THOMAS CHALMERS, one of the greatest theologians Scotland has produced, was born at East Anstruther, March 17th, 1780. From 1823 to 1828 he was professor of Moral Philosophy at St. Andrew’s, and of Divinity at Edinburgh from 1828 to 1843. The quality of his intellect is well illustrated in his celebrated essay, “On Cruelty to Animals.” He is continually astonished at what others accept without question as the merest commonplace. A workman in the fish market, packing live crabs on ice for shipment, places them in rows as regular as those of a chessboard—this in spite of their protests and in complete unconsciousness of their feelings. Such a spectacle, which no one else might have thought remarkable, might have kept Chalmers wondering for a year—first at the unconscious sense of order, and finally at the apathy it illustrates. The world he lived in had been a Paradise, but “a breath from the air of Pandemonium” had gone over it; and considered from either standpoint it seemed miraculous to him. The study of his writings is helpful to readers of Carlyle, who in the Scotch traits of his intellect shows marked resemblances to Chalmers. In astronomy and political economy, as well as in theology, Chalmers published notable and influential works, some of which appeared in the “Bridgewater Treatises.” He died May 31st, 1847.