v. Forms: α. 4 endeure, 5 enduer, 4– endure; β. (5 induyr), 5–8 indure. [a. OF. endure-r to make hard, to endure, = Pr. endurar, It. indurare:—L. indūrāre, f. in (see IN-) + dūrāre to harden, to endure, f. dūr-us hard.]
† I. 1. To indurate, harden. Hence fig. to make callous or indifferent. Also, in good sense, to make sturdy or robust, to strengthen. Obs.
α. 1382. Wyclif, Acts xix. 9. Summe weren endurid, or maad hard.
1407. Exam. W. Thorpe, in Arb., Garner, VI. 58. O thine heart is full hard, endured as was the heart of Pharoah.
1483. Caxton, Gold. Leg., 128/3. And she endured and enformed all the other in prayer.
15[?]. New Not-broune Mayd, Passion Cryste, 388, in Hazl., E. P. P., III. 16. So endured With synne and vyce is he.
1596. Spenser, F. Q., IV. viii. 27. And manly limbs endur’d with litle care Against all hard mishaps and fortunelesse misfare.
β. 1578–1600. Sc. Poems 16th C., II. 183. Priests, curse no more, And not your heartes indure.
1588. A. King, trans. Canisius’ Catech., 146. That suithlie, quhilk maks the mynde of man stubbornlie indured agains gud admonition.
II. To last; to suffer continuously.
2. intr. To last, continue in existence. Also, to persist, ‘hold out’ in any action, etc. † Formerly also, to continue in a certain state or condition, remain in a certain place (with complement expressing the state or place).
α. c. 1386. Chaucer, Man Law’s T., 655. In the castel noon so hardy was That eny while dorste therin endure.
c. 1400. Maundev., v. (1839), 47. Who so stopped that watre from hem, thei myghte not endure there.
c. 1400. Sowdone Bab., 1220. Thou maiste not longe endure.
c. 1430. Lydg., Chorle & Byrde (1818), 14. A wrecche never lyke to thryve But for tendure in poverte all my live.
1477. Earl Rivers (Caxton), Dictes, 10 b. His lordship and power in this worlde may not long endure.
a. 1555. Latimer, Serm. & Rem. (1845), 33. So this great king endured a leper all the days of his life.
1607. Topsell, Serpents (1653), 613. Snakes and Adders … will not endure neer those places where they hear their voice.
1664. Evelyn, Kal. Hort. (1729), 218. Myrtles will endure abroad near a month longer.
1711. Col. Rec. Pennsylv., II. 558. A free and open trade with us whilst the Sun endures.
1814. Southey, in Q. Rev., XII. 65. Such corruptions endure only for a season.
1845. Sarah Austin, trans. Ranke’s Hist. Ref., II. 407. But such a relation was too wide a departure from the ordinary nature and course of human affairs to endure long.
1878. Browning, La Saisiaz, 35. Take the hope therein away, All we have to do is surely not endure another day.
β. c. 1450. Merlin, ii. 24. Thus it indured longe tyme.
c. 1460. Towneley Myst., Processus Noe, 24. It shalle begyn fulle sone to rayn uncessantle … and induyr dayes fourty.
1542. Boorde, Dyetary, xxviii. (1870), 291. As long as the Agew doth indure.
1596. Bell, Surv. Popery, I. I. ii. 5. The floud indured one whole yeare.
1616. Surfl. & Markh., Countrey Farme, 407. If you vvash them in salt brine, you shall make them vvhite, and to indure long.
1676–7. Marvell, Corr., Wks. 1872–5, II. 524. The debate upon the Nine-pences … indured the whole day.
1743. Lond. & Country Brewer, II. (ed. 2), 147. Neither Fermentation, nor Age, can ever disunite or separate such its ill Properties, while the Drink indures.
† b. To keep up with. Obs. rare.
1588. R. Parke, trans. Mendoza’s Hist. China, 180. Men … did trauaile with the same [burdens] with so great ease and swiftnes, that the horse could not indure with them.
† c. To be continued through space; to extend from one point to another. Obs. rare.
1523. Ld. Berners, Froiss., I. cccxxxvii. (1812), 527. Highe wodes and forestes, that endured to the cyte of Constances. Ibid. (c. 1530), Arth. Lyt. Bryt. (1814), 303. Thei [woundes] began at his shouldres and endured downe to his thyghes.
1588. R. Parke, trans. Mendoza’s Hist. China, 229. These Ilands endured vntill they came vnto a little gulfe. Ibid., 328. Many townes of Indians of this nation, the which indured twelue dayes iourney.
† d. quasi-trans. with out: To last out, persist during the continuance of (an event or action).
1636. E. Dacres, trans. Machiavel’s Disc. Livy, I. 133. They would sooner accept of the Kings, than endure out the warre.
3. trans. To undergo, bear, sustain (continuous pain, opposition, hardship or annoyance); properly, to undergo without succumbing or giving way. Also absol.
α. c. 1325. E. E. Allit. P., A. 475. What more-hond moȝte he a-cheue Þat hade endured in worlde stronge.
a. 1340. Hampole, Pr. Consc., 6865. For-why na whitt of man may endure To se a devel in his propre figure.
1570–6. Lambarde, Peramb. Kent (1826), 145. One sort founde him more than a Pope, the other felt him more than a King, and they both endured him an intollerable tyrant.
1667. Milton, P. L., II. 206. To endure Exile, or ignominy, or bonds, or pain.
1795. Southey, Joan of Arc, V. 380. He can brave his cruelty, And triumph by enduring.
1876. Green, Short Hist., ii. § 8 (1882), 101. Such anarchy as England had endured under Stephen.
β. 1594. H. Willobie, in Shaks. C. Praise, 7. To indure the burning heate of so fervent a humour.
1671. [R. MacWard], True Non-conf., 169. Your N. C. must indeed be very simple, that he could indure such imposing.
1711. Shaftesb., Charac. (1737), II. 383. See how you can indure the Prospect.
1782. Priestley, Corrupt. Chr., I. II. 238. These writers had no idea of Christ’s so suffering for men, as to indure for them any part of the punishment that was to be inflicted in a future world.
b. Of things: To support (a strain, pressure, wear and tear, etc.) without receiving injury; formerly also absol. Also in weaker sense, to undergo, suffer, be subjected to.
1413. Lydg., Pylgr. Sowle, IV. xxx. Gold wylle well enduren under the hamoure enlargyng hymself withouten crasure.
1611. Bible, Pref., 1. The same endured many a storme of gaine-saying.
1658. Evelyn, Fr. Gard. (1675), 70. Old trees, whose rind being very tough, can endure the wedge without splitting.
1860. Tyndall, Glac., § 3. 247. The loss [of heat] endured … through radiation into space.
† c. To withstand as an adversary, support, sustain. Obs.
1375. Barbour, Bruce, II. 429. His men … war sa few that thai na mycht Endur the forss mar off the fycht.
c. 1450. Merlin, ix. 134. That noon myght his strokes endure.
1470–85. Malory, Arthur, X. i. Yet shalle I ryght wel endure you.
1724. De Foe, Mem. Cavalier (1840), 64. We were obliged to endure the whole weight of the imperial army.
4. To suffer without resistance, submit to, tolerate; to contemplate with toleration.
α. 1475. Caxton, Jason, 78. Notwithstanding he endured the malice of Zethephius … a certayn space.
1601. Shaks., Jul. C., IV. iii. 29. Brutus, baite not me, Ile not indure it.
1609. B. Jonson, Sil. Wom., I. i. (1616), 533. He cannot endure a Costard-monger, he swounes if he heare one.
1651. Hobbes, Leviath., II. xxiv. 129. Common-wealths can endure no Diet.
1716–8. Lady M. W. Montague, Lett., I. xvi. 54. Men endure everything while they are in love.
1732. Berkeley, Alciphr., ii. § 24. The tendency of your opinions is so bad that no good man can endure them.
1845. E. Holmes, Mozart, 136. The French gentlemen have only so far improved their taste as to be able to endure good things.
β. 1607. Markham, Caval., II. 86. Your horse … will not indure their companie.
1617. Hieron, Wks. (1619–20), II. 342. God … can indure none but cheerefull Seruitors.
1678. Bunyan, Pilgr., I. 135. I could never indure him.
¶ Used for: To entertain the possibility of.
1677. Feltham, Resolves, I. xxvii. (ed. 10), 47. St. Augustine would by no means indure the Antipodes: we are now of nothing more certain.
b. With object inf. (with to), subord. cl., or accus. and inf.
α. 15[?]. New Not-broune Mayd (1842), 52. When your pleasure Was to endure To lye my sydes betwene.
1607. Topsell, Four-f. Beasts (1653), 815. The people of Europe in no place … can endure them [Earth-worms] to be set on their Tables.
1611. Bible, Esther viii. 6. For how can I endure to see the euill that shall come vnto my people?
a. 1627. Hayward, Four Y. Eliz. (1840), 44. He had openlie reproched the French soldiers, for enduringe their master’s enimies to lyve.
a. 1718. Penn, Maxims, Wks. 1726, I. 836. Those that have Employments should not be endured to leave them humorously.
1732. Berkeley, Alciphr., i. § 5. We … cannot endure that truth should suffer through complaisance.
1792. G. Wakefield, Answer to Priestley, 14. But my friends … must, and will, endure me both to speak and write of them and their opinions, [etc.]. Ibid. (1798), Reply to the Bp. of Landaff’s Address, 5. The public ear must endure to vibrate with an incessant application of wholesome doctrine.
1871. Browning, Pr. Hohenstiel, 1314. The man endured to help, not save outright the multitude.
β. 1597. Hooker, Eccl. Pol., V. vii. (1611), 195. For the world will not indure to heare that we are [etc.].
1601. R. Johnson, Kingd. & Commw. (1603), 206. They will not indure any of the common people to come neare them.
1654. Trapp, Comm. Ps. iv. 3. Wee cannot indure to hear sweet words from a stinking breath.
1660. Trial Regic., 106. They ought not to indure to have their Jurisdiction so much as questioned.
† 5. Of things: To permit of, be compatible with. arch.
1593. Bilson, Govt. Christ’s Ch., 166. The wordes doe well endure it.
1823. Scott, Peveril, xiii. I have that to say to this youth which will not endure your presence.
