Forms: 5 iurnalle, 5–7 iornall, 6–7 iournal(l, -el(l, 7 journall, (giornal), 7– journal. [a. OF. jur-, jor-, journal, -el daily (livre, registre, papier journal a day-book); as sb. a day, a day’s work (so in AF.); a measure of land, a breviary, etc. (= Sp., Pg. jornal, It. giornale):—late L. diurnāl-em of or belonging to a day, DIURNAL.]
† A. adj. Obs.
1. Performed, happening or recurring every day; daily, diurnal.
1590. Spenser, F. Q., I. xi. 31. Phœbus … his faint steedes watred in Ocean deepe, Whiles from their iournall labours they did rest.
1611. Shaks., Cymb., IV. ii. 10. So please you, leaue me, Sticke to your Iournall course.
1637. Bastwick, Litany, II. 3. This is their journall practice.
1658. R. White, trans. Digby’s Powd. Symp. (1660), 144. To see a hand … mark the journall houres … upon the flat of a quadrant.
2. Of or belonging to one day, restricted to the day; ephemeral. rare.
1685. Gracian’s Courtier’s Orac., 72. There are some who dayly differ from themselves. Their understanding is even journal, and much more their will and conduct.
B. sb. I. A book or record.
† 1. Eccl. A service-book containing the day-hours: = DIURNAL sb. 1. Obs.
1355–6. Durham Acc. Rolls (Surtees), 121. Ad repar. unius Jurnal.
c. 1440. Promp. Parv., 268/1. Iurnalle, lytylle boke, diurnale.
1454. Test. Ebor. (Surtees), cxlii. Also I wyte to ye said Thomas my jornenall that I bere in my slefe dayly.
1549. Act 3 & 4 Edw. VI., c. 10 § 1. All Books called … Couchers, Journals, Ordinals … shall be … abolished.
† 2. a. A book containing notices concerning the daily stages of a route and other information for travellers; = ITINERARY. (Cf. JOURNEY sb. 2, 3.)
1552. Huloet, Itinerary booke wherein is wrytten the dystaunce from place to place, or wherin thexpenses in iourney be written, or called other wyse a journall, hodœporicum.
1613. Purchas, Pilgrimage, II. x. § 2. It is written in an auncient Iournall of Burdeaux [marg. Itinerarium Burdigal.] that not farre from the Images there is a stone.
† b. A record of travel: = ITINERARY sb. 2. (Now only as in 4 a and c.)
1600. J. Pory, trans. Leo’s Africa, To Rdr. A iij. It is … nothing else but a large Itinerarium or Iournal of his African voiages.
1700. Lawson (title), Journal of a thousand Miles Travel among the Indians.
1783. Franklin, in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden), 425. Containing the Journal of the first Aerial Voyage perform’d by Men.
attrib. 1792. A. Young, Trav. France, 1. The journal form hath the advantage of carrying with it a greater degree of credibility; and, of course, more weight.
3. A daily record of commercial transactions, entered as they occur, in order to the keeping of accounts. a. In a general sense = DAY-BOOK. b. In Book-keeping by Double Entry, A book in which each transaction is entered, in systematic form, with statement of the accounts to which it is to be debited and credited, so as to ensure correct posting in the ledger. These entries are either made at first-hand, or are ‘journalized’ from a waste-book or day-book, in which they have been entered as they occur, without consideration of the special accounts concerned.
Thus the waste-book entry, ‘John Smith paid his acct of £100 due 3 months hence less discount at 5%—£98 15s. od.,’ would be entered in the journal as ‘Dr. Cash £98 15s., P. & L. Discount £1 5s.; Cr. John Smith £100.’
1540. Househ. Ord. (1790), 228. The said Cofferer shall yearly within one moneth after the expirement of every yeare, make a stett in his booke called the Journall, for entring any Debentures or other Payments into the same.
1588. J. Mellis, Briefe Instruct., B viij b. The parcels of the Journall ought to bee written … in shorter sentence, without superfluous words, than be the parcels in ye Inuentory or Memorial.
1611. Florio, Giornale, a iournall or day-booke, such as Shop-keepers vse.
1622. Malynes, Anc. Law-Merch., 363. The Iournall he [the Spaniard] calleth Manuall,… and vnto this they keepe a Borrador or Memorial, wherein all things are first entred, and may vpon occasion be blotted, altered, or (by error) be miscast, or not well entred.
1760. Johnson, Idler, No. 95, ¶ 9. He made two mistakes in the first bill, ., and dated all his entries in the journal in a wrong month.
1836. Penny Cycl., V. 164/2. He … posts to their credit the several sums which he finds in the journal, carefully stating in his ledger the page in the journal where the entry came from, and in the journal the folio of the ledger where the entry is gone to.
1882. Bithell, Counting-Ho. Dict., 162. The journal is … one of the principal books, in contradistinction to those which are auxiliary or accessory.
4. A daily record of events or occurrences kept for private or official use. a. A record of events or matters of personal interest kept by any one for his own use, in which entries are made day by day, or as the events occur. (In quots. 1670, 1781, a single day’s record.) Now usually implying something more elaborate than a diary.
1610. Holland, Camden’s Brit., I. 18. Cæsar hath in his Iournels or Day-books [in ephemeridibus] written [etc.].
1670. Dryden, 1st Pt. Conq. Granada, III. i. Good heaven, thy book of fate before me lay, But to tear out the journal of this day.
1781. Cowper, Conversat., 276. An extract of his diary—no more, A tasteless journal of the day before.
1825. Scott, Jrnl., 20 Nov. I have all my life regretted that I did not keep a regular Journal.
1855. Macaulay, Jrnl., 10 Jan. I am getting out of the habit of keeping my journal.
b. A register of daily transactions kept by a public body or an association; spec. in pl. Journals, the record of the daily proceedings in one or other of the Houses of Parliament, kept by the Clerk of the House.
1647. Clarendon, Hist. Reb., I. § 7. Having carefully perused the Journals of both Houses.
1769. Burke, Late St. Nat., Wks. II. 51. We find by an account of the Journals of the house of commons in the following session, that [etc.].
1775. J. Adams, in Fam. Lett. (1876), 127. I hope the Journal of the Session will be published soon.
1817. Parl. Deb., 374. The Speaker’s Reprimand was ordered to be entered on the Journals.
c. Naut. A daily register of the ship’s course, the distance traversed, the winds and weather, etc.; a log or log-book.
1671. R. Bohun, Wind, 77. What I could not … collect from many reviews of our Seamens Journals.
1706. Phillips, Journal … in Navigation, a Book in which a particular Account is kept of the Ship’s Way, the Changes of the Wind, and other remarkable Occurrences.
1769. Falconer, Dict. Marine (1789), Y b, In all sea-journals, the day … terminates at noon.
1867. Smyth, Sailor’s Word-bk., Journal, synonymous at sea with log-book.
d. Mining. A record of the strata passed through in drilling a bore-hole or sinking a shaft.
† 5. A record of public events or of a series of public transactions, noted down as they occur day by day or at successive dates, without historical discussion. Also in pl. Obs.
1565. Cooper, Thesaurus, s.v. Commentarius, Diurni commentarij, a iournall, conteynyng thynges for euery daye.
1617. Moryson, Itin., II. 84. That his Lordship purposed to imploy me in the writing of the History or Journall of Irish affaires.
1651. N. Bacon, Disc. Govt. Eng., II. xxviii. (1739), 130. Nor [are] they good Historians, that will tell you the bare Journal of Action, without the Series of Occasion.
1687. Rycaut, Contn. Knolles’ Hist. Turks, II. 95. Memoirs, Giornals, or Historical Observations of their Times.
6. A daily newspaper or other publication; hence, by extension, Any periodical publication containing news or dealing with matters of current interest in any particular sphere. Now often called specifically a public journal.
1728. Pope, Dunc., I. 42. Hence Journals, Medleys, Merc’ries, Magazines.
1785. Crabbe, Newspaper, 170. Our weekly journals o’er the land abound.
1791–1823. D’Israeli, Cur. Lit., Lit. Jrnls. The Monthly Review, the venerable (now the deceased) mother of our journals, commenced in 1749.
1800. Med. Jrnl., III. 107. To the Editors of the Medical and Physical Journal. Ibid. To merit insertion in your very useful Journal.
1865. Sat. Rev., 7 Jan., 15/2. The opinion of this journal has been already more than once expressed on the subject.
1890. Spectator, 21 June, 875/1. The personalities and weedy gossip of the Society journals.
II. Other senses.
† 7. A day’s travel; a journey. Obs.
1617. Moryson, Itin., II. 272. The Lord Deputy … in his journall towards Cilkenny Knighted three Irish men.
1633. B. Jonson, Underwoods, xciii. Now sun looke, And … tell In all thy age of journals thou hast tooke, Saw thou that paire became these rites so well?
† 8. Provision for a journey. (In quot., the viaticum.) Obs.
1629. R. Hill, Pathw. Piety, Communic. Instr., 35. If any departed without receiuing this journall, he was not to be interred in Christian Buriall.
9. As much land as can be plowed in a day. Properly the Fr. word journal, a land-measure varying in different departments.
1656. Blount, Glossogr., Journal,… as much land as a Team of Oxen can plough up in one day.
1792. A. Young, Trav. France, 305. From Calais to Bolougne and Montreuil the good land lets at 24 liv. the journal or arpent of Paris.
1882. F. P. Verney, in Contemp. Rev., Jan., 13. The hiring price of land was from 45 to 50 francs a journal for the best.
10. in Machinery. The part of a shaft or axle that rests on the bearings. (Sometimes erroneously identified with ‘bearing.’)
Originally used in a more restricted application: ‘It was proposed by Buchanan, in his Treatise on Millwork, to apply the word gudgeon only to the bearing part at the end of a shaft or axle, which is exposed to bending action alone, and not to twisting action; and journal to an intermediate bearing part through which a twisting moment is or may be exerted; the custom of using the word journal in both senses indiscriminately is so prevalent, that it is impracticable to carry out Buchanan’s suggestion.’ (Rankine, Machinery & Millwork (1869), III. iii. iii. § 460.) [Journal or journey in this sense appears to have arisen in the Scotch workshops. No explanation of its origin has been found.]
1814. R. Buchanan, Shafts of Mills, 24, note. Journals, or journeys, are gudgeons subject to torsion. Ibid. (1823), Millwork, 145. In the case of the small pinion … a much greater stress would be thrown on the journeys (or journals) of the shaft.
1848. Craig, Journal, in Mechanics, that portion of a shaft which revolves on a support situated between the power applied and the resistance.
1851. Illustr. Catal. Gt. Exhib., 247. The lower chamber of the axle-box, which contains the journal and bearing, is cast in one piece.
1860. C. D. Abel, Constr. Machin., 75. The bearing or journal b should always be placed as near as possible to the gearing. Ibid., 78. For upright shafts the diameter of the bottom journal, which has to carry the weight of the shaft and gearing, should be determined by the amount of pressure [etc.].
1881. Design & Work, 24 Dec., 449/2. Those parts of a shaft which revolve or work in these blocks are known indifferently as necks, bearings, gudgeons, and journals.
1894. S. A. Staunton, in Harper’s Mag., April, 662/1. The oilers moved here and there, filling cups, and feeling and examining every journal, rod, and crank.
III. 11. Comb. a. General combinations, as journal-wise adv. (adj.).
1741. Richardson, Pamela (1824), I. 54. Having written it [the account] journal-wise, to amuse and employ her time. Ibid. (1742), III. 415. At last I end my Journal-wise Letters as I may call them.
1839. R. M. M‘Cheyne, in Mem., iv. (1872), 104. I would have written journalwise.
b. Special combinations: in sense 3 (Book-keeping), journal-entry, a formal entry in the journal; in sense 10: journal-bearing, the support of a shaft or axle; journal-box, the box or structure enclosing the journal and its bearings; journal-brass, a journal-bearing of brass, also of white metal, etc.; journal-packing, any mass of fibrous material saturated with oil or grease, and inserted in a journal-box to lubricate the journal.
1875. Knight, Dict. Mech., 1219/2. The circular system of anti-friction wheels for a *journal-bearing is described in Tate’s English patent, 1802. Ibid., A journal-bearing for a vertical shaft with journal box, in one piece.
1864. Webster, *Journal-box.
1874. Raymond, Statist. Mines & Mining, 497. Each journal-box of the friction rollers is held in position by adjusting-screws, by which it can be moved horizontally to or from the center line of the machine.
1888. H. Morton, in Scribner’s Mag., 183/1. The other end is supported in a journal-box out of view on the other side of the machine.
1836. Penny Cycl., V. 165/2. If … the *journal entries already given are properly posted into a ledger.
