Annual

a. and sb.; also 4–7 annuel(l. [a. OFr. annuel, ad. later L. annuāl-em (= cl. annāl-em); refashioned after the L. c. 1500.]

  A.  adj.

  1.  Of or belonging to the year; reckoned, payable or engaged by the year; yearly.

1382.  Wyclif, Ecclus. xxxvii. 14. The annuel werker [1388 A werk man hirid bi the ȝear].

a. 1420.  Occleve, Male Regle, 51. Thy rentes annuel.

1602.  Shaks., Ham., II. ii. 73. Giues him three thousand Crownes in Annuall Fee.

1769.  Burke, Pres. St. Nat., Wks. II. 73. That trade … is not of less annual value … than 400,000l.

1852.  McCulloch, Taxation, III. iii. 470. At an annual charge to the public of 30,174,364l.

  b.  Pertaining to a year’s events: as annual stories, histories (obs.), i.e., yearly chronicles, annals; annual register.

1502.  Arnold, Chron. (1811), 140. Titoleuoo that hath breuied all y^e annuell storys of Rome.

1650.  R. Stapylton, Strada’s Low-C. Wars, I. 14. Inferiour princes, whose continued obsequies filled the Annual Register.

1789.  (title) The New Annual Register, or General Repository of History, Politics and Literature for the year 1788.

1861.  (title) The Annual Retrospect of Engineering and Architecture.

  2.  Performed or recurring once every year; yearly.

1548.  Udall, etc., Erasm. Par. Hebr. xi. 28 (R.). Y^e annual vse or ceremonie to eate the Paschall Lambe.

1667.  Milton, P. L., VII. 431. So stears the prudent crane Her annual Voiage.

1714.  Addison, Spect., No. 579, ¶ 7. Come up to the Temple with their annual Offerings.

1827.  Keble, Chr. Year, S. bef. Adv. ii. The Church our annual steps has brought.

Mod.  The Annual Meeting of the association.

  b.  Annual equation of the sun and moon: the determination of the difference between the theoretical and actual position of those bodies, due to the irregular orbital motions of the earth and moon.

1727–51.  Chambers, Cycl., s.v., The annual equation of the mean notion of the sun depends upon the eocentricity of the earth’s orbit…. The greatest annual equation of the moon’s mean motion is 11′, 40″, of its apogee 20′, and of its node 9′, 30″.

1849.  Mrs. Somerville, Connex. Phys. Sc., v. 41. The Annual Equation [of the moon] depends on the sun’s distance from the earth; it arises from the moon’s motion being accelerated when that of the earth is retarded.

  3.  Repeated every year and occupying the whole year.

1635.  N. Carpenter, Geog. Del., I. v. 112. The sunne, which is carried round about the earth in an Annual circuit.

1714.  Grove, Spect., No. 588, ¶ 1. No more than the diurnal Rotation of the Earth is opposed to its Annual.

1879.  Froude, Cæsar, xxv. 425. The annual course of the sun was completed in 365 days and six hours.

  4.  Existing or lasting for a year only; changed each year.

  a.  of an office or officer. Annual priests; see B 1.

1382.  Pol. Poems (1859), I. 267. That frers shal annuel prestes bycome.

1460.  Capgrave, Chron., 228. To paye this summe the annual prestis were compelled.

1659.  Milton, Lett., in Wks. 1738, I. 583. Whether the Civil Government be an annual Democracy or a perpetual Aristocracy.

1834.  Penny Cycl., II. 286/1. The annual archons … to the time of Solon, were taken from the eupatridæ.

1877.  Stubbs, Const. Hist., II. xvi. 433. The commons pray that there may be annual parliaments.

  b.  of a plant.

a. 1626.  Bacon, Wks. (1864), IV. 370 (J.). The dying in the winter of the roots of plants that are annual, seemeth to be partly caused by the over-expence of the sap into stalk and leaves.

1706.  Phillips, Annual Leaves are such as come up in the Spring, and perish in the Winter.

1720.  Swift, To Stella, Wks. 1755, III. II. 185. Grafting on an annual stock That must our expectation mock.

1857.  Henfrey, Elem. Bot., § 47. When a bulb flowers from its terminal bud, in its first season of growth, it is annual.

  B.  sb.

  1.  R. C. Ch. A mass said either daily for a year after, or yearly on the anniversary of, a person’s death; also, the payment made for it.

1382.  Pol. Poems (1859), I. 267. Suche annuels has made thes frers so wely and so gay.

1496.  Dives & Paup. (W. de W.), VII. xxii. 310. Ye may for xx shellynges do synge a quarter of an annuell.

1502.  Arnold, Chron., 274. They cause masses to be songe or other annual or trental.

1646.  J. Row, Hist. Kirk (1842), 34. The annuells, obits, and altarages within burghs.

1753.  Chambers, Cycl. Supp., Annual is used in ecclesiastical writers to denote a yearly office, said for the soul of a person deceased on the day of his obit or anniversary.

  2.  An annual or yearly payment, tribute, allowance, etc. Obs. exc. in Sc. Law, where annual = quit-rent, ground-rent. Hence annual of annual = quit-rent of a quit-rent, or smallest possible return.

1622.  Bacon, Henry VII., 110–1. Fiue and twentie thousand Crownes yearely…. For which Annuall, [etc.].

1637.  Rutherford, Lett., 119 (1862), I. 297. Had I but the annual of annual to give to my Lord Jesus, it would ease my pain.

1768.  Chesterf., Lett., 321. IV. 266. I will send your annual to Mr. Larpent … and pay the forty shillings a day quarterly.

1866.  Bell, Conveyanc. (1882), II. 1155. The ground-annual is a right of very early origin.

  3.  Anything that lasts only for a year.

1738.  Swift, Polite Convers., in Misc. (1748), IX. 134 (R.). Oaths are the Children of Fashion; they are in some Sense almost Annuals.

  b.  esp. An annual plant; one that lives only for a year (perpetuating itself by seed, so that there is an annual succession of new plants).

1726.  De Foe, Hist. Devil, II. iv. (1840), 212. Like an annual in a garden, which must be raised anew every season.

a. 1745.  Swift, Apol. T. of Tub (ed. 13) p. x. (Jod.). They are indeed like annuals that grow about a young tree, and seem to vie with it for a summer.

1866.  Treas. Bot., 966/1. Mignonette … is usually treated as an annual.

  4.  A book of which successive numbers are published once a year, usually at the same date; esp. one that conveys information for the year, or reviews the events of the past year; a year-book.

1689.  Answ. Two Papers, 37. Renowned in all the Histories of Europe, as well as in our Annuals.

1825.  J. Wilson, in Page, De Quincey, I. xii. 270. The volume … if an annual … can yield you fifty guineas.

1840.  (title) Peter Parley’s Annual.

1859.  T. Lewin, Invas. Brit., 37. The rule laid down for the guidance of mariners in the annual referred to [Admiralty Tidal Tables].