Co-

prefix of Latin origin. In Latin the preposition com- (which as a separate word was written in classical L. cum) was shortened to co- before vowels and h, also before gn-, e.g., coalescere, coercēre, coortus, cohærēre, cognātus. Partly from the greater syllabic distinctness of this form of the prefix, arising out of the natural break between it and the following vowel, whereby also, on the break-down of the older quantitative system, the o became a long vowel, partly from the readiness with which some compounds of this type, as co-æquālis, co-adjūtor, co-episcopus, co-hæres, co-operātor, co-optāre, were analysed into their elements, co- has come in English to be a living formative, the use of which is no longer restricted to words beginning with a vowel, but extended to all words of analogous kinds, including native English or other words, as well as those from Latin. The general sense is ‘together,’ ‘in company,’ ‘in common,’ ‘joint, -ly,’ ‘equal, -ly,’ ‘reciprocally,’ ‘mutually.’ It combines (like L. com-, con-, co-) with verbs, adjs., adverbs and sbs. It is sometimes prefixed to words of L. origin that are already compounded with com- (con-), as co-connexion, -conspirator, -constituent.

  It occurs also as a variant form of words of L. origin or type, where the regular form is com-, con-, cor-: e.g., co-centric, co-natural, co-numerary, † co-partment, co-relation, co-rival, co-temporary, co-terminous, and other occasional instances: cf. also co-citizen, co-join, co-mingle, with concitizen, conjoin, commingle, etc.

  All the more important of these compounds appear in their alphabetical order as Main words: there follow here examples of compounds of rare occurrence and obvious meaning, or in which the combination is but for the nonce. It is notable how many of these are solely due to Bishop Ken.

  1.  Verbs.

  Of a joint subject: as, co-engage to engage along with others, co-sustain to sustain jointly. Of a joint object: as, co-admit to admit (two or more things) equally, co-annex to annex (things) along with others. So

  Co-abound, † co-absume, co-admire, co-admit, co-agonize, co-animate, co-annex, co-annihilate, co-apprehend, co-ascend, co-attend, co-augment, co-bewail, co-bless, co-breathe, co-crucify, co-decree, co-delight, co-derive, co-die, co-elevate, co-embody, co-employ, co-enact, co-endear, co-enflame, co-engage, co-enjoy, co-exert, co-expire, co-glorify, co-harmonize, co-hymn, co-implore, co-include, co-infer, co-inspire, co-inter, co-inthrone, co-love, co-oblige, co-produce, co-quicken, co-raise, co-rebel, co-rejoice, co-resign, co-resort, co-seat, co-spire, co-suffer, co-sustain, co-torment, co-torture, co-transfuse, co-transpire, co-transubstantiate, co-twist, co-vibrate, co-worship.

a. 1711.  Ken, Christophil, Poet. Wks. 1721, I. 519. While Hymn and Love here *co-abound.

1642.  F. White, Repl. Fisher, 424. The words … are not, Is consumed by the substance, but, Is *coabsumed with the substance.

a. 1711.  Ken, Hymnotheo (1721), III. 370. The Blessed Co-everlasting Three, By Lovers co-ador’d, and *co-admir’d. Ibid., Hymnarium, II. 31. God in himself has taught in Holy Writ Prescience and Liberty to *co-admit. Ibid., Hymns Evang., I. 139. That I … May with thy Agony *co-agonize.

a. 1622.  Elnathan Parr, Wks. (1651), 334/1. As they are concorporated into one outward profession, so they may be *coanimated, as I may say, into one inward love in Christ.

a. 1600.  Hooker, Eccl. Pol., VII. II. 474. Unless such difficulties therefore annexed unto that estate be tempered by *co-annexing thereunto things esteemed of in this world.

1775.  *Co-annihilate: see Co-infer.

1646.  Sir T. Browne, Pseud. Ep., V. xx. 263. Able to communicate their conceptions unto any that *co-apprehended the Syntaxis of their natures.

1603.  Sir C. Heydon, Jud. Astrol., vi. 170. Her place considered with latitude is truly vnderstood in the rule, and the degree *co-ascending therewith.

a. 1711.  Ken, Hymns Festiv. (1721), I. 376. Passions on my Will to *co-attend.

1611.  Chapman, Iliad, XIII. 174 (R.). We finde That Vertue *coaugmented thriues, in men of little minde.

a. 1711.  Ken, Hymnotheo (1721), III. 131. The Mourners wont his soul to *co-bewail. Ibid., Preparatives, IV. 127. Flesh which with Soul to be *co-bless’d In Hope shall rest. Ibid., Hymns Evang., I. 135. When Godhead Fontal and Deriv’d, *co-breath. Ibid., Christophil, I. 437. I, while thou suffer’st, shall abide *Co-crucify’d. Ibid., Sion, IV. 329. The glorious three, Acceptance gracious *co-decree. Ibid., IV. 350. Each … In heav’nly Love will *co-delight. Ibid., Hymns Festiv., I. 268. Love, Joy, and Praise, All *co-deriv’d from God the source.

1865.  Pusey, Eiren., 154. She … was willing to *co-die (commori) with her Son.

1619.  R. Jones, Serm., in Phenix (1708), II. 489. The Body and the Soul … each *co-elevating other to make up the Resurrection.

1760–72.  H. Brooke, Fool of Qual. (1859), II. 252 (D.). Father, Son, and Holy Spirit will then become *coembodied in this Divine body.

a. 1711.  Ken, Hymns Festiv. (1721), I. 255. With them they wou’d in Song be *co-employ’d.

1645.  W. Ball, Sphere Govt., 8. A deniall of acting, enacting, or *coenacting with the Parliament.

a. 1711.  Ken, Edmund (1721), II. 275. To God and to each other *co-endear’d. Ibid., Hymnotheo, III. 172. Angels with Love each other *co-enflame.

1650.  St. Trials, Colonel Andrewe (R.). I was promised by Benson, that if Sir John Gell, and their pretended friends of the country, did *co-engage, I should be disengaged.

c. 1645.  Howell, Lett. (1650), I. 262. I wish my soul no other felicity … than to ascend to his, and *co-enjoy the same bliss.

a. 1711.  Ken, Hymns Festiv. (1721), I. 268. In saints they *co-exert their Might. Ibid., Hymnotheo, III. 166. They … at the Point of Death shall *co-expire. Ibid., Hymns Evang., I. 137. In them with Thee I am *co-glorify’d. Ibid., I. 41. Thy attributes are all *co-harmoniz’d. Ibid., I. 179. *Co-hymn’d by the Celestial Host. Ibid., Christophil, I. 483. Thy Loves, Great Trine, I co-adore, And co-adoring, *co-implore.

1664.  Power, Exp. Philos., I. 40. In this Cartilaginous Pericardium … is likewise the Auricle *co-included.

1775.  Harris, Philos. Arrangem. (1841), 356. The latter logicians are accustomed to call this mode of priority, that which is *co-inferred, but does not co-infer; that which co-annihilates, but is not co-annihilated.

a. 1711.  Ken, Edmund (1721), II. 259. Both at one Breath by God seem’d *co-inspired.

1874.  Pusey, Lent. Serm., 312–3. Their old man had been crucified with Christ, co-interred; with Him they had been *co-interred, with him co-raised.

1650.  Hubbert, Pill Formality, 73. Can Christ and Belial be *co-inthroned?

a. 1711.  Ken, Christophil (1721), I. 484. *Co-loving Thee … Great Trine. Ibid., Edmund II., 278. Interest, Honour, Nature, and Heavn’s Will, All *co-oblige you to revenge the Ill. Ibid., Hymnotheo (1721), III. 370. The great Terraqueous System [to] *co-produce.

a. 1677.  Barrow, Creed, Wks. 1859, VII. 296. He *co-quickened, co-raised, and co-seated us (if I may so speak) with him in heavenly places.

1874.  Pusey, Lent. Serm., 312. He … co-quickened us in Christ.

1677–1874.  *Co-raise: see co-inter, co-quicken.

a. 1711.  Ken, Preparatives (1721), IV. 75. All … which fell, Will strive to make you *co-rebell. Ibid., Hymns Festiv., I. 400. Their Brethren *co-rejoyce. Ibid., Sion, IV. 379. They to his conduct Psyche *co-resign.

1678.  Pol. Ballads (1860), I. 209. Where zealots and Whigs *co-resort.

1677.  *Co-seat: see co-quicken.

a. 1711.  Ken, Hymnotheo (1721), III. 355. Father and Son … The gracious Co-eternal Dove *co-spir’d.

1603.  Florio, Montaigne, I. i. (1632), 2. They … would have us aid the afflicted, but not to faint, and *co-suffer with them.

a. 1711.  Ken, Hymnotheo (1721), III. 385. Their Chief and they the Burthen *co-sustain’d. Ibid., III. 89. Damn’d Souls and Devils … each other *co-torment. Ibid., Psyche, IV. 239. Tortur’d themselves, and yet *co-torturing me. Ibid., Hymnotheo, III. 235. Saints sweetly here discourse, and heav’nly News Into each other only *co-transfuse. Ibid., Psyche, IV. 257. They kiss’d and in protracted kiss repos’d; Love *co-transpiring. Ibid., Sion, IV. 345. How we … by nuptial Tie are one How we *co-transubstantiated are grown.

1833.  Lamb, Elia (1860), 360. Linked to her connatural tree, *co-twisting with its limbs her own.

1881.  Le Conte, Light, 58. They *co-vibrate with the undulations of the ether.

1607.  Schol. Disc. agst. Antichr., I. i. 3. Yea in a Crosse *coworshipped with him in the verie same worship.

  2.  Adjs. (often participial), and advbs.

  Thus co-embedded embedded together, co-harmonious unitedly harmonious, co-intersecting intersecting mutually; thence adverbs, as co-harmoniously:

  Co-ambulant, co-amiable, co-apostate, co-ardent, co-boundless, co-divine, co-effluent, co-effluential, co-elongated, co-embedded, co-endearing, co-enflaming, co-featured, co-foreknown, co-glorious, co-gracious, co-harmonious (and -ly), co-hellish, co-immense, co-incorporate, co-intersecting, † co-like, co-lovely, co-mournful, co-neighbo(u)ring, co-omniscient, co-penetrating, co-pleased, co-reflexed, co-sounding, co-transforate, co-universal.

1688.  R. Holme, Armoury, II. 300/1. Two Doves *Coambulant … are a loving pair walking together.

a. 1711.  Ken, Hymns Festiv., Poet Wks. 1721, I. 349. That *Co-amiable Trine. Ibid., Hymnotheo, III. 123. Pride … First down from Bliss Apostate Angels threw, First *co-apostate Man from God withdrew. Ibid., III. 358. To the Co-une, Co-amiable, Three, *Co-ardent Love, Co-equal Praises be. Ibid., Christophil, I. 458. Lord, out of thy *co-boundless store, I love-supplies implore. Ibid., Hymns Evang., I. 136. He’ll speak from Both with Mission *Co-divine. Ibid., I. 94. God *co-effluent fill’d his human Mind. Ibid., Hymns Festiv., I. 267. Thou Trine *Co-effluential Love.

1854.  R. Owen, in Circ. Sc. (c. 1865), II. 58/1. The iliac bones and sides of the sacrum become *co-elongated.

1851–9.  Darwin, in Man. Sc. Enq., 278. The age of such a formation would have to be judged of by the *co-embedded shells.

a. 1711.  Ken, Christophil (1721), I. 435. The Spirit on Thy sacred Head Wings radiant, *co-endearing spread. Ibid., Psyche, IV. 165. With a *co-enflaming Ardour vie.

1849.  [W. M. W. Call], Reverberations, II. 85.

a. 1711.  Ken, Hymnar., II. 31. Things certain, or contingent, *co-foreknown. Ibid., Preparatives, IV. 57. Within the Gracious shine Of the *co-glorious Trine. Ibid., Christophil, I. 485. The Love Which in the Three *Co-gracious reigns. Ibid., Hymnotheo, III. 241. In *co-harmonious Numbers, Measures, Weights. Ibid., Christophil, I. 447. He taught how sweet Humility and Height In souls would *co-harmoniously unite. Ibid., Hymns Evang., I. 149. Jesus, worried by the Pagan crew, Storm’d by Hell Powers, and the *co-hellish Jew. Ibid., Hymns Festiv., I. 228. Thou Godhead’s *Co-immense First-born.

1650.  Elderfield, Tythes, 89. The diffused and *coincorporate Law.

1881.  Athenæum, 21 May, 692/1. Mr. S. Roberts’s Theorem of Four *Cointersecting Spheres.

1678.  R. R[ussell], trans. Geber, IV. ii. 242. With the Union of all *Co-like Parts.

a. 1711.  Ken, Edmund (1721), II. 340. Philothea … Clarissa … Devota … a *co-lovely Trine. Ibid., Hymnotheo, III. 339. The Doves … Notes *co-mournful mutually rehearse.

1664.  Power, Exp. Philos., II. 108. Both being fluid, dissipable, and *co-neighbouring Elements.

a. 1711.  Ken, Preparatives (1721), IV. 114. The Bless’d *co-omniscient Three. Ibid., Hymns Festiv., I. 268. Great God thus unity displays, In sweet *co-penetrating Rays. Ibid., Hymnotheo, III. 338. Pleas’d with Eve’s stroaking it, it meekly bay’d, And she *co-pleased, the Lamb her fondling made. Ibid., III. 166. Dear Lovers there in *co-reflex’d delight.

1852.  Seidel, Organ, 130. Sometimes this *co-sounding tone is not quite clear or distinct.

1875.  F. W. H. Myers, Poems, 76. *Co-transforate with Christ.

a. 1711.  Ken, Hymnotheo (1721), III. 42. Death keeps with Sin *co-universal sway.

  3.  Substantives. a. Of action, state, etc.

  Co-abode, co-administration, co-admiration, co-advice, co-aid, co-audience joint-hearing, † co-benignity, co-connexion mutual connection, † co-delight, co-denization, co-domestication, co-emanation, † co-enamourment, co-exertion, co-explosion, † co-hea·rtedness communion or unity of hearts, co-indwelling, co-infeftment, co-interest, co-life, co-perception, co-principate, † co-respect, co-splendo(u)r, co-tenure, co-understanding, co-use.

a. 1711.  Ken, Sion, Poet. Wks. 1721, IV. 391. Such love the Saint to Paula shew’d In their bless’d *Co-abode.

1688.  Lond. Gaz., No. 2389/3. Deputed to this *Coadministration during the Pleasure of his Holiness and the Apostolick See.

1628.  Hume, Jewes Deliv., i. 2. 1. Their *coadmiration. 2. Their congratulation.

1651.  Howell, Venice, 10. Without the *coadvice of som of the Masters mates.

1631.  Bp. Webbe, Quietn. (1657), 109. The cooperation of the hands … the *co-audience of the ears.

a. 1711.  Ken, Hymns Festiv. (1721), I. 268. *Co-benignities Divine Gush out on us from Godhead Trine.

1823.  J. Badcock, Dom. Amusem., 127. The intimate *co-connection that exists between galvanic electricity and magnetism.

a. 1711.  Ken, Hymnarium (1721), II. 9. Reflecting still thy Godhead bright, and in co-splendour *co-delight.

1840.  Tait’s Mag., VII. 71. The mission of the apostles was not an episcopizing of geographical dioceses … but a *co-denization of human hearts.

1819.  Coleridge, Rem. (1836), II. 193. *Co-domestication with Edgar and their common father.

a. 1711.  Ken, Hymns Evang. (1721), I. 82. The blessed Three … joyn Man with *co-emanations to refine. Ibid., Hymns Festiv., I. 291. She melting, while he sweetly shin’d, To *co-enamourments inclin’d.

1809–10.  Coleridge, Friend (1865), 34. Works which cannot act at all except as far as they call the reasoning faculties into full *co-exertion with them.

1823.  J. Badcock, Dom. Amusem., 66. *Co-explosion of Fulminating Silver. If small parcels of this preparation be laid about upon the table … and one parcel be touched with sulphuric acid, the whole detonate spontaneously.

1619.  R. Jones, Recant. Serm., in Phenix (1708), II. 495–6. The Unanimity and Accord of the Disciples … signifies a *Co-heartedness, an Unanimity or concurring in Affection.

1840.  Gladstone, Ch. Princ., 398. That *coindwelling of good and evil which passes our understanding.

1858.  Carlyle, Fredk. Gt. (1865), I. III. vi. 181. The electoral branch managed to get mitbelehnung (*co-infeftment), that is to say, Eventual Succession.

1648.  Milton, Observ. Art. Peace (1851), 581. The appearance of a *co-interest and partaking, with the Irish Rebels.

1841–4.  Emerson, Ess., Ser. II. ii. (1876), 67. The soul is not twin-born, but the only begotten … admitting no *co-life. Ibid., Ser. I. vii. 179. The order of the world and the distribution of affairs and times being studied with the *co-perception of their subordinate place.

1874.  H. R. Reynolds, John Bapt., App. 531. There was a genuine *co-principate of Tiberius and Augustus, which took effect before the middle of 765 A.U.C.

a. 1711.  Ken, Hymnotheo (1721), III. 355. Love co-immense flows from their *co-respects. Ibid., Hymnarium, II. 9. Reflecting still thy God-head bright, And in *Co-splendor, Co-delight.

1860.  Sala, Lady Chesterf., v. 79. Queen Adelaide’s *co-tenure of the sceptre was of … brief duration.

c. 1645.  Howell, Lett. (1650), II. 110. Provided ther be reciprocall knowledge, and *co-understanding of the art ’twixt the parties.

1886.  A. Folkard, in Antiquary, XIV. 94. By their *co-use to designate the same individual.

  b.  Agent-nouns (and derivatives of function, adjectives used substantively), etc.

  Co-actor, co-agriculturist, co-aid, co-ambassador, co-apostate, co-approver, co-asserter, co-believer, co-burgess, co-burgher (-ship), co-churchwarden, co-conspirator, co-descendant, co-despairer, co-discoverer, co-editor (-ship), co-elder (-ship), co-emperor, co-enactor, co-engager, co-faster, co-father (-ship), † co-fere, co-fisher, co-herald, co-husband, co-inmate, co-inventor, co-islander, co-judge, co-justiciar, co-king, co-legislator, co-magistracy, co-mourner, co-murmurer, co-nominee, co-non-intelligent, co-parallel, co-parent, co-patentee, co-presbyter, co-rebel, co-rival, co-savio(u)r, co-settler, co-species, co-sufferer, co-traitor, co-translator, co-tripper, co-tutor, co-twin, co-villager, co-votary.

1638.  Brome, Antipodes, II. ii. You are To speake to your *co-actors in the Scene.

1880.  J. Mackay, in Macm. Mag., No. 245. 415/2. The American farmer has his grievance as well as his *co-agriculturist in Britain.

1715–20.  Pope, Iliad, XIII. 619. Paris, Deiphobus, Agenor join; *Co-aids and captains of the Trojan line.

1579.  Fenton, Guicciard., I. (1618), 5. Gentill Bishop of Aretze, the other *coembassador for Florence.

a. 1711.  Ken, Edmund (1721), II. 9. *Co-apostates damn’d as well as we.

1684.  H. More, Answer, 29. *Co-approvers of the sentence.

1652.  Gataker, Antinom., 15. The Autor and other his *coasserters of free grace.

1885.  Manch. Exam., 6 July, 5/1. In concert with his *co-believers.

1852.  Grote, Greece, II. lxxvi. X. 74. Knit together … by the *coburgership.

1565.  in Picton, L’pool Munic. Rec. (1883), I. 35. His brethren and commonalty of *co-burgesses.

1835.  Crompton & Meeson, Rep. Cases Crts. Exchequer, 316, head-note. A churchwarden has no authority to pledge the credit of his *co-churchwardens for repairs to the church.

1868.  Daily News, 21 July, 4/3. Mr. Hubbard had been consulted by his co-churchwarden.

1863.  Bright, Sp. America, 30 June. He has sought to become … in the palace of the French emperor a *co-conspirator with him.

1866.  Church & St. Rev., 7 Dec., 771. Mr. Bright and his co-conspirators.

1871.  Darwin, Desc. Man, II. xxi. 386. Man is the *co-descendant with other mammals of a common progenitor.

a. 1711.  Ken, Edmund (1721), II. 10. Ye *Co-despairers in these woes.

1871.  Proctor, Light Sc., 56. Professor Adams—*co-discoverer with Le Verrier of the distant Neptune.

1863.  N. & Q., Ser. III. IV. 231. Brought out under the *co-editorship of Dr. Geo. Hickes and Dr. F. Lee.

1726.  Trapp, Popery, I. § 5. 78. In the original it is συμπρεσβύτερος, *Co-elder.

1876.  Humphreys, Coin-coll. Man., xxiv. 353. These two personages were elected *co-emperors by the senate.

1649.  W. Ball, Power of Kings, 5. They … are called to Act with, or to be *Co-enactors.

1650.  St. Trials, Colonel Andrewe (R.). The *co-engagers in that resolution.

1882–3.  Schaff, Encycl. Relig. Knowl., III. 1787/2. By means of a sufficient number of *co-fasters, a fast of seven years may be accomplished in six days.

1839.  G. Darley, in Beaum. & Fl.’s Wks., Introd. 29. The tragedies, especially those of Beaumont’s *co-fathership.

1430.  Lydg., Chron. Troy, I. vi. Iason is come with many a manly man, Of his *coferes.

1854.  Badham, Halieut., 5. Venus and Cupid were as great *co-fishers from the same boat as Cleopatra and Antony.

18[?].  Coleridge, Chamouni, iv. Thyself Earth’s rosy star, and of the dawn *Co-herald.

1647.  R. Stapylton, Juvenal, Sat. X. 190. Him whom Cæsar’s wife will chuse *Co-husband.

1883.  J. Hawthorne, Fort. Fool, I. xxxi. 302. As *co-inmates of one dwelling.

1887.  F. D. Clark, in Proc. Amer. Instr. Deaf, 306. One of the *coinventors of the audiometer.

1644.  Howell, Engl. Teares, in Harl. Misc. (Malh.), V. 448. Against my *co-islander the Scot.

1639.  Gentilis, trans. Servita’s Inquis. (1676), 841. If these Lords will be Coadjutors, may they be blessed, but if they will be *Co-judges, we cannot endure it.

1875.  Stubbs, Const. Hist., I. xiii. 599. Thomas the Chancellor, and the earl of Leicester the *cojusticiar.

1884.  Tennyson, Becket, II. ii. 105. *Co-kings we were, and made the laws together.

1855.  Milman, Lat. Chr. (1864), II. iii. 61. In proportion as the ecclesiastics became *co-legislators, heresies became civil crimes.

1830.  Galt, Lawrie T., III. xiii. (1849), 128. During our *co-magistracy.

a. 1711.  Ken, Hymnotheo (1721), III. 131. *Co-mourners all, With supplemental Tears lament my Fall. Ibid., III. 203. Some … vent To their *co-murmurers their Discontent.

1835.  Kirby, Bridgewater Treat. (1852), I. 53. Though mostly derived from the same source as that of my learned *co-nominee.

1866.  De Morgan, in Athenæum, 2 Sept., 312/2. I am not ashamed, having the British Association as a *co-non-intelligent, to say I do not understand this.

1639.  G. Daniel, Ecclus. xlix. 10. David and Ezechias we may bring, *Co-paralels in Glorie with this King.

1882.  A. Macfarlane, Consanguinity, 4. The expression consort may be taken … in the simple sense of *co-parent of a child.

1602.  Warner, Alb. Eng., IX. xlv. (1612), 216. These twayne and those three Furies thus, *Copattentees, leaue Hel.

1693.  Apol. Clergy Scot., 60. Then his *Co-Presbyters … handled him to purpose.

a. 1711.  Ken, Edmund (1721), II. 99. Lucifer … And all his chief *Co-Rebels.

1878.  Tennyson, Q. Mary, III. i. Did not his last breath Clear Courtenay and the Princess from the charge Of being his co-rebels?

1823.  Lamb, Ess. Elia, Refl. in Pillory. Honour without *co-rival.

1656.  Trapp, Comm. Acts iv. 12. We have no *co-saviour.

1878.  J. Buller, New Zealand, I. i. 23. A boat came off to us, manned by Governor Glass, and a crew of his *co-settlers.

1847–9.  Todd, Cycl. Anat., IV. 136/1. Encephaloid stands apart from its *co-species.

1672.  Wycherley, Love in Wood, Prol.

a. 1711.  Ken, Edmund (1721), II. 298. Him Hinguar strait for his *Co-traitor sent.

1858–9.  Chambers’ Cycl. Eng. Lit., s.v. Pope, Deducting the sums paid to his *co-translators, Pope realised by the ‘Odyssey’ upwards of £3500.

1887.  N. Rye, Norfolk Broads, 22. Our *co-trippers … wanted to break off pieces of the walls to take back to America.

1852.  Sir W. Hamilton, Discuss., 548. A special tutor or *co-tutor is assigned to watch over the education of the children.

1836–9.  Todd, Cycl. Anat., II. 735/2. When a female is born a *co-twin with a male, this female is sterile.

1885.  G. L. Gomme, in Antiquary, March, 98/2. A meeting of the whole body of *co-villagers.

a. 1711.  Ken, Hymns Evang. (1721), I. 80. Good Barsebas … As his *Co-vot’ry ended, thus went on.

  c.  Esp. common in the phraseology of Law, with the sense of ‘joint’ or ‘fellow-,’ as CO-HEIR, CO-EXECUTOR, CO-DEFENDANT, etc.; also co-acceptor, co-assignee, co-auditor, co-contractor, co-covenantor, co-creditor, co-debtor, co-delinquent (-ency), co-guarantor, co-infeftment, co-legatee, co-lessee, co-lessor, co-mortgagee, co-petitioner, co-plaintiff, co-projector, co-promisor, co-promoter, co-purchaser, co-sharer, co-surety, co-trustee.

1883.  Ld. Watson, in Law Times Rep., XLIX. 450/2. A. had signed as a *co-acceptor.

1884.  Sir R. Baggallay, in Law Rep., 14 Q. Bench Div. 179. One of two assignees was removed for misconduct on the application of his *co-assignee.

1884.  Law Rep., 12 Q. Bench Div. 68, head-note. An auditor … is entitled to appoint an accountant … without the consent of his *co-auditor.

1856.  Act 19 & 20 Vict., c. 7 § 5. No co-surety, *co-contractor, or co-debtor shall be entitled to recover from any other co-surety, co-contractor, or co-debtor … more than the just proportion.

1856.  De Gex Macnaghten & Gordon, Reports, VIII. 100, marg. note. An intended co-surety who was purported to be made a *co-covenantor.

1875.  Poste, Gaius, III. comm. (ed. 2), 396. The obligation by which the *co-creditors are entitled or the co-debtors are bound.

1885.  Law Times, 6 June, 98/2. He entailed £18,000 loss on his co-creditors.

1875.  Poste, Gaius, III. comm. (ed. 2), 399. Where, however, the Solidarity is the effect of *co-delinquency … the delinquent who pays has no regressus. Ibid., 398. In Solidarity the guarantor who pays the whole has regressus against his *co-guarantors. Ibid., II. § 199. A lapsed portion accrues to the *colegatees.

1885.  Sir R. Baggallay, in Law Times Rep., LI. 897/2. The registrar thought it right to have the *co-lessee as well as the landlord before him.

1884.  Weekly Notes, 2 Aug., 180/2. The transfer of another mortgage to himself and another professional person as *co-mortgagee.

1884.  Law Times, 10 May, 24/2. Liberty … to amend the petition by joining him as a *co-petitioner with B.

1881.  Justice Fry, in Times, 12 April, 4/3. He should add the trustee as *co-plaintiff and give him the conduct of the action.

1847.  C. G. Addison, Contracts, II. vi. (1883), 826. He could not maintain an action against his *co-projectors for … money paid in furtherance of the joint undertaking. Ibid., II. iv. 663. The equity arises from the relation of the co-obligors, or *co-promisors inter se.

1884.  W. B. Dewhirst, in Manch. Courier, 6 Oct., 7/2. If the corporation … subscribe to the funds of the ship canal movement, they must become *co-promoters under the Borough Funds Act.

1885.  G. Denman, in Law Times Rep., LIII. 470/1. The defendant knew that the title of the *co-purchasers was fictitious.

1881.  G. P. Badger, in Times, 4 Aug., 3/4. The right of obtaining possession of a piece of land—that is, the pre-emption thereof … against one’s *co-sharer whose possession is recent.

1847.  Addison, Contracts, II. iv. 659. A party has consented to be *co-surety with another.

1818.  Cruise, Digest, I. 539. His *co-trustees having refused to join with him in the execution of the trust.

  4.  Math. (short for complement). Used in the sense ‘… of the complement,’ or ‘complement of …’: see COSINE, COTANGENT, COSECANT, CO-ALTITUDE, CO-DECLINATION, CO-LATITUDE.

1807.  Hutton, Course Math., II. 2. The Cosine, Cotangent, and Cosecant, of an arc, are the sine, tangent, and secant of the complement of that arc, the Co being only a contraction of the word complement.