw., 35. In all free soils, numerous stones, provincially termed land-stones, are found.
1886. Cheshire Gloss., Land stones, the name given … to the pebbles and boulders turned up in digging and draining.
1873. W. McDowall, Hist. Dumfries, l. 584. The pier or *landstool was commenced.
1601. R. Johnson, Kingd. & Commw. (1603), 11. Peruana is … enuironed on al sides with the sea, saue wheras the forsaid *Land-streight doth ioyn the same to Mexicana.
1625. Bp. Mountagu, App. Cæsar., II. v. 158. In a Foreland or Landstreight where two Seas meet.
1868. Swinburne, Poems & Ballads (ed. 3), 73. The *land-stream and the tide-stream in the sea.
1553. Grimalde, Cicero’s Offices, II. (1558), 109. Did not *land striues bring them to distruction?
1799. G. Smith, Laboratory, I. 10. Charge for *land swarmers, or small rockets.
1812. J. Wilson, Isle of Palms, IV. 552. As her gilded prow is dancing Through the *landswell.
1596. Shaks., Merch. V., I. iii. 24. There be land rats, and water rats, water theeues, and *land theeues.
1865. Kingsley, Herew., I. x. 229. I am Hereward the Berserker, the land-thief, the sea-thief.
1894. H. Spencer, in Westm. Gaz., 29 Aug., 8/2. The stronger peoples have been land-thieves from the beginning, and have remained land-thieves down to the present hour.
1818. Edin. Mag., Oct., 328/2. Whar the dew neer scanc’t, nor the *landtide danc’t Nor rain had ever fawn.
1856. Kane, Arct. Expl., I. xxvi. 341. The *land-trash is cemented by young ice.
1676. Coles, *Land-turn, the same from off the land by night, as a Brieze is off the Sea by day.
1844. Cobden, Sp. (1870), I. 127. They are all auctioneers and *land-valuers.
1711. Swift, Examiner, No. 28, ¶ 4. Give a Guinea to a Knavish *Land-Waiter, and he shall connive at the Merchant for cheating the Queen of an Hundred.
1809. R. Langford, Introd. Trade, 132. Land waiter or searcher, a Custom-House officer who enters goods imported.
1714. Q. Anne, in Lond. Gaz., No. 5204/2. They are Delivered from a consuming *Land-War.
1870. Emerson, Soc. & Solit., x. 204. Who, sitting in his closet, can lay out the plans of a campaign,—sea-war and land-war.
1873. J. Godkin (title), The Land-War in Ireland.
1787. T. Jefferson, Writ. (1859), II. 334. Sharpers had duped so many with their unlocated *land-warrants.
1858. Simmonds, Dict. Trade, Land-warrant, a title to a lot of public land; an American security or official document for entering or settling upon government land, much dealt in among jobbers.
1557. W. Towrson, in Hakluyt, Voy. (1589), 114. The *land wash went so sore, that it overthrew his boate, and one of the men was drowned.
1891. Blizzard of 1891, ii. 26. Breakers fell with great force close to the landwash and over the promenade.
1721. De Foe, Moll Flanders (ed. 3), 58. This amphibious Creature, this *Land-water-thing, call’d, a Gentleman-Tradesman.
1390–1. Earl Derby’s Exped. (Camden), 47. Lautre barell continente xxix stopas de *lande-wyn.
1573. Baret, Alv., L 80. Land wine, or of our owne countrie growing, vinum indigena.
1782. Pownall, Antiq., 140. The … state … of the *land-worker.
1827. G. Higgins, Celtic Druids, 192. When the borders of Europe began to be settled and cultivated by the land-workers.
1794–1811. Ld. Ellenborough, in Espinasse, Rep., III. 259. He would expect a clear *landworthiness in the carriage itself to be established.
1828. N. Carlisle, Acc. Charities, 295. Two staves or 18 feet, in … Cornwall, are a *Land Yard, and 160 Land Yards are an English acre.
1869. Blackmore, Lorna D., xii. I could smell supper, when hungry, through a hundred landyards of bog.
