v. Forms: α. 5–7 endew, 5– endue; β. 5–7, indew, (6 yndue), 5– indue. [ad. OF. enduire (also in semi-learned form induire), corresp. to Pr. endurre, Cat. induir, It. indurre (cf. the ‘learned’ forms Sp. inducir, Pg. induzir, It. inducere):—L. indūcĕre (see INDUCE), f. in into, on + dūcĕre to lead, draw. The etymological senses ‘lead into,’ ‘draw into,’ ‘lead on,’ ‘draw on,’ account for the Eng. senses 1–6, which approximately follow the senses of OF. enduire, induire. In senses 5–6, however, the word was associated with the nearly synonymous L. induĕre to put on (a garment), which it often renders in early translations from Latin. (Perhaps it would not be incorrect to say that the L. induĕre was adapted in a form coinciding with that of the verb ad. OF. enduire.) Senses 7–9 are of mixed origin: they are partly derived from the fig. use of sense 6 ‘to clothe’ (cf. invest); but the forms endew, indew in 15th c. (sense 8) are etymologically equivalent to ENDOW (cf. OF. deu 1 pers. pres. indic. of doër to endow). Hence in 16th and 17th c. the verb endue had all the senses of ENDOW in addition to those which it derived from OF. enduire and L. induĕre. In sense 9 the meanings proceeding from the three sources have so completely coalesced that it is often impossible to say which of them is the most prominent in a particular use of the word.
The form endue is now the more common in all the living senses, though some writers employ it and indue indiscriminately, while others appropriate the latter to those uses (esp. senses 5, 6) which suggest an etymological connection with L. induere. The obs. sense 2, when referred to by mod. writers, has commonly the spelling endew.
I. To bring in, introduce.
† 1. To induct (a spiritual person) into a living, or (a secular person) into a lordship. In ME. const. in (= into). Obs.
c. 1400. Apol. Loll., 50. For bischoppis, abbots, or oþer personis, to be putt in þer segis, or prestis to be induyd, or inled in Kirks.
1460. Capgrave, Chron., 256. Othir dukes he schal endewe in the lordchippis of Itaile.
II. [after Fr. enduire.]
† 2. Of a hawk: In early use, app. = ‘to put over,’ i.e., to pass (the food contained in the ‘gorge’) into the stomach; in later use, to digest. (In 15th c. only absol.; from 16th c. also, To endue her gorge, her meat.) Hence transf. of other animals or of persons: To digest. Obs.
α. c. 1430. Bk. Hawkyng, in Rel. Ant., I. 296. And ye shall say this hawke is ful y-gorged, and hath endewedd, or i-put over.
1486. Bk. St. Albans, A vij a. An hawke enduth neuer as long as hir bowellis bene full at her fedyng.
a. 1528. Skelton, Col. Cloute, 216. Your gorge not endewed Without a capon stewed.
1530. Palsgr., 643/1. I mute, as a hauke dothe whan she hath endued her gorge.
1577. B. Googe, Heresbach’s Husb., IV. (1586), 161 b. Give them [fowls] no newe, till you perceive … that the olde bee endewed.
1615–33. Latham, Falconry, Gloss., Endew, is when a Hawke digesteth her meat, not onely putting it ouer from her gorge, but also cleansing her pannell.
1622. Fletcher, Sp. Curate, V. ii. A good stomach will endue it easilie.
1626. Donne, Serm. (1640), lxviii. 684 e. Meat, such as they are able to digest and endue.
1708. Motteux, Rabelais, V. ii. They eat and drank like men … endued or digested like men.
1721. in Bailey.
β. 1575. Turberv., Bk. Falconrie, 327. Shee will have indewed it out of hande.
1615. Latham, Falconry (1633), 85. If the stomacke … do not digest and indue well. Ibid. (1618), 2nd Bk. Falconry (1633), 114. Small birds … are meetest for that purpose, and easiest to be indued.
† b. fig. To take in, ‘inwardly digest.’ Obs.
1596. Spenser, F. Q., III. x. 9. None but she it vewd, Who well perceived all, and all indewd.
† 3. intr. To be digested. Obs. rare.
c. 1575. Perfect Bk. for kepinge Sparhawkes (1886), 7. Meates wch endew sonest and maketh the hardest panell.
† III. 4. To lead on; to bring up, educate, instruct. Obs. [See examples of enduire in Godef.]
1526. Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W., 1531), 16. The purpose of God was so to endewe man that he sholde neuer thynke this worlde his fynall habitacyon.
1541. Paynell, Catiline, iii. 4. But he was indued and brought vp in conditions lyke Catiline.
1580. Baret, Alv., I 135. To indue, instruct, or teach, imbuo.
1581. J. Bell, Haddon’s Answ. Osor., 323. Paule … endued you at the first with a farre other manner of doctrine.
† b. To bring to a certain state or condition. Obs. rare–1.
1604. Shaks., Oth., III. iv. 146. For let our finger ake, and it endues Our other healthfull members, euen to a sense Of paine.
IV. To put on as a garment; to clothe or cover. [Influenced by L. induere.]
5. To assume, take upon oneself (a different form) [cf. L. induere personam, etc.]; in later use, to put on (garments, etc.). Also fig.
1432–50. trans. Higden (Rolls), I. 369. A man and a woman be constreynede to indue an other forme.
1596. Spenser, F. Q., III. vi. 35. Infinite shapes of creatures there are bred … Some fitt for reasonable sowles t’ indew.
1621. G. Sandys, Ovid’s Met., XI. (1626), 232. Next, Phantasus … indues a tree, Earth, water, stone.
1814. Scott, Wav., xii. The Baron … had indued a pair of jack-boots of large dimensions.
1830. Tennyson, Poems, 122. Could I … indue i’ the spring Hues of fresh youth.
1848. Lytton, Harold, XII. vii. Who had not yet endued his heavy mail.
1859. J. H. Stirling, Crit. Ess. Tennyson (1868), 71. How perfectly Tennyson can endue what state of mind he pleases.
1880. Miss Broughton, Sec. Th., II. III. v. 209. Regarding … the perfectly new Tweed suit which … he has endued.
6. To clothe (a person) with.
1432–50. trans. Higden (Rolls), I. 239. The victor was induede with the coote of Iupiter.
a. 1700. Dryden, trans. Ovid’s Met., Wks. 1821, XII. 147. Endu’d with robes of various hue.
1850. Hawthorne, Scarlet Letter, viii. 128. A loose gown and easy cap,—such as elderly gentlemen loved to indue themselves with.
1866. R. Chambers, Ess., Ser. I. 182. His feet are raised upon the fender;… he is endued with slippers and gown.
b. transf.
a. 1649. Drumm. of Hawth., Fam. Ep., Wks. (1711), 136. The Spring the Woods with new [Leaves] Indews.
1857–8. Sears, Athan., iv. 27. Every particle of the poor dust that has ever indued us.
1869. Blackmore, Lorna D., ii. (ed. 12), 7. John Fry’s … hat was indued with a plume of marsh-weed.
1875. Wonders Phys. World, II. iv. 305. This species, indued in a thick shaggy fur.
† c. To overlay, cover. [The current sense of Fr. enduire.] Obs. rare.
1644. Evelyn, Mem. (1857), I. 128. The miraculous Sudarium indued with the picture of our Saviour’s face.
1794. Blumenbach, Mummies, in Phil. Trans., LXXXIV. 187. The hard compact ones, wholly indued with rosin.
V. To ‘invest’ or endow with dignities, possessions, qualities, etc.
† 7. To invest with honors, dignity, etc. Obs.
1565. T. Randolph, in Ellis, Orig. Lett., I. 184, II. 201. All dignities that she cane indue hym with, are all reddie given and graunted.
1513–75. Diurn. Occurr. (1833), 70. The quenis grace … maid thir personis following knychtis, and indewit thame with the honour thairof.
† 8. To invest (a person or body of persons) with property; = ENDOW v. 2. Const. of. Obs.
c. 1440. Promp. Parv., Induyn, doto.
c. 1449. Pecock, Repr., 347. Founders and Endewers of eny persounes or comountees, if thei endewiden so richeli … weren not … to be blamed.
1494. Fabyan, VII. 370. He sette therin monkes of Cisteaux ordre, whyte monkes, and endewed them with ryche possessyons.
1496–7. Plumpton Corr., 124. That it wyll please your sayd mastership to indue this woman in some lordship of yours of xx marke duryng hir lyfe.
1529. Act 21 Hen. VIII., c. 13. Noo … Parsonage that hath a Vicar indued, nor any Benefice perpetually appropriate.
1568. Grafton, Chron., II. 258. The same Jaques had promised the king … to endue his sonne the Prince of Wales therewith [Flaundyrs].
1579. Fenton, Guicciard. (1618), 231. To indue his brother with Ecclesiastical reuenues.
1590. Greene, Never too Late, C iij. What substance hath Francesco to endue thee with?
1611. Bible, Gen. xxx. 20. And Leah said, God hath endued me with a good dowry.
1647. Lilly, Chr. Astrol., xviii. 102. A man modestly indued with the Goods and Fortune of this world.
† b. To endow (an institution). Obs.
α. 1539. Act 31 Hen. VIII., c. 5. The king hath of late erected … a goodly sumptuous house … and the same endewed with parkes, orchardes, gardein.
1565. Calfhill, Answ. Treat. Crosse (1846), 207. Constantinus … liberally did endue the church.
1601. F. Godwin, Bps. of Eng., 232. [He] very largely endued … the Abbey of Eynsham.
1603. Knolles, Hist. Turkes (1621), 838. How to endue the same with lands and reuenues sufficient for the maintenance of so great a charge.
β. 1462. J. Paston, in Lett., 461, II. 113. Sir John Fastolf … mad his will in especiall that a college of vij monks shuld be stabilisshed, founded, and indewed.
1538. Leland, Itin., I. 10. S. Thomas Hospitale is … induid with sum Landes, al by the Citisens of Northampton.
† c. To supply with anything. Obs.
1595. Shaks., John, IV. ii. 43. More strong [reasons] I shall indue you with. Ibid. (1607), Cor., II. iii. 147. The Tribunes endue you with the Peoples Voyce.
† d. To bestow, grant. Const. dat. of pron.; cf. ENDOW v. 1 c. Obs. rare.
1587. M. Grove, Pelops & Hipp., D iv b. Let Clio muse to paint the gifts, which loue doth her endue.
9. To invest with a power or quality, a spiritual gift, etc. Often in pass. To be endued with = to be possessed of (a certain quality).
Nearly synonymous with ENDOW; the two verbs may often be used interchangeably, but in mod. use endow suggests that the power or quality is of the nature of a permanent advantage.
α. 1447. Bokenham, Seyntys (1835), 13. With vertuhs ful excellently In hyr soule inward endewyd was she.
1509. Fisher, Fun. Serm. C’tess Richmond (1708), 8. She being endued with so grete towardness of Nature.
1605. Bacon, Adv. Learn., I. iii. § 6. D 3 b. Learning endueth mens mindes with a true sence of the frailtie of their persons.
1616. Hieron, Wks., II. 37. Was it with what religion is the woman endewed, or with what portion is shee endowed?
1669. Boyle, Contn. New Exp., II. (1682), 27. The Apples seemed … endued with a most pleasant Taste.
1709. Berkeley, Ess. Vision, § 86. Our sight would be endued with a far greater sharpness.
1736. Butler, Anal., I. i. Wks. 1874, I. 14. We know we are endued with capacities of action, of happiness and misery.
1791. Cowper, Iliad, XVII. 898. Two mules with strength for toil endued.
1874. Holland, Mistr. Manse, xxi. 92. Contented with the hue which endues its wings with beauty.
β. 1536. R. Beerley, in Four C. Eng. Lett., 34. Most reuerent lord yn God … ynduyd with all grace and goodnes.
1655. Fuller, Ch. Hist., I. i. § 17. An oake in New Forest … is indued with the same quality, putting forth leaves about the same time.
1692. Washington, trans. Milton’s Def. Pop., ii. (1851), 63. Kings, tho indued with the Supream Power are not … Lords over the People.
1727. Pope, etc. Art Sinking, 118. The less a man is indued with any virtue, the more need he has to have it plentifully bestowed.
1754. Edwards, Freed. Will, III. iii. 156. Let us suppose a Scale of a Balance … indued with a self-moving Power.
1860. Holland, Miss Gilbert, xvii. 305. A heart indued and informed with love for God and man.
† b. Of a quality, etc.: To be inherent in. Obs.
1631. Milton, Sonn., ii. 8. And inward ripeness doth much less appear, That some more timely-happy spirits endu’th.
1655–60. Stanley, Hist. Philos. (1701), 27/2. Whose Souls deceit and vanity endue.
Hence † Enduable a., capable of being invested with, or put in possession of. Const. of. † Enduer, one who invests a person or body of persons (with lands, etc.).
1558. Richmond. Wills (1853), 124. Of the whyc my sayd wyffe schal be endewebl accordyng to comone lawys.
c. 1449. [See ENDUE v. 8].
